Multi-trait selection for body weight, egg production and total fat in the Chinese and Synthetic strains of geese

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. B. Shrestha ◽  
A. A. Grunder ◽  
J. W. Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Genetic Response ◽  
Chinese Strain ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Total Fat

The Chinese and Synthetic (assembled from Pilgrim, Chinese and Hungarian) strains raised at the Greenbelt farm of the Centre for Food and Animal Research (formerly Animal Research Centre, and Animal Research Institute) located in Ottawa, Canada, had been subjected to 12 yr of random mating. From 1982 onwards, these two strains were selected for five generations in order to increase egg production over a 24- wk laying period and body weight at 16 wk of age, and to simultaneously decrease total fat (abdominal and intestinal). At the same time, Randombred Chinese and Synthetic strains were maintained during the course of selection to monitor year-to-year trends in the production traits. In both the Randombred strains, body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age remained stable (P > 0.05) during the course of the study. In the Selected Chinese strain, five generations of selection increased male and female body weight at 1 6 wk of age by 0.181 ± 0.024 and 0.165 ± 0.009 kg/generation, respectively, (P < 0.05), while egg production increased by 1.3 ± 0.73 eggs/generation (P > 0.05). Concurrently, in the Selected Synthetic strain, male and female body weight at 16 wk of age increased by 0.085 ± 0.028 (P < 0.10) and 0.084 ± 0.024 kg/generation (P < 0.05), respectively, while egg production increased by 1.1 ± 0.87 eggs/generation (P > 0.05). In Generation 6, measures of the abdominal, intestinal and total fat increased significantly in the Selected Chinese strain when compared to the Randombred Chinese strain, whereas the Selected and Randombred Synthetic strains were similar (P > 0.05). Correlated responses to selection were observed for body weight at slaughter, eviscerated carcass weight, dressing percentage, weights of the liver and neck, as well as fertility and hatchability traits. In the Selected Chinese strain, the genetic response to selection estimated as a deviation from the Randombred Chinese strain from Generation 2 to 6 for male and female body weight at 16 wk of age were 0.17 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.02 kg/generation, respectively (P < 0.05). Corresponding estimates of genetic response in the Selected Synthetic strain as a deviation from the Randombred Synthetic strain were 0.04 ± 0.01 and 0.05 ± 0.01 kg/generation, respectively (P < 0.05). In light of the variable results on fatness in the two Selected strains assessed, there is a need for further studies on response to selection for reduced abdominal and intestinal fat. Therefore, selection studies based on a larger number of geese are warranted to sustain goose breeding. Nevertheless, it is evident that multi-trait selection for egg production and body weight offers one of the most practical means for rapid and permanent improvement of economically important production traits in commercial goose breeding. Key words: Chinese strain, Synthetic strain, selection, body weight, egg production, abdominal and intestinal fat

Body weights, carcass characteristics, fat content, and their relationships in ganders of the Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains, and Embden-sired strain crosses

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
J. N. B. Shrestha ◽  
A. A. Grunder
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Similar Proportion ◽  
Chinese Strain ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Fat

In 1986, 247 ganders of the Selected Chinese and Selected Synthetic strains, and Large Embden and Small Embden- sired strain crosses at the Greenbelt farm of the Centre for Food and Animal Research in Ottawa, Canada, were evaluated. The Chinese and Synthetic (developed from the Pilgrim, Chinese and Hungarian) strains had been selected for four generations to increase egg production over a 24-wk laying period and body weight at 16 wk of age, and simultaneously decrease total fat content. Two Embden strains, Large and Small, denoting contrasting body sizes, had been imported from the United States of America for potential use in crossbreeding as terminal sire strains. Strains and strain crosses were ranked from high to low, for body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age, liveweight at slaughter and eviscerated carcass weight. Large Embden × Selected Chinese were largest followed by Small Embden × Selected Synthetic and Small Embden × Selected Chinese strain crosses, in turn followed by the Selected Chinese and Selected Synthetic strains. Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different except for body weight at 9 wk of age and eviscerated carcass weight. The Large Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross had a dressing percent of 63, significantly higher than 60–61% for the remaining strains or strain crosses. In general, the ranking of strains and strain crosses for liver weight was similar to rankings for body weights, except that the Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different from the Selected Chinese strain, and the Small and Large Embden-sired Selected Chinese crosses had similar liver weight. The Selected Synthetic strain had a significantly smaller neck than that of the other strains and strain crosses; Small Embden-sired crosses were not significantly different. Large Embden × Selected Chinese and Small Embden × Selected Synthetic strain crosses and the Selected Chinese strain had similar neck weight. When fat was expressed as a percentage of carcass weight, the strains and strain crosses had similar proportion of abdominal fat. On the other hand the Large Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross had significantly more intestinal fat (4.83%) than any of the strains and strain crosses (2.97 to 3.73%) and a similar proportion of total fat (10.87%) to the Small Embden × Selected Chinese strain cross (8.79%) but significantly more than the remaining strains and strain crosses (7.53 to 8.20%). The correlations of body weights at 9 and 16 wk of age with eviscerated carcass weight (0.65 and 0.90), abdominal fat weight (0.32 and 0.59), intestinal fat weight (0.27 and 0.55) and total fat weight (0.23 and 0.47) were deemed potentially useful. The correlations between percentage of fat parameters and body weights were low (0.20 a n d 0.37) or negligible. The inherent potential in the large-bodied Embden strain for growth can complement the small-bodied Selected Chinese strain that excels in egg production, fertility and hatchability to produce a strain cross with considerable promise for commercial production of goose meat. Key words: Chinese strain, Synthetic strain, Embden strain, body weights, abdominal and intestinal fat

Evaluation of Pilgrim, Hungarian, Chinese, Synthetic and Embden strains of geese and their crosses for body weight

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. B. Shrestha ◽  
A. A. Grunder ◽  
J. W. Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Specific Strain ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Animal Research Institute

The Pilgrim, Hungarian, Chinese, Selected C hinese, Synthetic (developed from Pilgrim, Chinese and Hungarian), Selected Synthetic, Large Embden and Small Embden strains of geese raised from 1980 to 1988 at the Greenbelt farm of the Centre for Food and Animal Research (formerly Animal Research Centre, and Animal Research Institute) in Ottawa, Canada varied significantly in body weight at 9 and 16 wk of age. The Large Embden strain weighed more than the Small Embden strain in 1986, and both were heavier than the Pilgrim strain (P < 0.05). Significantly different body weights for the Large Embden, Small Embden and Pilgrim strains averaged over sexes were 5.03, 4.45 and 3.59 kg, respectively, at 9 wk, and 6.15, 5.49 and 4.33 kg, respectively, at 16 wk. The Pilgrim strain was similar to the Chinese and Synthetic strains in body weight, whereas the Hungarian weighed consistently less (P < 0.05). Body weights for the Pilgrim, Chinese, Synthetic and Hungarian strains averaged over sexes and years 1980, 1983 and 1986 were 3.70, 3.56, 3.70 and 3.37 kg, respectively, at 9 wk, and 4.65, 4.43, 4.53 and 4.17 kg, respectively, at 16 wk. From 1982 onwards, the Chinese and Synthetic strains were selected for four generations in order to increase egg production over a 24-wk laying period and body weight at 16 wk of age, and to simultaneously decrease total fat (abdominal and intestinal). These Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains not only weighed significantly more than their corresponding Chinese and Synthetic strains maintained as randombred populations, but were also heavier than the Pilgrim strain. Corresponding body weights for Selected Chinese, Selected Synthetic, Chinese and Synthetic strains averaged over sexes and years 1983–1988 were 3.72, 3.69, 3.47 and 3.59 kg, respectively, at 9 wk, and 4.69, 4.77, 4.26 an d 4.31 kg, respectively, at 16 wk. The range in heterosis estimates for specific strain cross combinations were as follows: -6 to 8% for the Large Embden × Selected Chinese, 2 to 6% for the Selected Chinese × Selected Synthetic, -2 to 3% for the Selected Synthetic × Selected Chinese, -8 to -9% for the Large Embden × Small Embden, -1 to 1% for the Small Embden × Selected Chinese, and 4 to 8% for the Small Embden × Selected Synthetic. The variability among heterosis estimates for body weight was specific to strain crosses and subject to sampling associated with low number of sires used to produce crossbred offspring as well as the absence of reciprocal crosses. Larger studies evaluating all possible cross combinations of strains for additive and non-additive effects are warranted. Although, the Selected Chinese and Synthetic strains achieved genetic superiority for body weight, the inherent potential in the Embden strain demonstrated considerable merit for use as a terminal sire in a crossbreeding program for commercial geese production. Key words: Embden, Pilgrim; Chinese, Synthetic, Hungarian geese, crosses

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

scholarly journals DOMINANCE AND EPISTASIS IN HETEROSIS OF WHITE LEGHORN STRAIN CROSSES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. FAIRFULL ◽  
R. S. GOWE ◽  
J. NAGAI
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Better Than

Four unrelated pure strains of White Leghorns including a grandparent strain from industry and 12 two-strain, 24 three-strain, 24 four-strain and 12 F2 strain crosses produced contemporaneously were used to examine the role of dominance and epistasis in heterosis. A control strain and a commercial strain were also included. For egg weight, the heterosis observed closely approximated that expected due to dominance alone. For sexual maturity and body weight, dominance was the major component of heterosis, but epistasis made a significant contribution — additive by additive (A × A) genetic effects for sexual maturity and 140-d body weight, and parental epistasis for mature body weight. Both dominance and epistasis played a significant role in heterosis for egg production traits. A × A, dominance by dominance (D × D) and additive by dominance (A × D) epistasis were all important for hen-housed egg production and hen-housed egg yield. For hen-day rate of egg production, A × A epistasis was significant only early in the laying year (to 273 d), A × D and D × D were significant to 385 d and in the full year (to 497 d); however, none (A × A, A × D and D × D) was significant near the end of lay (386–497 d). Overall heterosis estimates for full year egg production measured as hen-housed egg production to 497 d or hen-day rate from housing to 497 d clearly showed that on average two-strain crosses were superior to three-strain crosses which were superior to four-strain crosses which in turn exceeded the F2 crosses. Nevertheless, several three-strain crosses had performance for egg production that was equal to or better than the two-strain cross with the highest egg production. Thus, in commerce, where the level of egg production is of great economic importance, the testing and use of a specific three-way cross combination will usually result in a better commercial product. Key words: Heterosis, egg production genetics, epistasis, stocking rate, strain cross, White Leghorn

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Kuroiler and Sasso Chicken Breeds Reared under On-farm and On-station Management Conditions in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Fadhili S. Guni ◽  
Said H. Mbaga ◽  
Andalwisye M. Katule
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Gxe Interaction ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production Rate ◽  
On Farm

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of management, breed, and their interaction on growth performance, egg production, and survivability under on-station and on-farm management conditions in Tanzania. A total of 1200 chicks, 600 for each breed, Kuroiler, and Sasso of mixed sexes were used. Birds under on-station management were confined and fed commercial ration throughout the experiment while those under on-farm management were allowed to semi-scavenge and supplemented with available feeds in the household. Brooding was carried out on-station for six weeks. Thereafter, birds were sub-divided for on-station and on-farm evaluation where data on body weight, egg production traits, and survival rate were taken at different ages from week 6 up to 52. The General Linear Models procedure fitting management, breed, and interaction between management and breed was used to analyze the data. Results show that management conditions had a significant influence on the performance of the breeds. Birds reared on-station performed better in all traits measured than those reared on-farm. The general effect of the breed was significant only for hen-day egg production (HDEP %) and hen-housed egg production (HHEP) in favour of Sasso chickens. Similarly, Sasso was more efficient at converting feed to live body weight. Interactions between management and breed were observed for all traits except peak egg production rate and mortality rate. While Sasso performance was better than that of Kuroiler on body weight, age at first egg, HDEP, age at peak egg production, and HHEP under the on-station management system, their performance in these traits were similar under the on-farm management except for body weight and age at first egg where Kuroiler was superior to Sasso. The survivability was also higher for Kuroiler than for Sasso under both management systems. It is concluded that genotype by environment (GxE) interaction had significant effects on the performance of the two breeds thus, a need to consider such effect when promoting them for either on-station or on-farm rearing.

scholarly journals Heritability Estimates of Adult Body Weight and Egg Production Traits in Indigenous Uttara Chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Singh ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
R. K. Sharma ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
B. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Adult Body Weight ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Alterations in plasma constituents, growth and egg production traits due to selection in three genotypes of Japanese quail

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Farahat ◽  
B. Y. Mahmoud ◽  
E. M. El-Komy ◽  
E. A. El-Full
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present investigation was carried out to estimate the effects of genotype and sex on growth and laying performance and assess the variations in plasma constituents in the tested genotypes and their relations with productive traits after four generations of selection. Data of growth and laying performance on 1440 females and males of Japanese quail were taken from the three quail genotypes: maternal (MG), long shank length (LSG28) and control (CG) genotypes. Genotype significantly affected all studied growth productive traits, favouring selected genotypes. The LSG28surpassed MG in total protein, albumin (Alb), globulin (Glob), triglycerides and Alb/Glob ratio and lowered both cholesterol and total lipids (TL). Sex significantly favoured females, which had higher body weight, longer shank length at 35 days of age and higher body weight gain during the period from 1 to 35 days of age. Females showed significantly higher concentrations of both Alb and TL than males. The MG exceeded LSG28in fertility and hatchability per cent. Correlations for both growth and productive traits with plasma constituents revealed inconsistent trends in either magnitude or direction. Four generations of selection resulted in substantial phenotypic improvements in most growth and productive traits, as well as plasma constituents studied in LSG28, and favoured MG in maturity, days needed to produce the first ten eggs, higher egg production per cent and heavier egg mass.

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