Feeding motivation in swine: Relation with insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in portal and jugular blood, and involvement of cholecystokinin

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farmer ◽  
N. Roy ◽  
J. Rushen ◽  
S. Robert
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cck Receptor Antagonist

The control of feeding motivation was studied in eight castrated male pigs (92.9 ± 1.5 kg) surgically fitted with jugular and portal vein catheters. The first part of the experiment was set up as a cross-over design. Two weeks after surgery, four pigs were fasted for 24 h (FAST) while the remaining four were fed ad libitum (CTL). Three days later, the same procedure was repeated with the treatments reversed. Blood samples were collected every 4 h during the first 16 h of these two 24-h periods. After each 24-h period, pigs were subjected to a feed motivation test during which blood samples were obtained every 5 min for 60 min for CTL pigs and until 30 min after cessation of eating in FAST pigs. Three days later, the second part of the experiment was conducted. Five of the eight pigs were fasted for another 24 h, injected i.v. with 70 μg kg–1 BW of a cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor antagonist (MK-329), and subsequently subjected to a feed motivation test. Insulin, glucose and FFA concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in portal than jugular blood. Fasting decreased insulin concentrations in both portal and jugular blood, decreased glucose in portal blood only, and increased FFA in jugular blood only. The number of pushes (P < 0.05), duration of eating (P < 0.001) and amount of feed eaten during the feed motivation test (P < 0.01) were all increased by fasting, and were further increased with MK-329 injection. Results indicate that CCK is involved in the control of satiety in pigs and that concentrations of insulin, glucose and FFA in the jugular vein may not always be representative of concentrations in the portal vein. Key words: Swine, insulin, glucose, cholecystokinin, feeding motivation, fast

Effects of growth hormone-releasing factors and cottonseed meal on hormones and metabolites in plasma from lambs fed lucerne chaff ad libitum

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Sainz ◽  
BJ Hosking ◽  
FJ Hart ◽  
GSG Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study was part of an experiment on the effects of cottonseed meal (CSM) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) on growth in lambs fed lucerne chaff. Forty-eight crossbred lambs were fed lucerne chaff ad libitum, alone or with a cottonseed meal supplement (CSM; 300 g/day). Eight lambs from each group were injected twice daily with recombinant or synthetic GRF (rGRF and sGRF respectively; 30 8g per kg body weight/day) or excipient only for 28 or 30 days. Jugular blood samples were obtained on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. On day 29, blood samples were taken from selected lambs (n = 2/group) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 160 and 240 min after injection. Supplementation of lucerne chaff with CSM generally increased glucose and urea concentrations in plasma, reflecting improved energy and protein status. However, concentrations of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin were unaffected by CSM, as were plasma proteins, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids. Injection of rGRF and sGRF stimulated secretion of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin. Peak GH concentrations (20 min) following injection of GRF appeared to be higher in lambs fed CSM than in those receiving lucerne chaff alone. In contrast, maximal concentrations of IGF-1 were seen after 14 days of treatment. These changes were accompanied by increased plasma glucose, with no changes in triacylglycerols, non-esterified fatty acids and protein. Plasma urea was reduced by GRF, indicating that amino acids were diverted away from catabolism towards protein synthesis. These two sources of GRF were very similar in their endocrine and metabolic effects. This confirms similar observations regarding their effects on growth performance and carcass composition.

Central and peripheral adrenoceptors affect glucose, free fatty acids, and insulin in exercising rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (4) ◽  
pp. R547-R556 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Scheurink ◽  
A. B. Steffens ◽  
L. Benthem
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Counter Current ◽  
Lateral Area

The effects of intravenously and intrahypothalamically administered alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on exercise-induced alterations in blood glucose, plasma free fatty acids (FFA), and insulin were investigated in rats. Exercise consisted of strenuous swimming against a counter current for 15 min. Before, during, and after swimming, blood samples were withdrawn through a permanent heart catheter. Intravenous administration of the alpha-blocker phentolamine led to a reduction in glucose and a substantial increase in insulin levels. Infusion of phentolamine through permanent bilateral cannulas into either the ventromedial or lateral area of the hypothalamus (VMH and LHA, respectively) completely prevented the increase in glucose while the decline in insulin was unaffected. Infusion of phentolamine into the VMH caused much higher plasma FFA levels than in controls. The beta-blocker timolol given intravenously caused a delayed increase in glucose and prevented the increase in FFA. Infusion of timolol into either VMH or LHA caused a delay in the increase in both glucose and FFA. The results suggest that 1) both peripheral and hypothalamic adrenoceptors are involved in energy metabolism during exercise and 2) FFA, glucose, and insulin concentrations in blood are independently regulated by VMH and LHA.

Effects of an oat-based high-fibre diet on insulin, glucose, cortisol and free fatty acid concentrations in gilts

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rushen ◽  
S. Robert ◽  
C. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
Feeding Motivation ◽  
Cephalic Phase ◽  
High Fibre

AbstractTo understand the mechanism underlying the effect of high-fibre diets on feeding motivation and stereotypic behaviour in pigs, non-pregnant gilts were given either concentrate or a high-fibre diet based on oat hulls and blood samples were assayed for cortisol, glucose, insulin and free fatty acids. The duration of eating was much longer for gilts on the high-fibre diet than gilts given concentrates. Concentrations of cortisol increased with food delivery and this was most pronounced with the concentrate diet. Concentrations of free fatty acids decreased before feeding and those of glucose and insulin decreased temporarily immediately after feeding began. The diet had no marked effect on these changes, although the decrease for insulin was less evident for the concentrate diet. As feeding continued, free fatty acid concentrations decreased, while concentrations of insulin and glucose increased. The increase in glucose and insulin was fastest with the concentrate diet, although post-feeding peak values did not differ. Postprandial cortisol and free fatty acid concentrations did not differ between diets. There was no evidence of a pre-prandial cephalic phase insulin or glucose response to feeding in the gilts although concentrations of both hormones decreased immediately after the gilts began to eat. The high-fibre diet tended to delay the peak glucose and insulin response to meals, suggesting that the reduced feeding motivation following consumption of high-fibre diets does not involve the same mechanism as the increased satiety following increased energy intake. As well as reducing the occurrence of ster eoty pies, high-fibre diets decrease cortisol concentrations at feeding.

Use of plasma hormone and metabolite levels to predict breeding value of young bulls for butterfat production

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sejrsen ◽  
F. Larsen ◽  
B. B. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Ad Libitum

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the experiment was to investigate the possibility of using concentrations of hormones and metabolites in plasma of potential breeding bulls early in life as indirect selection criteria for butterfat production. Sixteen Red Danish bull calves were included in the experiment, 10 were offspring of parents selected for high butterfat production for two or three generations, and six were from parents selected for low butterfat yield. The average estimated relative breeding values of the calves in the two groups were 111 and 91.At 3·5 and 7 months of age blood samples were collected every 6 h during 2 days of ad libitum feeding, 5 days of fasting and 2 days of refeeding. The samples were analysed for glucose, urea, free fatty acids, insulin and thyroxine. At 3·5 months plasma concentrations of free fatty acids were significantly correlated with breeding value under all feeding conditions examined. The increase in plasma glucose during refeeding at both ages was positively related to breeding value. Plasma insulin during the 1st day of fasting was positively correlated with genetic merit at 3·5 months of age and negatively correlated at 7 months. Plasma thyroxine was negatively correlated with breeding value at both ages, but the correlation was only significant at 7 months. Multiple regression analyses showed that a large part of the variation in breeding value for butterfat production could be described by plasma levels of hormones and metabolites when more than one variable was included in the model. With six variables in the model 0·67 and 0·73 of the variation could be accounted for at 3·5 and 7 months of age respectively.The results of the experiment have to be considered with caution because only one sire was used per group, the parents were preselected, and the number of animals was small. The results, however, do indicate that plasma levels of hormones and metabolites in the early life of potential breeding bulls, measured after suitable physiological challenges, may be useful as selection criteria for butterfat production of their offspring.

Response of Slovak Spotted cattle to stresses evoked by physical stimuli and the administration of pharmaceutical agents

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
J. Jedliĉka ◽  
J. Mojto ◽  
J. Vanĉiŝin ◽  
E. Kmetová ◽  
S. Páleník
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents

ABSTRACTNine bulls of the Spotted Slovak breed were exposed to different stressful stimuli. The stimuli used were noise, electric shock and the administration of insulin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and the sedative xylazine (Rompun). The levels of glucocorticoids, free fatty acids and glucose were determined in blood samples obtained through a permanent, indwelling, jugular cannula. It was found that insulin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone and electric shock evoked significant increases in the concentration of glucocorticoids in the blood. Noise did not affect the blood level of glucocorticoids. The stimuli did not induce any change in the blood levels of free fatty acids. Blood glucose levels were increased following insulin, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, electric shock and xylazine but not following noise. Insulin, as expected, decreased the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Metabolism of Unesterified Fatty Acids (UFA) in Normal Dogs

1958 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Roheim ◽  
John J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Vein ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Abdominal Region

The source and disappearance of plasma UFA were studied in normal dogs by simultaneous lipid determinations in blood samples from the femoral artery, femoral vein, portal vein and hepatic vein. Marked and consistent veno-arterial and frequent portal vein-arterial differences were found indicating UFA liberation in the leg and in the abdominal region, due to either lipolysis or mobilization from fat depots. Differences between UFA content of the portal and hepatic veins and of the portal vein and femoral artery were also consistent, showing uptake of UFA by the liver. The abdominal region also took up UFA frequently as indicated by arterial-portal differences. Similar changes were not detectable in triglycerides, total and free cholesterols and phospholipids.

Specific depletion of body fat in parabiotic partners of tube-fed obese rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. R380-R386 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Harris ◽  
R. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reverse Triiodothyronine ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate ◽  
Normal Food

One member in each of 15 parabiosed pairs of rats was fed twice its normal food intake as four tube-fed meals per day. Seven other pairs ate ad libitum. Partners of overfed rats ate approximately 90% of the intake of individual members of ad libitum pairs. After 46 days of overfeeding, blood samples were taken and the rats were killed for carcass analysis. Tube-fed parabiotic rats had gained a considerable amount of fat and some protein. Their partners had a normal lean body mass but very little fat. Serum corticosterone, reverse triiodothyronine, free fatty acids, and beta-hydroxybutyrate were the same in all parabionts. Serum triiodothyronine and insulin were increased and growth hormone was decreased in obese rats. Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine were increased and glucose was decreased in their parabiotic partners. The results are discussed as evidence for a humoral factor that crossed the parabiotic union and acted as a "lipid-depleting" agent in the partners of overfed rats.

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