scholarly journals Freedom and culture in Maphalla’s translation of Kipling’s ‘If’ into Sesotho

Literator ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Seema
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Cultural Contact ◽  
Good Leader ◽  
Selection Of

A translation is generally regarded as a transportation of the message from one text into another such that, in prototypical cases, the content of the original or source text is preserved in the target text. Any translation reflects language and cultural contact. It is the effect of a mapping of one language onto another and of one culture onto another. In both cases, it involves a selection of counterparts. Traditionally, translation is thought of as establishing equivalence between the original text and the translated one. This article explores the notion of equivalence and the closely linked but conflicting principles of fidelity and freedom in translation theory and practice. The issues involved in practical translation stem from a critical selective combination of freedom or fidelity on the part of the translator. Manipulation of either may lead to certain problems. Kipling’s poem ‘If’ is a didactic poem meant to give encouragement. It serves as a motivation as manifest in several traits of a good leader. Maphalla took the initiative to translate Kipling’s poem ‘If’ into Sesotho. This article addresses the idea that the translator’s task is not only to convey Kipling’s ideas but also to render his style in such a way as to make the translation road smooth to a native speaker of the target language, which in this case is Sesotho. This article also advocates greater freedom for the translator, based on Derridean theory that offers the translator more freedom.

scholarly journals Theoretical and practical reviews of the Indonesian translated “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone” novel

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Zulfadli A. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Harry Potter ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
New Words ◽  
English Novel ◽  
Proper Translation

This paper investigates the results of translation of the English novel “Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone” into Indonesian. The Indonesian version of the novel was compared with the English original one to find the translation practices used by the translator. The translation was analysed by focusing on the strategies the translator used in translating the text from the Second Language into the Target Language. It was found that the translator of the novel used four strategies: foreignization and domestication, cultural equivalences, zero-translation, and pragmatic translation. Furthermore, the cultural differences and new words which were created by the original author were the most difficult ones to find equivalences for in Indonesian. The translator tended to use original words from the source text un-translated into the TL. As a result, the target text does not read smoothly, or naturally, and may sound “foreign” to readers. It is suggested that translators should attempt to translate literary works by applying proper translation theory and practice.

scholarly journals A Comparative Translation Study of the Poem “Ik Nuqtay Wich Gal Mukdi Aey” by Bulleh Shah, Translated by Kartar Singh Duggal and Suman Kashyap

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 553-561
Author(s):  
Khalida Sharif ◽  
Parveen Akhtar Farhat ◽  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Qazi Muhammad Saeed Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Translation Study ◽  
Equivalent Effect ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Language Content

The present research study is based on comparative analysis of two different translations done by two different writers of the same poem of Bulleh Shah, a renowned Sufi poet. Researcher selected the model of Eugene Nida’s principle of equivalent effect as the framework of this research article. Equivalent effect and feel is the vital element of the theory of translation presented by Eugene A Nida(1964). Nida (1964) claims that the analysis of the surface structure of the source text (ST) makes it easy to transfer the source language content and form into target language. Ju Miao (2000) mentions in his research article that before the publication of “toward a science of translating (1964) translation usually focused on literal translation or free translation.  Researcher selected the translation of a poem which is written by Bulleh Shah and translated by two different writers one by Kartar Singh Duggal and other translation by Suman Kashyap. Researcher made a comparative analysis by using the Eugene Nida’s approach of translation theory which is based on principle of equivalent effect.  The purpose of the study is to analyze that either these translations convey the content, form and feel of the original text or not in the perspective of Nida’s approach of translation. Findings are taken after making the comparison by keeping the principle of equivalent effect in mind. This research article will be helpful to understand the original effect and sense which is used by Bulleh Shah and will help to find out how much close these translations are with source text.

The translator’s immobility

Target ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Venturi
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
The One

Translations are facts of target cultures, but the perceived status of source texts has a bearing on how these are reflected or refracted in the target language. This proposition is particularly evident in the case of classics: when translators have to work on literary creations occupying a pivotal position in the source/target cultures, they adopt strategies of literalness and ennoblement which betray a quasi-religious awe—on the one hand, a desire to ruffle the surface of the revered original as little as possible; and on the other, a determination to reproduce the supposed ‘classical qualities’ of the classic even when they are not present in the source. In the following article, I examine how the ‘idea of classic’ influences translation theory and practice, substantiating my theoretical observations by looking at Italian translations of English classics. A marked—and historically determined—disparity between source and target readerships, and the translators’ reverence for their prestigious originals, conspire to produce Italian versions which are much more ‘wooden’ and ‘elegant’ than their English counterparts.

scholarly journals ترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الملايوية: نظرة عامة في التاريخ والخصائص والأساليب (Translating the Holy Koran into the Malay Language: A General Overview on The History, Characteristics and Styles)

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
أكمل خزيري عبد الرحمن (Akmal Khuzairy Abd. Rahman)
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
General Overview ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
Language Characteristics ◽  
Language Styles ◽  
The Stability

ملخص البحث:   تحاول هذه الدراسة تحديد الملامح العامة لترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الملايوية من خلال تاريخ نشأتها وتطورها، وتركز على خصائص تلك الترجمات والأساليب اللغوية التي أثرت في اللغة الهدف نتيجة الترجمة. لقد ترجم القرآن الكريم اللغة الملايوية منذ القرن السابع الميلادي ومرت بمراحل تنوعت وتغيرت فيها أساليب المترجمين، وطرقهم في التعامل مع القرآن الكريم، ورغم هذه التطورات التي طرأت على أساليب اللغة الهدف فقد لوحظ بأن هؤلاء المترجمين اشتركوا في بعض المبادئ التي تخص بكيفية تعاملهم بالنص القرآني، ولمثل هذه الدراسة أهمية لوضع الملاحظات العامة بشأن ترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى إحدى لغات المسلمين. وجدت الدراسة بعض النتائج المهمة في مجال الترجمة إلى الملايوية، وهي كما يأتي: الاستفادة من التاريخ والخصائص والأساليب لترجمات القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الملايوية، وأن وجود مراحل متعددة في ترجمات كاملة باللغة الملايوية دليل ساطع على استمرارية تواصل مسلمي المنطقة وتعاملهم مع القرآن الكريم الذي نزل بلغة قريش (العربية الفصحى أو الفصيحة)، وأن اعتمادهم على الترجمات لم يهدف إلى تبديل النص القرآني بما لديهم من الترجمات، وأنها لا يمكن أن تكون بدائل للأصل لديمومة تطور اللغة الملايوية التي في حد ذاتها تذهب بعنصري الثبات والإقرار من تلك الترجمات الملاوية، أن المترجمين للقرآن الكريم إلى الملايوية التزموا بالترجمة التي تميل إلى النص الأصل، وتمسكوا بجعل ترجماتهم في خدمة معاني القرآن الكريم.الكلمات المفتاحية: ترجمة القرآن الكريم– اللغة الملايوية– الخصائص الأسلوبية– مبادئ الترجمة– أساليب ملايوية جديدة. Abstract:This study attempts to determine the general characteristics of the translation of the holy Koran into Malay language through its history and development. It focuses on the characteristics of those translations and language styles that influenced the target language as well. The holy Koran had been translated since the seventeenth century and went through the periods of time that witnessed the change in the styles of the translators and their approaches in dealing with its verses. Notwithstanding these developments that were brought upon the target language, the translators did share some common grounds in dealing with the sacredness of the holy Koran. The study is important as it tries to come up with general observations on how the holy Koran was translated in one of the biggest language of the Muslims. It concludes that the various stages of translation indicated the continuity of the efforts to translate the holy Koran and the Muslims interaction with the holy revelation in this part of the world. Their dependence on the translation is not with the purpose of substituting the original as these translations will never be able to replace the original due the constant development of the target language that deny the stability of language style. Finally the translations were carried out under the shade of the original text and with the source text orientation. Keywords: Translation of the Holy Koran– Malay Language– Characteristics of Styles– Principles of Translation– New Malay Language Styles. Abstrak:Kajian ini berusaha untuk menentukan sifat-sifat umum bagi proses penterjemahan al-Quran kepada bahasa Melayu iaitu dengan menumpukan kepada sejarah perkembangannya. Kajian ini turut memfokuskan kepada ciri-ciri penterjemahan tersebut dan penggunaan gaya bahasa yang mempengaruhi bahasa sasaran. Hakikatnya, al-Quran telah diterjemah ke dalam bahasa Melayu sejak kurun ketujuh. Proses penterjemahan ini telah melalui beberapa peringkat yang menyaksikan perubahan pada penggunaan gaya bahasa dan pendekatan para penterjemah dalam menterjemahkan al-Quran. Namun demikian, para penterjemah berkongsi pandangan yang sama dalam menggunakan prinsip-prinsip berkaitan dengan penterjemahan al-Quran. Kajian ini penting kerana menonjolkan pemerhatian umum tentang bagaimana ayat-ayat al-Quran diterjemahkan ke dalam salah satu bahasa yang digunakan secara meluas oleh orang Islam. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa proses penterjemahan yang telah melalui pelbagai peringkat menunjukkan kesinambungan usaha dalam menterjemahkan al-Quran dan wujud interaksi antara orang Islam dan al-Quran. Kebergantungan mereka dalam proses penterjemahan bukan bertujuan untuk menukar maksud yang terkandung dalam ayat-ayat al-Quran, bahkan hasil terjemahan tidak akan sekali-kali boleh menggantikan keaslian ayat al-Quran yang bersifat kekal dan tetap. Justeru, para penterjemah dilihat lebih memelihara bahasa asal, namun dalam masa yang sama masih menjaga maksud yang terkandung dalam ayat al-Quran supaya kesucian al-Quran terpelihara.Kata Kunci: Penterjemahan Ayat-ayat al-Quran- Bahasa Melayu- Ciri-ciri Gaya Bahasa- Prinsip Penterjemahan- Gaya Bahasa Melayu yang Baru.          

scholarly journals AUDIOVISUAL AND SONG TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN SUBTITLE IN SHELTER MUSIC VIDEO

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-339
Author(s):  
Mohamad Irham Poluwa ◽  
Nafilaturif'ah Nafilaturif'ah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Music Video ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Reduction Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Literal Translation ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Collaboration Project

The current study aimed to find out the translation techniques applied by the translator in creating the Indonesian subtitles for the original lyrics of Shelter – a collaboration project of music video by Porter Robinson and Madeon, A1-Pictures and Crunchyroll uploaded on YouTube in 2016. The data were analyzed based on the audiovisual translation theory, especially the linguistics of subtitling, the translation technical procedures in the compared stylistics, and the choice in song translation. The study also applied qualitative approach which enabled the researchers to emerge data in descriptive way (in the form of words or pictures instead of numbers). Furthermore, the data were also in the forms of an audiovisual content. The study indicated that most of the lyrics were translated based on literal translation that was reflected by the equivalence of the source language and the target language. The audiovisual theory, particularly reduction theory was also applied in creating the subtitles. In addition, the subtitles were created without taking the music into consideration, meaning that the subtitles were devoted as a supplement or no more than another piece of the source text.  

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION ABOUT TYPES OF SECONDARY LANGUAGE PERSONALITIES IN THE LIGHT OF A COMPETENCE APPROACH IN MODERN LINGUISTIC EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Синхуа Ван ◽  
Анна Владимировна Курьянович
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Development Of Competencies

С опорой на собственный педагогический опыт в обучении русскому языку как иностранному в аудитории носителей китайского языка путем систематизации и обобщения имеющихся наработок авторы предлагают оригинальную концепцию, в русле которой описываются типы вторичных языковых личностей, выделяемые на основании компетентностного подхода. В ходе исследования привлекаются сравнительно-сопоставительный метод, наблюдение и метод научного описания. Полученные в ходе исследования результаты позволяют говорить о том, что в изучении деятельности вторичной языковой личности, направленной на овладение русским языком как иностранным, наиболее эффективным видится применение компетентностного подхода. Данный подход позволяет изучать вторичную языковую личность в динамике становления ее компетентностных свойств на каждом выделенном этапе развития: становления вторичной языковой личности как пользователя иностранным языком, формирования у инофона системы специальных знаний и навыков в отношении изучаемого языка, профессионального владения иностранным языком. Представленная типология вторичных языковых личностей, выделенная на основании компетентностного подхода, может найти применение в современной лингводидактике. The current stage of world historical development is characterized by a tendency towards economic and cultural rapprochement between countries and peoples, which forms a certain social order in the use of functional capabilities of both native and foreign languages by carriers in order to implement strategically important life tasks: educational, industrial, everyday – household, scientific, cultural. Mastering the Russian language by a foreign native speaker should take into account the achievements of a number of branches of scientific knowledge: linguodidactics, general pedagogy and psychology, theories of speech and textual activity, the theory of linguistic personality, psycholinguistics, communication science, subject methodology (theory and practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language). Based on their own pedagogical experience in teaching Russian as a foreign language in the audience of native Chinese speakers, by systematizing and generalizing the existing developments, the authors propose an original concept, in which the types of secondary linguistic personalities are described, distinguished on the basis of the competence approach. In the course of the study, the comparative method, observation and the method of scientific description are involved. Mastering a foreign language marks a certain level of competence characteristics of an inauthentic speaker. The most “advanced” level of proficiency in Russian as a foreign language presupposes the conscious use of the resources of the language, expressed in the ability to correctly assess the situation in terms of relevance, ethics and communicative expediency of use. From these positions, a secondary linguistic personality is understood as a carrier who masters a foreign language in an authentic socio-cultural context and relying on it in order to implement the tasks of effective multicultural communication. At the same time, the carrier demonstrates a certain level of development of competencies: linguistic, linguocultural, intercultural and communicative. The results obtained in the course of the study allow us to say that in the study of the activity of a secondary linguistic personality aimed at mastering Russian as a foreign language, the most effective is the use of a competence-based approach. This approach allows us to study the secondary linguistic personality in the dynamics of the formation of its competence properties at each stage of development that we have identified: the formation of the secondary linguistic personality as a user of a foreign language, the formation of a system of special knowledge and skills in the foreign language in relation to the target language, professional knowledge of a foreign language. The presented typology of secondary linguistic personalities, highlighted on the basis of the competence-based approach, can be used in modern linguodidactics.

Textual representation of emotions in Somerset Maugham’s “The Moon and Sixpence”

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Sheker A. Kulieva ◽  
◽  
Umeda A. Ovezova
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Selective Method ◽  
The Individual

Somerset Maugham is one of the most “emotionally intense” authors in English literature. His greatest works always reveal the “inner life of the individual” (E. Etkind), a person’s susceptibility to various transformations under the influence of feelings and states (“Theater”, “Of Human Bondage”, “The Moon and Sixpence”). At the same time, the emotions being retransmitted when translating a literary text is one of the most difficult tasks in translation theory. As representatives of the architectonic to comprehend the world, emotions are always culturally specific and often do not have equivalents in another mentality and another language. Such are, for example, the English-language concepts (which, in turn, “explain” the emotion) “melancholia”, “blues” and others. The purpose of this work is to explain semantically the category of “emotionality” and understand its ideological and thematic significance in a literary text by comparing the material of two languages — the original English and Russian as the target language. The methods we have taken in the process of working on the text: descriptive, explanatory, emotion thematisation, denotative analysis, emotive analysis, hermeneutic, conceptual, and selective (method of sampling passionary couplings that is slots). Research hypothesis: The category of emotionality is involved in the reconstruction of characters’ images at the level of text perception (the theory of respondents). The means to retransmit emotions when translating a text depends on the mental attitudes of different ethnic groups, therefore, it is necessary to identify “intersection points” that are equally acceptable both for the original text and for its translation.

scholarly journals Cognitive-discursive models of translation

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
I. V. Boiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mental Content ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Cognitive Modelling ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
General Scientific

Models are central in many scientific contexts. The purpose of the article is to systematise and theoretically substantiate cognitive-discursive models of translation in the theory and practice of translation studies. The research methods were general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, observation and abstraction. In the perspective of cognitive modelling of translation, the creation of cognitive-discursive models of translation was preceded by cognitive-heuristic (A. H. Mynchenkov), cognitive-psychological (R. Bell), social-cognitive (D. Kiraly), and cognitive-pragmatic (E.-A. Gutt) models of translation. Thus, the development of the cognitive-discursive paradigm has given impetus to cognitive-discursive models of translation, the main advantage of which is the desire of their authors to take into account not only the text in the analysis of translation but also the mental activity of the translator and the reader while interpreting this text. Cognitive-discursive models of translation (T. P. Andriienko, L. Gopo, H. V. Taschenko) primarily focuse on the translator's cognitive sphere and the author's, translator's and reader's interpretation of reality embedded in the text, which results in paying attention to the bilingual picture of the translator's world. Translation in this focus appears as a reworking of someone else's „mental content”, which traditionally consists of interpretation (analysis of the original text), projecting a conceptual image of the source text on the picture of the world of the language of translation and implementation (creation of the text of translation).

scholarly journals Modulation as Variation in Target–Language Translation Equivalence: The Case of English and Slovene

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Iza Durjava
Keyword(s):  
Language Translation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Word Combination ◽  
Language Text

Modulation in translation theory is usually observed as a procedure involving a change in point of view in the target–language text. The paper introduces a newly modified concept of perceiving the process as variation in two or more Slovene translation equivalents corresponding to a single English collocation of the source text. The reasons or conditions for such modulation can be sought in collocations representing a loosely fixed word combination and thus often allowing variation on the syntagmatic axis, collocations as a minimum context and extended minimum context, co–text as a whole, and TL situation.

ON THE ISSUE OF TRANSLATING AN ESSAY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (31) ◽  
pp. 264-277
Author(s):  
Svitlana Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rhetorical Questions

The choice of an essay as the object of analysis presents significant difficulties for the researcher, since even the definition of the genre in the theory of literature is still not set; there is no integral concept of the genre, the views of literary scholars on essays are extremely contradictory. Unlike existing theoretical and practical studies on various literary genres, the essay seems to be an insufficiently studied object of analysis in the linguistic and translation perspectives, which determines the relevance of the paper. The objective of the study is to determine the features of the translation of a publicist essay on the example of the translation of the literary work of I. Brodsky “Reflection on a Spawn of Hell” from Russian into English. To achieve this objective, the following tasks are to be solved: 1) to identify the main stylistic features of the essay by I. Brodsky; 2) to determine the specifics of its translation into English. The dominant function of the essay is the influencing one. It is implemented by referring to the emotional-figurative way of the addressee’s perception of the world. The stylistic features of I. Brodsky’s publicist essay, characterizing it as a resource of stylistic expressiveness, fully agree with the influencing function of the type of the text under study: syntactic constructions with inverted word order, rhetorical questions, quotations, complex sentences with a number of homogeneous members, elliptical constructions, gradation, stylistically coloured vocabulary, a combination of stylistically reduced and colloquial vocabulary aimed at achieving maximum expressiveness. The translator renders the stylistic features of the source text by selecting functional analogues in the target language. Difficulties arise when reproducing the cultural realities of the original linguistic culture. The appellative type of the text, which an essay is, requires significant linguocultural adaptation of the realities of the source language to the socio-cultural background of the target language. The translation under study tends to reproduce only the outer shell of definite lexemes and phrases, which are bearers of factual information and have a significant pragmatic potential in the original text. Despite the complexity and cultural richness of the text itself, with its specific words and conceptual system, the translator does not fully pragmatically adapt the significant elements of the source text, which affects the adequacy of its translation. In our opinion, translation errors prevent reproduction of the author’s communicative intentions in full. We consider the prospects for further developments in the expansion of research materials in order to obtain general conclusions regarding the peculiarities of the translation of an essay as a genre and the specifics of rendering the individual author’s style in translation.

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