scholarly journals Contralateral Deafferentation Does Not Affect Regeneration Processes in the Auditory System of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera)

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. JEN.S6684
Author(s):  
Silke Krüger ◽  
Reinhard Lakes-Harlan
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Auditory Afferents ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Afferents ◽  
Regenerated Fibers ◽  
Reduced Density ◽  
Regeneration Processes

The auditory system of locusts has high regeneration capacity following injury of the peripheral afferents. Regenerating auditory afferents can re-innervate their target areas even after changed neuronal pathways. Here, possible influences of contralateral deafferentation on regenerating afferents were investigated. Contralateral deafferentation was performed at different stages of the regeneration. Regeneration was triggered by crushing the tympanal nerve. The regenerated fibers showed aberrant fiber outgrowth, reduced density of terminations in the target area, the auditory neuropile and collateral sprouts crossing the midline. However, these results were not significantly influenced by the contralateral deafferentation. Therefore the bilateral symmetrical systems seem to be largely independent from each other.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Expression Changes During Compensatory Plasticity in the Central Nervous System of the Adult Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus: I. Auditory System Plasticity in the Prothoracic Ganglia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Wang ◽  
Harrison Fisher ◽  
Maeve Morse ◽  
Lisa L. Ledwidge ◽  
Jack O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Prothoracic Ganglion ◽  
Auditory Afferents ◽  
Go Terms

Abstract Most adult organisms are limited in their capacity to recover from neurological damage. The auditory system of the Mediterranean field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, presents a compelling model for investigating neuroplasticity due to its unusual capabilities for structural reorganization into adulthood. Specifically, the dendrites of the central auditory neurons of the prothoracic ganglion sprout in response to the loss of auditory afferents. Deafferented auditory dendrites grow across the midline, a boundary they normally respect, and form functional synapses with the contralateral auditory afferents, restoring tuning-curve specificity. The molecular pathways underlying these changes are entirely unknown. Here, we used a multiple k-mer approach to re-assemble a previously reported prothoracic ganglion transcriptome that included ganglia collected one, three, and seven days after unilateral deafferentation in adult, male animals. We used EdgeR and DESeq2 to perform differential expression analysis and we examined Gene Ontologies to further understand the potential molecular basis of this compensatory anatomical plasticity. Enriched GO terms included those related to protein translation and degradation, enzymatic activity, and Toll signaling. Extracellular space GO terms were also enriched and included the upregulation of several protein yellow family members one day after deafferentation. Investigation of these regulated GO terms help to provide a broader understanding of the types of pathways that might be involved in this compensatory growth and can be used to design hypotheses around identified molecular mechanisms that may be involved in this unique example of adult structural plasticity.

scholarly journals Comparative Studies of In Vitro Regeneration Capacity in Some Breeding Forms of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00055
Author(s):  
Irina Mitrofanova ◽  
Nina Lesnikova-Sedoshenko ◽  
Olga Mitrofanova ◽  
Anatoliy Smykov ◽  
Svetlana Chelombit
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
Morphogenic Callus ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Hybrid Forms

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] is one of the most important stone fruit crops in the world. Preservation of valuable genotypes and creation of new breeding forms need the effective methods for plant propagation. Biotechnological method makes it possible to multiply valuable genotypes in vitro and produce high-quality plant material. Plantlets were obtained from hybrid peach embryos in five cross combinations. The induction of morphogenesis and the studies of regenerative capacity were carried out on culture media Murashige, Skoog (MS) and Gamborg, Eveleigh (B5) with vitamins and plant growth regulators. The segments of plantlets with 2-3 internodes were placed on MS and B5 media. Use of B5 medium with 0.75-1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 0.1 mg L-1 IBA induced organogenesis in the studied hybrid forms. The microshoots of the hybrid form ‘Summerglo’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ had a high regeneration capacity. In the forms ‘Persey’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ and ‘KAT 92-2210’ × ‘Nikitskiy Podarok’ low regeneration capacity was noted. An increase in BAP concentration resulted in formation of hydrated microshoots and non-morphogenic callus. It was determined that to obtain normal peach microshoots, the optimal culture parameters were a temperature of 24 ± 1oC, 16-hour photoperiod, and 37.5 μM m-2s-1 light intensity.

Lithium orthosilicate for CO2 capture with high regeneration capacity: Kinetic study and modeling of carbonation and decarbonation reactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suélen M. Amorim ◽  
Michele D. Domenico ◽  
Tirzhá L.P. Dantas ◽  
Humberto J. José ◽  
Regina F.P.M. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Lithium Orthosilicate

High regeneration capacity helps tropical seeds to counter rodent predation

Oecologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Cao ◽  
Zhishu Xiao ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Cong Guo ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Tropical Seeds

scholarly journals Modulation of Organogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis by Ethylene: An Overview

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Mariana Neves ◽  
Sandra Correia ◽  
Carlos Cavaleiro ◽  
Jorge Canhoto
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Hormonal Crosstalk ◽  
Erf Family ◽  
Signaling Components

Ethylene is a plant hormone controlling physiological and developmental processes such as fruit maturation, hairy root formation, and leaf abscission. Its effect on regeneration systems, such as organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE), has been studied, and progress in molecular biology techniques have contributed to unveiling the mechanisms behind its effects. The influence of ethylene on regeneration should not be overlooked. This compound affects regeneration differently, depending on the species, genotype, and explant. In some species, ethylene seems to revert recalcitrance in genotypes with low regeneration capacity. However, its effect is not additive, since in genotypes with high regeneration capacity this ability decreases in the presence of ethylene precursors, suggesting that regeneration is modulated by ethylene. Several lines of evidence have shown that the role of ethylene in regeneration is markedly connected to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as to hormonal-crosstalk, in particular with key regeneration hormones and growth regulators of the auxin and cytokinin families. Transcriptional factors of the ethylene response factor (ERF) family are regulated by ethylene and strongly connected to SE induction. Thus, an evident connection between ethylene, stress responses, and regeneration capacity is markedly established. In this review the effect of ethylene and the way it interacts with other players during organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is discussed. Further studies on the regulation of ERF gene expression induced by ethylene during regeneration can contribute to new insights on the exact role of ethylene in these processes. A possible role in epigenetic modifications should be considered, since some ethylene signaling components are directly related to histone acetylation.

scholarly journals In VitroPlant Regeneration from Commercial Cultivars of Soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Raza ◽  
Mohan B. Singh ◽  
Prem L. Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Cotyledonary Node ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
Regeneration Response

Soybean, a major legume crop, is the source of vegetable oil and protein. There is a need for transgenic approaches to breeding superior soybean varieties to meet future climate challenges. Efficient plant regeneration is a prerequisite for successful application of genetic transformation technology. Soybean cultivars are classified into different maturity groups based on photoperiod requirements. In this study, nine soybean varieties belonging to different maturity group were regenerated successfully from three different explants: half split hypocotyl, complete hypocotyl, and cotyledonary node. All the genotypes and explant types responded by producing adventitious shoots. Shoot induction potential ranged within 60–87%, 50–100%, and 75–100%, and regeneration rate ranged within 4.2–10, 2.7–4.2, and 2.6–10.5 shoots per explant using half split hypocotyl, complete hypocotyl, and cotyledonary explants, respectively, among all the tested genotypes. Bunya variety showed the best regeneration response using half split and complete hypocotyl explants and the PNR791 with cotyledonary node. The regenerated shoots were successfully rooted and acclimatized to glasshouse conditions. This study shows that commercial varieties of soybean are amenable to shoot regeneration with high regeneration frequencies and could be exploited for genetic transformation. Further, our results show no correlation between shoots regeneration capacity with the maturity grouping of the soybean cultivars tested.

Effect of conditioning apple shoots with meta-topolin on the morphogenic activity of in vitro leaves

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dobránszki ◽  
K. Magyar-Tábori ◽  
E. Jámbor-Benczúr ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Leaf Segment ◽  
Regeneration Capacity ◽  
Aromatic Cytokinin ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
High Regeneration ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
Pre Treatment

The effects of a new type of aromatic cytokinin, meta-topolin, on the morphology and histology of apple leaves and its post-effects on the subsequent shoot regeneration from in vitro leaves were studied in cv. Royal Gala. The media applied for pre-treatment differed from each other in their cytokinin composition: medium No. 1 contained no cytokinin, No. 2 was supplemented with 0.5 mg l-1 benzyladenine, while Nos. 3-6 contained meta-topolin, the new type of cytokinin, in four concentrations (0.5-1.0-1.5-2.0 mg l-1). After a 3-week pre-treatment on these media shoot regeneration was induced on two test regeneration media containing thidiazuron (0.2 mg l-1) or benzyladenine (5.0 mg l-1). Irrespective of the pre-treatments, high regeneration (97-100%) was observed on all the regeneration media. however, the conditioning of apple shoots for three weeks on medium supplemented with meta-topolin in a concentration range between 0.5 and 1.5 mg l-1 caused a significant decrease in the rate of vitrified shoots (down to 13.4%) and increased the number of regenerated shoots per leaf segment significantly (up to 15.1). There was a positive correlation between the histological status and regeneration capacity of in vitro leaves. According to these results, meta-topolin, as a new source of cytokinin, could increase the morphogenic potential of apple leaves.

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