scholarly journals Organ-on-a-Chip: New Platform for Biological Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. ACI.S28905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan An ◽  
Yueyang Qu ◽  
Xianming Liu ◽  
Runtao Zhong ◽  
Yong Luo
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Fast Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Organ On A Chip ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Detection Schemes

Direct detection and analysis of biomolecules and cells in physiological microenvironment is urgently needed for fast evaluation of biology and pharmacy. The past several years have witnessed remarkable development opportunities in vitro organs and tissues models with multiple functions based on microfluidic devices, termed as “organ-on-a-chip”. Briefly speaking, it is a promising technology in rebuilding physiological functions of tissues and organs, featuring mammalian cell co-culture and artificial microenvironment created by microchannel networks. In this review, we summarized the advances in studies of heart-, vessel-, liver-, neuron-, kidney- and Multi-organs-on-a-chip, and discussed some noteworthy potential on-chip detection schemes.

scholarly journals 3D In Vitro Human Organ Mimicry Devices for Drug Discovery, Development, and Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-41
Author(s):  
Aida Rodriguez-Garcia ◽  
Jacqueline Oliva-Ramirez ◽  
Claudia Bautista-Flores ◽  
Samira Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Human Organ ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
On Chip

The past few decades have shown significant advancement as complex in vitro humanized systems have substituted animal trials and 2D in vitro studies. 3D humanized platforms mimic the organs of interest with their stimulations (physical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical). Organ-on-chip devices, including in vitro modelling of 3D organoids, 3D microfabrication, and 3D bioprinted platforms, play an essential role in drug discovery, testing, and assessment. In this article, a thorough review is provided of the latest advancements in the area of organ-on-chip devices targeting liver, kidney, lung, gut, heart, skin, and brain mimicry devices for drug discovery, development, and/or assessment. The current strategies, fabrication methods, and the specific application of each device, as well as the advantages and disadvantages, are presented for each reported platform. This comprehensive review also provides some insights on the challenges and future perspectives for the further advancement of each organ-on-chip device.

scholarly journals The translational roadmap of the gut models, focusing on gut-on-chip

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Giulia Malaguarnera ◽  
Miriam Graute ◽  
Antoni Homs Corbera
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Translational Research ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Pharmacological Tests ◽  
Intestinal Physiology ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Physiological Systems

It is difficult to model in vitro the intestine when seeking to include crosstalk with the gut microbiota, immune and neuroendocrine systems. Here we present a roadmap of the current models to facilitate the choice in preclinical and translational research with a focus on gut-on-chip. These micro physiological systems (MPS) are microfluidic devices that recapitulate in vitro the physiology of the intestine. We reviewed the gut-on-chips that had been developed in academia and industries as single chip and that have three main purpose: replicate the intestinal physiology, the intestinal pathological features, and for pharmacological tests.

scholarly journals The Tumor-on-Chip: Recent Advances in the Development of Microfluidic Systems to Recapitulate the Physiology of Solid Tumors

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 2945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago ◽  
Brenda Giselle Flores-Garza ◽  
Jorge Alfonso Tavares-Negrete ◽  
Itzel Montserrat Lara-Mayorga ◽  
Ivonne González-Gamboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Research ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Microfluidic Systems ◽  
Cancer Etiology ◽  
Culture Systems ◽  
On Chip

The ideal in vitro recreation of the micro-tumor niche—although much needed for a better understanding of cancer etiology and development of better anticancer therapies—is highly challenging. Tumors are complex three-dimensional (3D) tissues that establish a dynamic cross-talk with the surrounding tissues through complex chemical signaling. An extensive body of experimental evidence has established that 3D culture systems more closely recapitulate the architecture and the physiology of human solid tumors when compared with traditional 2D systems. Moreover, conventional 3D culture systems fail to recreate the dynamics of the tumor niche. Tumor-on-chip systems, which are microfluidic devices that aim to recreate relevant features of the tumor physiology, have recently emerged as powerful tools in cancer research. In tumor-on-chip systems, the use of microfluidics adds another dimension of physiological mimicry by allowing a continuous feed of nutrients (and pharmaceutical compounds). Here, we discuss recently published literature related to the culture of solid tumor-like tissues in microfluidic systems (tumor-on-chip devices). Our aim is to provide the readers with an overview of the state of the art on this particular theme and to illustrate the toolbox available today for engineering tumor-like structures (and their environments) in microfluidic devices. The suitability of tumor-on-chip devices is increasing in many areas of cancer research, including the study of the physiology of solid tumors, the screening of novel anticancer pharmaceutical compounds before resourcing to animal models, and the development of personalized treatments. In the years to come, additive manufacturing (3D bioprinting and 3D printing), computational fluid dynamics, and medium- to high-throughput omics will become powerful enablers of a new wave of more sophisticated and effective tumor-on-chip devices.

scholarly journals The Progress of Intestinal Epithelial Models from Cell Lines to Gut-On-Chip

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13472
Author(s):  
Shafaque Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Ghiboub ◽  
Joanne M. Donkers ◽  
Evita van de Steeg ◽  
Eric A. F. van Tol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
The Past ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
On Chip

Over the past years, several preclinical in vitro and ex vivo models have been developed that helped to understand some of the critical aspects of intestinal functions in health and disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the translation to the human in vivo situation remains problematic. The main reason for this is that these approaches fail to fully reflect the multifactorial and complex in vivo environment (e.g., including microbiota, nutrition, and immune response) in the gut system. Although conventional models such as cell lines, Ussing chamber, and the everted sac are still used, increasingly more sophisticated intestinal models have been developed over the past years including organoids, InTESTine™ and microfluidic gut-on-chip. In this review, we gathered the most recent insights on the setup, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of most frequently used in vitro and ex vivo models to study intestinal physiology and functions in health and disease.

scholarly journals How Microgels Can Improve the Impact of Organ-on-Chip and Microfluidic Devices for 3D Culture: Compartmentalization, Single Cell Encapsulation and Control on Cell Fate

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3216
Author(s):  
Simona Argentiere ◽  
Pietro Aleardo Siciliano ◽  
Laura Blasi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Cell Encapsulation ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hydrogel Matrix ◽  
Cellular Microenvironments ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Impact

The Organ-on-chip (OOC) devices represent the new frontier in biomedical research to produce micro-organoids and tissues for drug testing and regenerative medicine. The development of such miniaturized models requires the 3D culture of multiple cell types in a highly controlled microenvironment, opening new challenges in reproducing the extracellular matrix (ECM) experienced by cells in vivo. In this regard, cell-laden microgels (CLMs) represent a promising tool for 3D cell culturing and on-chip generation of micro-organs. The engineering of hydrogel matrix with properly balanced biochemical and biophysical cues enables the formation of tunable 3D cellular microenvironments and long-term in vitro cultures. This focused review provides an overview of the most recent applications of CLMs in microfluidic devices for organoids formation, highlighting microgels’ roles in OOC development as well as insights into future research.

scholarly journals Femtosecond Laser-Based Integration of Nano-Membranes into Organ-on-a-Chip Systems

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3076
Author(s):  
Liubov Bakhchova ◽  
Linas Jonušauskas ◽  
Dovilė Andrijec ◽  
Marharyta Kurachkina ◽  
Tomas Baravykas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Channel System ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Laser Lithography ◽  
Functional Part ◽  
Chip Fabrication ◽  
Organ On A Chip ◽  
On Chip

Organ-on-a-chip devices are gaining popularity in medical research due to the possibility of performing extremely complex living-body-resembling research in vitro. For this reason, there is a substantial drive in developing technologies capable of producing such structures in a simple and, at the same time, flexible manner. One of the primary challenges in producing organ-on-chip devices from a manufacturing standpoint is the prevalence of layer-by-layer bonding techniques, which result in limitations relating to the applicable materials and geometries and limited repeatability. In this work, we present an improved approach, using three dimensional (3D) laser lithography for the direct integration of a functional part—the membrane—into a closed-channel system. We show that it allows the freely choice of the geometry of the membrane and its integration into a complete organ-on-a-chip system. Considerations relating to sample preparation, the writing process, and the final preparation for operation are given. Overall, we consider that the broader application of 3D laser lithography in organ-on-a-chip fabrication is the next logical step in this field’s evolution.

Review of Microfluidic Devices for On-Chip Chemical Sensing

2016 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Takahiro Watanabe ◽  
Fumihiro Sassa ◽  
Yoshitaka Yoshizumi ◽  
Hiroaki Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
On Chip

Bioengineered in vitro Vascular Models for Applications in Interventional Radiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (45) ◽  
pp. 5367-5374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Seyed M. Moosavi-Basri ◽  
Rahul Sheth ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Yu S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
Vascular Structures

The role of endovascular interventions has progressed rapidly over the past several decades. While animal models have long-served as the mainstay for the advancement of this field, the use of in vitro models has become increasingly widely adopted with recent advances in engineering technologies. Here, we review the strategies, mainly including bioprinting and microfabrication, which allow for fabrication of biomimetic vascular models that will potentially serve to supplement the conventional animal models for convenient investigations of endovascular interventions. Besides normal blood vessels, those in diseased states, such as thrombosis, may also be modeled by integrating cues that simulate the microenvironment of vascular disorders. These novel engineering strategies for the development of biomimetic in vitro vascular structures will possibly enable unconventional means of studying complex endovascular intervention problems that are otherwise hard to address using existing models.

Novel Findings of Anti-cancer Property of Propofol

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Wang ◽  
Chien-shan Cheng ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Xiaowei Ding ◽  
Minmin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intravenous Anesthetic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Attention

Background: Propofol, a widely used intravenous anesthetic agent, is traditionally applied for sedation and general anesthesia. Explanation: Recent attention has been drawn to explore the effect and mechanisms of propofol against cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the proliferation-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing properties of propofol in cancer have been studied. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Conclusion: This review focused on the findings within the past ten years and aimed to provide a general overview of propofol's malignance-modulating properties and the potential molecular mechanisms.

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Directly from the Nasal Swabs and Lung Tissue of Sheep and Goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Sunaina Thakur ◽  
Subhash Verma ◽  
Prasenjit Dhar ◽  
Mandeep Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

Respiratory infections of sheep and goats cause heavy morbidity and mortality, leading to huge economic losses. Conventional methods of diagnosis that include isolation and identification of incriminating microbes are time-consuming and fraught with logistic challenges. Direct detection of incriminating microbes using molecular tools is gaining popularity in clinical, microbiological settings. In this study, a total of 50 samples (44 nasal swabs and 6 lung tissues) from sheep and goats were screened for the detection of different bacterial species by in vitro amplification of genus or species-specific genes. Histophilus somni was detected in 2% goat samples, Trueperella pyogenes in 20% goat nasal swabs, whereas 22% goat nasal swab samples were found positive for Mycoplasma spp. None of the samples from sheep was detected positive for H. somni, T. pyogenes, Mycoplasma spp. Similarly, all samples, irrespective, whether from sheep or goats, showed negative results for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

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