Changes in the auditory system of locusts (Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria) after deafferentation

1990 ◽  
Vol 166 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Lakes ◽  
Klaus Kalmring ◽  
Karl-Heinz Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria

THE POTENTIAL OF BACTERIA FOR THE MICROBIAL CONTROL OF GRASSHOPPERS AND LOCUSTS

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (S171) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zelazny ◽  
M.S. Goettel ◽  
B. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Serratia Marcescens ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
The Many

AbstractBacteria have been implicated in disease epizootics observed in field populations and laboratory-reared locusts and grasshoppers. Two species [Serratia marcescens Bizio and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Schroeter) Migula] consistently infect locusts when ingested with food and can spread in laboratory populations. However, research on developing these organisms for microbial control of locusts and grasshoppers begun in the 1950s has not been continued. In recent years strains of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner have been studied for activity against locusts and grasshoppers. Results of additional trials by the authors are reported. Among 393 B. thuringiensis isolates and 93 preparations of other sporeforming bacteria fed to nymphs of Locusta migratoria (L.) and/or Schistocerca gregaria Forsk., none has shown any pathogenicity to the insects. The recent discovery of novel B. thuringiensis strains active against various diverse pests and the many properties of a sporeforming bacterium that satisfy the requirements for a microbial control agent, and the development of Serratia entomophila as a promising agent for control of grass grubs, provide incentive to continue the search for an orthopteran-active sporeforming bacterium and to re-investigate the potential of non-sporeforming bacterial pathogens as microbial control agents of grasshoppers and locusts.

scholarly journals Screening and potent applicability analysis of commonly used pesticides against desert locust: an integrative entomo-informatics approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Banik ◽  
Md. Fuad Mondal ◽  
Md. Mostafigur Rahman Khan ◽  
Sheikh Rashel Ahmed ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
List Type ◽  
Agricultural Pesticides ◽  
Global Threat

AbstractThe locust problem is a global threat for food security. Locusts can fly and migrate overseas within a zip and creating a large-scale devastation to the diversified agro-ecosystem. GIS based analysis showed the recent movement of locusts, among them Schistocerca gregaria and Locusta migratoria are predominant in Indian subcontinent and are found more notorious and devastating one. This devastation needs to be stopped to save human race from food deprivation. In our study, we screened some commonly used agricultural pesticides and strongly recommended three of them viz. biphenthrin, diafenthiuron and silafluofen which might be potential to control the desert locusts based on their binding affinity towards the locust’s survival proteins. Our phylogenetic analysis reveals that these three recommended pesticides might also show potency to the other locust species as well as they are also way safer than the other commercially available pesticides. These proposed pesticide’s bioactive analogs from fungus and bacteria may also show efficacy as next generation controlling measures of locust as well as different kind of pests. These recommended pesticides are expected to be highly effective against locusts and needs to bring forward by the entomologists’ by performing experimental field trials.HighlightsGIS map unmasked the 2020 migratory pattern of locusts which now predominant towards Indian subcontinent.Biphenthrin, diafenthiuron and silafluofen showed maximum binding affinity.Biphenthrin and diafenthiuron were relatively safer than silafluofen.Bioactive analogs from fungus and bacteria could be an alternative to control locusts.Pesticides inhibition hotspots for desert locusts were unrevealed.

The Cumulative Toxicity of Diniteo-O-cresol applied in Small Doses to Locusts

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. MacCuaig ◽  
K. F. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Relative Susceptibility ◽  
Lethal Doses

SummaryBy the method of attacking flying swarms of locusts with insecticides sprayed directly into the swarm by relays of light aircraft, a proportion of the swarm receives a sub-lethal dose from each sortie. For successful operation it is essential that a substantial contribution to the final mortality should be produced by the accumulation of these sub-lethal doses on individual insects over a period of time. The object of the present experiments was to determine whether such doses applied at intervals are wholly additive in their effects. The poison used was dinitro-o-cresol (Mk. IV DNC solution) and to shorten the experimental procedure, the locusts, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) and Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R. & F.), were dosed by means of a single drop of poison applied to the ventral surface of the abdomen by a micro-drop syringe.When locusts are given regular daily doses of DNC the doses are not wholly cumulative in their effect. After the second or third day the lethal effect of each dose becomes steadily less, and after the fourth or fifth day it tends to zero, representing a steady state in which the rates of application and loss of insecticidal activity in the survivors are equal.When the dose is applied in two halves with various time intervals between them, the cumulative effect during the first 24 hours is less in S. gregaria than in L. migratoria. In the latter species it is possible that sensitisation occurs. After three days, the first half-dose has fallen to an estimated 20 per cent, of its initial effectiveness in each species.These two species are equally susceptible to a single dose expressed as μg. DNC/g. body weight. The females are more resistant than the males to daily doses (relative susceptibility in S. gregaria, 1·54) but probably not to single doses (relative susceptibility, 1·09).Resistance to a daily dose correlates roughly with resistance to a single dose, the total dose required to produce 50 per cent, mortality in four days being about twice the LD50 for a single dose.If flight activity does not materially alter the present results, it is evident that the non-cumulative effects of sub-lethal doses could cause a serious loss in the efficiency of an air-spray operation if it were unduly prolonged. Thus a quantity of insecticide sufficient to kill over 99 per cent, of the locusts if applied as a single dose would kill less than 40 per cent, if the application were spread over four days.

Peptides in the Locusts, Locusta migratoria and Schistocerca gregaria

Peptides ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Schoofs ◽  
Dirk Veelaert ◽  
Jozef Vanden Broeck ◽  
Arnold De Loof
Keyword(s):  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria

Operational Aspects of Locust Control

1966 ◽  
Vol 70 (672) ◽  
pp. 1077-1081
Author(s):  
D. Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Schistocerca Gregaria ◽  
Locusta Migratoria ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Nomadacris Septemfasciata ◽  
Red Locust ◽  
Migratory Locust ◽  
Locusta Migratoria Migratorioides ◽  
The World ◽  
Locust Control

The crops of every continent of the world have been devastated from time to time by locusts or grasshoppers. To mention three major locust species, the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaria Forsk.) has caused havoc in a broad band of the world stretching from East Pakistan to Senegal and from the Mediterranean to Central Africa, the Red Locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata Serv.) has infested East, Central and Southern Africa, and the African Migratory Locust (Locusta migratoria migratorioides Rch. and Frm.) has plagued most of Africa south of the Sahara.What happens in one part of a plague area can significantly affect the situation in others and locust control is therefore an international problem, requiring international co-operation. Many of the threatened areas are countries where standards of living are not high and local agriculture is a mainstay of the economy; the regions are often inhospitable and lack modern roads, aerodromes and lines of communication.

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