scholarly journals Assessment of Navel Oranges, Clementine Tangerines, and Rutaceous Fruits as Hosts of Bactrocera cucurbitae and Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S20069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant T. Mcquate ◽  
Peter A. Follett ◽  
Nicanor J. Liquido ◽  
Charmaine D. Sylva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Literature Report ◽  
Melon Fly ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Bactrocera Latifrons ◽  
Citrus Spp

Export of Citrus spp. fruits may require risk mitigation measures if grown in areas with established tephritid fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) populations capable of infesting the fruits. The host status of Citrus spp. fruits is unclear for two tephritid fruit fly species whose geographic ranges have expanded in recent years: melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Cocquillett), and Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel). In no choice cage infestation studies, B. latifrons oviposited into intact and punctured Washington navel oranges ( Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck) and Clementine tangerines ( C. reticulata L. var. Clementine), but eggs rarely developed to the adult stage. B. cucurbitae readily infested intact and punctured tangerines, and to a lesser extent punctured oranges, but did not infest intact oranges. Limited cage infestation and only a single literature report of field Citrus spp. infestation suggest that risk mitigation of Citrus spp. for B. latifrons is not needed. Risk mitigation options of Citrus spp. for B. cucurbitae, including heat and cold treatments and systems approaches, are discussed.

Oral and Topical Toxicity of Fipronil to Melon Fly and Oriental Fruit Fly (Diptera:Tephritidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Stark ◽  
Roger Vargas ◽  
Neil Miller ◽  
Nancy Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Melon Fly ◽  
Attract And Kill ◽  
Route Of Exposure ◽  
Protein Bait

The objective of this study was to develop oral and topical toxicity data for fipronil in Solulys protein bait to wild melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), and the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). For the oral study, both females and males were evaluated, whereas in the contact study only females were evaluated. The 24 h oral LC50 estimates for female B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis were 113 and 108 mg ai/l, respectively. Female B. cucurbitae were more susceptible than males, but female and male B. dorsalis were equally susceptible to fipronil after the oral route of exposure. Female B. cucurbitae were significantly less susceptible to the fipronil-bait mixture after topical exposure compared with feeding exposure. However, female B. dorsalis were equally susceptible to either route of exposure. At the LC50, B. dorsalis was significantly more susceptible than B. cucurbitae by the topical route of exposure. At the LC90, B. dorsalis was significantly more susceptible than B. cucurbitae by both oral and topical routes of exposure. Results of this study indicate that there are differences In susceptibility between B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis to fipronil, especially at the LC90. Bactrocera dorsalis was more susceptible to fipronil than B. cucurbitae by oral and topical routes of exposure. LC90 estimates were significantly lower than the 5,333 mg ai/l applied to Amulet Attract and Kill Stations for control of B. cucurbitae and B. dorsalis.

scholarly journals Melon Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae), Infestation in Host Fruits in the Southwestern Islands of Japan before the Initiation of Island-wide Population Suppression, as Recorded in Publications of Japanese Public Institutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. IJIS.S24582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant T. Mcquate ◽  
Tadashi Teruya
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Bactrocera Cucurbitae ◽  
Melon Fly ◽  
Eradication Program ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Temperate Asia

Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) is a tephritid fruit fly native to the Indo-Malayan region. Its distribution, though, has extended to include Africa, temperate Asia, and a number of Pacific islands. It became established in Japan in 1919 in the Yaeyama Islands and spread north in the Southwestern Islands of Japan. It was subsequently eradicated from these islands by an eradication program that extended from 1972 to 1993. As part of an effort to develop a worldwide database on the status of fruits as hosts of melon fly, the infestation data gathered from host fruits collected in this eradication program, before the initiation of suppression activities, are summarized here. Bactrocera cucurbitae infestation was documented in 24 plant taxa of four plant families (Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, and Solanaceae), with the following four new hosts identified: Ficus erecta Thunb., F. pumila L. (Moraceae), Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae), and Zehneria liukiuensis Jeffrey ex Walker (Cucurbitaceae).

scholarly journals Travel Demand Prediction during COVID-19 Pandemic: Educational and Working Trips at the University of Padova

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6596
Author(s):  
Riccardo Ceccato ◽  
Riccardo Rossi ◽  
Massimiliano Gastaldi
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Demand Prediction ◽  
Travel Decisions ◽  
The University

The diffusion of the COVID-19 pandemic has induced fundamental changes in travel habits. Although many previous authors have analysed factors affecting observed variations in travel demand, only a few works have focused on predictions of future new normal conditions when people will be allowed to decide whether to travel or not, although risk mitigation measures will still be enforced on vehicles, and innovative mobility services will be implemented. In addition, few authors have considered future mandatory trips of students that constitute a great part of everyday travels and are fundamental for the development of society. In this paper, logistic regression models were calibrated by using data from a revealed and stated-preferences mobility survey administered to students and employees at the University of Padova (Italy), to predict variables impacting on their decisions to perform educational and working trips in the new normal phase. Results highlighted that these factors are different between students and employees; furthermore, available travel alternatives and specific risk mitigation measures on vehicles were found to be significant. Moreover, the promotion of the use of bikes, as well as bike sharing, car pooling and micro mobility among students can effectively foster sustainable mobility habits. On the other hand, countermeasures on studying/working places resulted in a slight effect on travel decisions.

scholarly journals Host Suitability Index for Polyphagous Tephritid Fruit Flies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A Follett ◽  
Fay E M Haynes ◽  
Bernard C Dominiak
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Infestation Rate ◽  
Suitability Index ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Tephritid fruit flies are major economic pests for fruit production and are an impediment to international trade. Different host fruits are known to vary in their suitability for fruit flies to complete their life cycle. Currently, international regulatory standards that define the likely legal host status for tephritid fruit flies categorize fruits as a natural host, a conditional host, or a nonhost. For those fruits that are natural or conditional hosts, infestation rate can vary as a spectrum ranging from highly attractive fruits supporting large numbers of fruit flies to very poor hosts supporting low numbers. Here, we propose a Host Suitability Index (HSI), which divides the host status of natural and conditional hosts into five categories based on the log infestation rate (number of flies per kilogram of fruit) ranging from very poor (<0.1), poor (0.1–1.0), moderately good (1.0–10.0), good (10–100), and very good (>100). Infestation rates may be determined by field sampling or cage infestation studies. We illustrate the concept of this index using 21 papers that examine the host status of fruits in five species of polyphagous fruit flies in the Pacific region: Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel), Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). This general-purpose index may be useful in developing systems approaches that rely on poor host status, for determining surveillance and detection protocols for potential incursions, and to guide the appropriate regulatory response during fruit fly outbreaks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document