scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling and Data Analysis of Nmr Experiments Using Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolites

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. MRI.S11084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilhem Pagès ◽  
Philip W. Kuchel
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradient ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Rapid Imaging ◽  
Rf Pulses ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Hyperpolarized 13C ◽  
Rapid Dissolution ◽  
Made In ◽  
Critical Aspects

Rapid-dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has made significant impact in the characterization and understanding of metabolism that occurs on the sub-minute timescale in several diseases. While significant efforts have been made in developing applications, and in designing rapid-imaging radiofrequency (RF) and magnetic field gradient pulse sequences, very few groups have worked on implementing realistic mathematical/kinetic/relaxation models to fit the emergent data. The critical aspects to consider when modeling DNP experiments depend on both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and (bio)chemical kinetics. The former constraints are due to the relaxation of the NMR signal and the application of ‘read’ RF pulses, while the kinetic constraints include the total amount of each molecular species present. We describe the model-design strategy we have used to fit and interpret our DNP results. To our knowledge, this is the first report on a systematic analysis of DNP data.

scholarly journals Whither Magnetic Hyperthermia? A Tentative Roadmap

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 706
Author(s):  
Irene Rubia-Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio Santana-Otero ◽  
Simo Spassov ◽  
Etelka Tombácz ◽  
Christer Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Evolution Of Science ◽  
Made In ◽  
Critical Aspects

The scientific community has made great efforts in advancing magnetic hyperthermia for the last two decades after going through a sizeable research lapse from its establishment. All the progress made in various topics ranging from nanoparticle synthesis to biocompatibilization and in vivo testing have been seeking to push the forefront towards some new clinical trials. As many, they did not go at the expected pace. Today, fruitful international cooperation and the wisdom gain after a careful analysis of the lessons learned from seminal clinical trials allow us to have a future with better guarantees for a more definitive takeoff of this genuine nanotherapy against cancer. Deliberately giving prominence to a number of critical aspects, this opinion review offers a blend of state-of-the-art hints and glimpses into the future of the therapy, considering the expected evolution of science and technology behind magnetic hyperthermia.

scholarly journals Women’s Networking and Career Development: A Systematic Analysis of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
W. M. S. K. Wanigasekara
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Critical Aspects

Women behave differently from men in the development of their career. Additionally, women use networking relationships for advancement of their careers. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to analyze the different empirical views on barriers in women’s networking and its impact on their career development. The literature review comprises journal articles, conference proceedings and institutional reports by multidimensional organizations on the topic of women’s networking and their career development. This review article identifies five critical aspects in the literature as old boy’s networks, gender stereotype for networks, women network structure, network preference and attitude on women’s networking. Finally, this paper presents the deficiencies of existing literature and directions to future research.

Middlemen in Third-World Corruption: Implications of an Indian Case

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Third World ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Made In

Corruption—like the weather—is a phenomenon people in the third world talk about a great deal, and, it would seem, do little about. Scholars of political change in the third world share this interest, but—although they are usually not expected to deal with corruption itself —they should move beyond the recounting of vivid anecdotes to a more systematic analysis of the problem. Steps in this direction were made in the 1960s and 1970s, but surprisingly little more work has been done since.

scholarly journals Czy idea tak zwanej wtórnej legalności się broni?

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 401-420
Author(s):  
Jarosław Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Legal Culture ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Made In

Is the idea of so-called “secondary legality” defensible?The aim of the study is critical analysis of the idea of so-called “secondary legality” of an act used by some jurists to explain types of behaviour falling into the category of circumstances excluding lawlessness of an act justification, namely to define the relation between such types of behaviour and the legal system as a whole, and the various sanctioned norms that are part of the system. First, the author examines the relation between the assumption that a type of behaviour which falls within the category of circumstances excluding lawlessness of an act constitutes a legal transgression of the sanctioned norm, and the basic assumptions made in the Polish legal culture concerning the process of creation and application of the law as well as its systematic analysis. He demonstrates that consistent use of the secondary legality category would require a considerable remodelling of these assumptions, above all, rejection of the assumption that legal norms are introduced to be met as well as all consequences stemming from this assumption as well as abandonment of the approach to the law as a set of legal norms that is internally cohesive. Next, the author analyses the internal aspects of the idea of secondary legality of an act. He demonstrates that it encompasses contradictory statements: on the one hand that justifi able behaviour constitutes socially harmful, negative and thus a typical attack on legal interest, and on the other hand that the social benefits ultimately outweigh losses in the case of justifiable behaviour. All the above justifies the author’s final conclusion that the category of secondary legality of an act is not useful.

scholarly journals Membrane Technological Pathways and Inherent Structure of Bacterial Cellulose Composites for Drug Delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Alfred Mensah ◽  
Yajun Chen ◽  
Narh Christopher ◽  
Qufu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Cellulose Composites ◽  
Inherent Structure ◽  
Made In ◽  
Critical Aspects

This report summarizes efforts undertaken in the area of drug delivery, with a look at further efforts made in the area of bacterial cellulose (BC) biomedical applications in general. There are many current methodologies (past and present) for the creation of BC membrane composites custom-engineered with drug delivery functionality, with brief consideration for very close applications within the broader category of biomedicine. The most emphasis was placed on the crucial aspects that open the door to the possibility of drug delivery or the potential for use as drug carriers. Additionally, consideration has been given to laboratory explorations as well as already established BC-drug delivery systems (DDS) that are either on the market commercially or have been patented in anticipation of future commercialization. The cellulose producing strains, current synthesis and growth pathways, critical aspects and intrinsic morphological features of BC were given maximum consideration, among other crucial aspects of BC DDS.

Livy 40.51.9 and the Centuriate Assembly

1985 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Official Document ◽  
Single Sentence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

In 179 b.c. the censors M. Aemilius Lepidus and M. Fulvius Nobilior brought about a reform in the voting. The only evidence for this is a single sentence in Livy (40.51.9):mutarunt suffragia regionatimque generibus hominum causisque et quaestibus tribus discripseruntThe meaning of these words has often been discussed but never in a fully systematic manner. Further, the attempts to discover their meaning have always been made in an effort to throw light upon some other problem. They are thus transported into the historical context in question, such as the vicissitudes of the freedman vote or the reforms of the comitia centuriata. Yet the formulaic nature of the sentence and its virtual independence from its immediate context make it essential to examine it in its own right in order objectively to establish its meaning. Only then should the question of historical context be considered. The purpose here is to provide a systematic analysis of each element in this sentence. If the results of this are accepted it will become apparent that Livy 40.51.9 relates to central questions concerning the census and the centuriate assembly.As it stands the sentence is entirely divorced from what precedes and follows it, with the exception of the subject, the censors. Not only is there nothing in the surrounding context to explain it; there is nothing remotely comparable anywhere else in Livy. This, together with the precision of the language, the institutional content, and the formal and formulaic sound of the whole, suggests that Livy has either lifted the sentence out of an official document or is using the terminology characteristic of such documents.

Cross-polarization for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (39) ◽  
pp. 21407-21416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Batel ◽  
Alexander Däpp ◽  
Andreas Hunkeler ◽  
Beat H. Meier ◽  
Sebastian Kozerke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Cross Polarization ◽  
Rf Pulses ◽  
Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization

Investigation of DNP CP using a spin-thermodynamic model and optimization of CP in power-limited DNP probes using adiabatic RF pulses.

A Match Made in Heaven? Southern Evangelicalism and the Rise and Fall of Agrarian Populism in the 1890s

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-86
Author(s):  
Mattias Smångs ◽  
Kent Redding
Keyword(s):  
Third Party ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Partisan Politics ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
People's Party ◽  
Evangelical Protestantism ◽  
Southern Religion ◽  
Southern Society ◽  
Religion In The South ◽  
Made In

The agrarian populist movement of the late nineteenth century remains among the largest social movement and third-party revolts in American history. It embodied a full-scale critique and mobilization against the inequities of the Gilded Age, and its influence stretched well into the Progressive and New Deal eras. While most accounts of the movement and party’s emergence and rapid demise have centered on economic conditions and interests, we link movement and third-party emergence and failure to the institutional arena second only to partisan politics in its impact on southern society at large, namely organized religion, particularly evangelical Protestantism. This article offers the first systematic analysis of the extent to which organized religion in the South channeled the mobilization of agrarian populism. The results both support and contradict the argument that agrarian populism was rooted in organized southern religion by suggesting that evangelical Protestantism channeled the mobilization of the Farmers’ Alliance movement but not the People’s Party. While white southern evangelical religion served as a potent cultural resource and mobilizing structure for the movement, the move to partisan politics helped create a disjuncture between movement and party from which Populism never recovered.

scholarly journals Dynamic nuclear polarization in a magnetic resonance force microscope experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 8806-8819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne E. Issac ◽  
Christine M. Gleave ◽  
Paméla T. Nasr ◽  
Hoang L. Nguyen ◽  
Elizabeth A. Curley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Field Gradient ◽  
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradient ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Force Microscope

Microwave-assisted dynamic nuclear polarization in a magnetic field gradient using magnetic resonance force microscopy.

scholarly journals Monitoring urea transport in rat kidney in vivo using hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (12) ◽  
pp. F1658-F1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius von Morze ◽  
Robert A. Bok ◽  
Jeff M. Sands ◽  
John Kurhanewicz ◽  
Daniel B. Vigneron
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hyperpolarized 13C ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Medullary Collecting Duct

Urea functions as a key osmolyte in the urinary concentrating mechanism of the inner medulla. The urea transporter UT-A1 is upregulated by antidiuretic hormone, facilitating faster equilibration of urea between the lumen and interstitium of the inner medullary collecting duct, resulting in the formation of more highly concentrated urine. New methods in dynamic nuclear polarization, providing ∼50,000-fold enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance signals in the liquid state, offer a novel means to monitor this process in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, we detected significant signal differences in the rat kidney between acute diuretic and antidiuretic states, using dynamic 13C magnetic resonance imaging following a bolus infusion of hyperpolarized [13C]urea. More rapid medullary enhancement was observed under antidiuresis, consistent with known upregulation of UT-A1.

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