Effect of supplemental phytase and ideal dietary amino acid ratios in covered and hulless-barley-based diets on pig performance and excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen in manure

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Grandhi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid

A total of 144 (72 barrows + 72 gilts) crossbred pigs were used to determine the effect of feeding supplemental phytase and ideal dietary amino acid ratios in covered barley (CB) or hulless barley (HB)-based diets on growth performance, carcass quality, and excretion of phosphorus and nitrogen in manure during the grower and finisher periods. The three experimental grower and finisher diets were: 1) control diet (CB or HB) with Ca:P ratios according to National Research Counci l (NAS–NRC 1988), 2) the same as diet 1 but without added inorganic P, but supplemented with phytase (Novo Nordisk, Denmark) at 500 FTU kg–1, 3) the same as diet 2 with reduced dietary protein level, and supplemental amino acids lysine, threonine, and methionine to provide ideal dietary amino acid ratios of 0.70 for threonine to lysine and 0.30 for methionine to lysine. All diets were fed as pellets ad libitum in self-feeders with free access to drinking water. The ADG was not different (P > 0.10) between CB and HB or among the treatment diets during the grower, finisher and combined grower-finisher periods. The gain-to-feed ratios were higher (P < 0.01) for HB than for CB diets. They were also higher (P < 0.05) for diet 3 than for diet 1 during the finisher and combined grower-finisher periods. Carcass index and dressing percent were not different (P > 0.10) among the treatment diets. Supplemental phytase decreased (P < 0.05) the excretion of P during both grower and finisher periods. The combination of phytase and dietary ideal amino acid ratios decreased (P < 0.01) the excretion of both P and N. The ammonia and hydrogen sulphide production in stored liquid manure was not different among the diets 1, 2 and 3, and the urinary N excretion was closely related to ammonia production. These results indicate that replacing inorganic P with phytase and lowering the dietary protein level while supplementing amino acids in CB or HB diets can decrease the excretion of P up to 44.0% and N up to 28.0% in manure with no adverse effect on performanceof lean genotype pigs. Key words: Pigs, phytase, amino acids, phosphorus, nitrogen, excretion

Effect of dietary ideal amino acid ratios, and supplemental carbohydrase in hulless-bar ley-based diets on pig performance and nitrogen excretion in manure

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Grandhi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Sulphide Concentration ◽  
Pig Performance

Two experiments were conducted, using a total of 224 (112 barrows + 112 gilts) crossbred pigs, to determine the effect of dietary ideal amino acid ratios, and supplemental carbohydrase in hulless barley (HB) diets, on pig performance and N excretion in manure. The four experimental grower and finisher diets were 1) a covered-barley (CB) control diet, 2) a HB (cv. Condor) diet, 3) same as diet 2 except that the soybean meal was replaced with supplemental lysine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan, to provide ideal amino acid ratios of 0.65 for threonine to lysine and 0.30 for methionine to lysine, and 4) same as diet 3 with supplemental carbohydrase (RonozymeTM W) enzyme at 350 g t–1. All diets were fed ad libitum as pellets with free access to drinking water. The average daily gain (ADG) was not different (P > 0.10) between diets 1 and 2, or among diets 2, 3 and 4 during the grower or finisher periods. The feed conversion efficiency was higher (P < 0.01) for diets 3 and 4 than for diet 2 during the grower period, but it was higher (P < 0.05) only for diet 4 than diet 2 during the finisher and combined grower-finisher periods. Backfat thickness, carcass index and dressing % were not different (P > 0.10) among the diets. The absorption of dry matter (88.9 vs. 83.7%) and energy (87.8 vs. 84.1%) was greater (P < 0.05) for diet 2 than diet 1. The excretion of faecal dry matter was 31.6% lower (P < 0.01) for diet 2 than diet 1 during the finisher period. The N excretion was 22.0% lower in pigs fed diet 3 than diet 2. Ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide concentration in stored manure were not different (P > 0.10) among the diets, but ammonia production was positively correlated with urinary N excretion. These results indicated that feeding HB diets with supplemental amino acids minimises the excretion of both faecal dry matter and N with no adverse effect on the performance of lean-genotype pigs. Key words: Pigs, hulless-barley, amino acids, carbohydrase, nitrogen, manure

scholarly journals The effect of dietary crude protein content on apparent and true ileal nitrogen and amino acid digestibilities

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Donkoh ◽  
P. J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Protein Level

The effect of dietary protein content (25, 60, 95, 130, 165 and 200 g crude protein (N × 6.25)/kg diet) on the apparent and true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids in meat-and-bone meal given to the growing rat was investigated. Semi-synthetic diets in which meat-and-bone meal was the sole protein source were given to 180 g body-weight rats for 14 d. On the fourteenth day the rats were fed and then killed 4 h after the start of feeding and digesta were sampled from the terminal 200 mm ileum. Endogenous amino acid excretion was determined for eighteen rats given an enzymically hydrolysed casein (EHC)-based diet and with subsequent treatment of the digesta using ultrafiltration. The EHC-fed rats were killed 3 h after the start of feeding and digesta were collected from the terminal 200 mm ileum. True ileal digestibility values determined with reference to Cr as a marker were higher than the corresponding apparent estimates. Apparent digestibility values of N and amino acids increased significantly (P < 0.001) with increasing dietary protein level; however, dietary protein content had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the true ileal digestibilities of N and amino acids. The mean apparent ileal digestibility of N in meat-and-bone meal ranged from 65.6 to 75.3%. The corresponding range for the true ileal digestibility of N was 76.9 to 78.2%. True ileal digestibility, unlike apparent digestibility, appears to be independent of dietary protein level and may allow feed ingredients to be compared accurately even if they are ingested in different quantities.

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