scholarly journals Effect of heterologous seminal plasma and semen extenders on motility of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Mataveia ◽  
S.J. Terblanche ◽  
J.O. Nothling ◽  
D. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Random Order ◽  
The Other ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Time Zero ◽  
Prostatic Fluid ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Single Batch

Ram seminal plasma increases the fertility of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa deposited into the cervix. The aim of the current study was to compare the effect of ram seminal plasma to that of bull seminal plasma, dog prostatic fluid, protein-free TALP, TrilEq (Triladyl with 0.5 mℓ of Equex STM paste added to each 100 mℓ) and heat-treated skim milk on longevity and percentages of progressively motile and aberrantly motile frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa. Three ejaculates from each of 6 rams were extended in TrilEq, pooled and frozen in straws as a single batch per ram. One hundred and eight straws (3 straws from each ram for each fluid) were thawed in random order. Once thawed, a straw was emptied into a tube with 0.85mℓ of the appropriate fluid at 37 °C and kept at that temperature for 6 h. Motility was assessed at x200 magnification immediately (time zero) and 2, 4 and 6 h after thawing. Progressive motility decreased from each time to the next (P < 0.05) and was 39.0% (0 h), 26.0% (2 h), 19.6% (4 h) and 12.6% (6 h); SEM 1.24, n=108 for each group. Ram seminal plasma resulted in higher progressive motility than bull seminal plasma, lower than milk, and similar to the other fluids. Ram seminal plasma resulted in lower aberrant motility than protein-free TALP and similar aberrant motility to other fluids. The effect of ram seminal plasma and dog prostatic fluid was very similar. The effect of ram seminal plasma on the fertility of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa deposited into the cervix is not due an exceptionally beneficial effect on the motility of spermatozoa.

scholarly journals 21 EFFECTS OF HETEROLOGOUS SEMEN PLASMA AND SEMEN EXTENDERS ON PROGRESSIVE MOTILITY OF FROZEN - THAWED RAM SPERM

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
G. Mataveia ◽  
S.J. Terblanche ◽  
J.O. Nöthling ◽  
D. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ram Sperm ◽  
Bovine Oocytes ◽  
Better Than

Frozen-thawed ram semen crosses the cervix poorly, necessitating laparoscopic insemination. Acceptable fertility can be achieved with frozen-thawed ram semen deposited at the external cervical opening if ram semen plasma (SP) is added (McPhie et al. 2000 14th ICAR 2, 78 abst). Homologous SP improves the fertility of frozen-thawed sperm of boars and dogs. Heterologous SP may have effects as well; the addition of bovine SP increased the ability of buffalo sperm (Syncerus caffer) to fertilize bovine oocytes in vitro (de Haas et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 392). The aim of the current study was to compare the effects of SP of rams (SPR), bulls (SPB), and dogs (SPD), protein-free TALP, Triladyl (Minitüb, Tiefenbach, Germany), and skim milk upon longevity and percentage of progressively motile frozen-thawed ram sperm. Three ejaculates from each of six rams (2 Dorpers, 2 Döhne merinos, and 2 merinos), aged 2–4 years, were extended in Triladyl, pooled and frozen as a single batch per ram at 200 × 106/mL in 0.25-mL straws. SPR was obtained from the same rams and SPB from 5 bulls by centrifugation, while the post-sperm fractions were collected from 5 dogs (SPD). Within a species, the SP from different donors was pooled and frozen in aliquots at −18°C. The 108 straws (6 rams, 6 diluents, 3 replicates) were thawed in random order. Once thawed, a straw was emptied into a tube with 0.85 mL of the appropriate fluid at 37°C and kept for 6 h. Percentage of progressively motile sperm was estimated at ×200 magnification immediately and 2, 4 and 6 h after thawing. One person thawed the semen and prepared motility specimens, while another performed all motility evaluations. Data were evaluated by means of repeated-measures ANOVA, with rams as subjects and time and fluid as fixed effects. Non-significant interactions were removed from the model. Means were compared by means of Bonferroni's test (P < 0.05). The model included ram, time, fluid, and ram × fluid, and time × fluid interactions, which were all significant (P < 0.01). Mean motility decreased from each time to the next and were 39.0% (0 h), 26.0% (2 h), 19.6% (4 h) and 12.6% (6 h), SEM 1.38%, n = 108. Mean motility was higher for skim milk (39.9%) than for all other fluids except Triladyl (27.7%), which was better than SPB (13.0%), whereas TALP (20.5%) and SPR (21.9%) were similar to Triladyl and SPB (n = 72, SEM 2.85%). The interactions (ram × fluid or time × fluid) were mainly due to SPD, SPR, Triladyl, and TALP, while milk resulted in the best and SPB in the lowest motility. This study shows that heat-treated skim milk maintains progressive motility of frozen-thawed ram sperm better than the SP of various species and protein-free TALP. In contrast to SPR, skim milk is known to result in poor fertility of frozen-thawed ram semen after cervical insemination. It would thus appear that maintenance of progressive motility in vitro may be a poor indicator of fertility after cervical insemination.

11 FERTILITY OF FRESH AND FROZEN - THAWED EPIDIDYMAL STALLION SPERM WITH OR WITHOUT EXPOSURE TO SEMINAL PLASMA

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Heise ◽  
D. Gerber ◽  
D. H. Volkmann ◽  
W. Kähn ◽  
N. K. Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Chi Square Test

The aim of this study was to determine if the addition of equine seminal plasma to epididymal semen enhances its fertility before or after freezing. Thirty-two mares were randomly assigned to 5 stallions; 3 stallions were kept in Pretoria, each having 7 mares, and 2 stallions were kept at Cornell, one having 6 mares and the other 5. Mares were synchronized using 10 daily IM progesterone and estradiol injections; an Ovuplant® implant (26 mg of deslorelin; Peptech Animal Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia) was inserted under the mucosa of the vaginal vestibulum once a follicle reached a diameter of 35 mm; implants were removed after ovulation. Mares were inseminated 30 h after implant insertion. Each insemination dose consisted of 200 million progressively motile sperm and was deposited into the uterine body. Following insemination, mares were examined for ovulation at 6 hourly intervals. Fourteen days after ovulation, mares were examined for pregnancy by transrectal ultrasonography and treated with PGF2α to induce the next estrus. Seminal plasma was collected from the stallions used in the trial prior to castration, frozen, and stored. In Pretoria, stallions were castrated and one epididymal tail was flushed with seminal plasma and the other with skim milk extender; in the first cycle, half of the mares were inseminated with one of the two sperm samples. In Cornell, testes of each stallion were removed 3 weeks apart, and all mares were inseminated first with one and 3 weeks later with the other semen sample. Mares were inseminated during consecutive estrous cycles using the following sperm types: fresh epididymal sperm that had been exposed to seminal plasma (G1: 4 mares per stallion in Pretoria, 6 and 5 mares per stallion at Cornell); fresh epididymal sperm that had never been exposed to seminal plasma (G2: 3 mares per stallion in Pretoria, 6 and 5 mares per stallion at Cornell); frozen–thawed ejaculated sperm (G3); frozen–thawed epididymal sperm that had been exposed to seminal plasma prior to freezing (G4); and frozen–thawed epididymal sperm that had never been exposed to seminal plasma (G5). The results of inseminations with fresh epididymal semen (G1–2) of 5 stallions and the preliminary results of inseminations with frozen–thawed epididymal semen (G3–5) of 2 stallions are summarized in the Table 1. Cycles where ovulation did not occur within 12 h after insemination were excluded. The pregnancy rate of mares inseminated with fresh epididymal sperm of G1 was significantly higher (chi-square test; P &lt; 0.05) than that of mares of G2. The pregnancy rate of mares inseminated with frozen–thawed ejaculated semen (G3) was similar to that of mares inseminated with frozen–thawed epididymal semen of G4 and G5 (P = 0.3). Based on these preliminary results, we conclude that the fertility of fresh epididymal sperm can be enhanced by exposure to equine seminal plasma. To determine if the same holds true for frozen–thawed epididymal sperm, more inseminations must be performed. Table 1.Results of inseminations with various semen types

Effect of Bioxcell® and Triladyl® Extenders and Removal of Seminal Plasma on Equilibrated and Cryopreserved Semen from South African Unimproved Indigenous Bucks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nethenzheni LP ◽  
◽  
Mphaphathi ML ◽  
Madzhie LR ◽  
Negota NC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Motility Rate

The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of two extenders (Triladyl® and Bioxcell®) and the removal of seminal plasma on indigenous buck’s semen. Semen was collected from six indigenous bucks using an electro-ejaculator. Raw semen was pooled and randomly allocated into six groups as follows: (i) Raw non-washed, (ii) Raw washed, (iii) Triladyl®-washed, (iv) Triladyl®-non-washed, (v) Bioxcell®-washed and (vi) Bioxcell®-non-washed. Both the Triladyl® and Bioxcell® washed semen samples groups were diluted (1:4 v/v) with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) then centrifuged at 1500x g for ten min and seminal plasma was removed. The groups were analysed for spermatozoa motility rates using Computer-Aided Sperm Analysis (CASA). The spermatozoa viability was assessed using Eosin-Nigrosin, acrosome integrity using Spermac, chromatin structure using Acridine Orange, and mitochondria using JC-1 staining solutions. Semen samples were diluted (1:4 v/v) as follows: Triladyl® (washed and non-washed) or Bioxcell® (washed and non-washed) and then equilibrated at 5°C for 2 hours. Equilibrated semen samples in 0.25 mL French straws were placed 5 cm above a Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) vapour for 10 min, and stored for one month. Frozen semen straws per treatment group were thawed at 37°C for 30 seconds. Significant differences among the mean values of semen parameters were determined by Tukey’s test using ANOVA, GLM procedure of SAS version 12.1 of 2010. The spermatozoa progressive motility rate in non-washed semen extended with Bioxcell® was significantly higher (89.6±7.5a) compared with that of non-washed Triladyl®, washed Bioxcell® and Triladyl® (P<0.05). Live spermatozoa percentage in washed semen extended with Triladyl® extender was reduced (27.7±17.1) significantly compared with the other groups (P<0.05). There was a lower percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential in non-washed and washed semen extended with Bioxcell® (39.5±23.2 and 37.9±28.6, respectively) compared with that of non-washed and washed semen extended with Triladyl® (P>0.05). The spermatozoa progressive motility rate in non-washed semen extended with Bioxcell® (58.5±10.0) extender was significantly higher compared with that of the other groups (P<0.05). There was a higher live and normal spermatozoa percentage in non-washed semen extended with Bioxcell® (45.7±21.2) compared with that of the other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, Washing of seminal plasma in semen extended with Triladyl® was not essential, as it lowered viability, progressive motility and chromatin membrane integrity prior and post-cryopreservation. However, Bioxcell® extender was found to be more suitable for preserving spermatozoa during equilibration and freezing/thawing process of non-washed and washed buck semen.

The effects of Pb on sperm parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation of men investigated for infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.U.S. Wijesekara ◽  
D.M.S. Fernando ◽  
S. Wijeratne
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Sperm Dna ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pb Concentration

AbstractBackgroundLead (Pb) is one of the metals most prevalent in the environment and is known to cause infertility and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. This study aimed to determine the association between seminal plasma Pb and sperm DNA fragmentation in men investigated for infertility.MethodsMale partners (n = 300) of couples investigated for infertility were recruited after informed consent was obtained. Sperm parameters were assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Seminal plasma Pb was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with nitric acid.ResultsIn Pb-positive and -negative groups the sperm parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were compared using independent sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age and duration of infertility were 34.8 (5.34) years and 45.7 (35.09) months, respectively, and the mean Pb concentration was 15.7 μg/dL. In Pb positives compared to Pb negatives the means (SD) of sperm count, progressive motility viability and normal morphology were lower (p > 0.05) but the DNA fragmentation was significantly higher 39.80% (25.08) than Pb negatives 22.65% (11.30). Seminal plasma Pb concentration and sperm DNA fragmentation had a positive correlation (r = 0.38, p = 0.03). A negative correlation was observed between sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility and viability. When the DNA fragmentation was ≥30% sperm concentration and viability decreased (p < 0.05).ConclusionsPb in seminal plasma had a significant effect on sperm DNA fragmentation but not with other sperm parameters.

Expressive Microstructure in Music: A Preliminary Perceptual Assessment of Four Composers' "Pulses"

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno H. Repp
Keyword(s):  
Classical Music ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Musical Experience ◽  
General Music ◽  
Cyclic Patterns ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Perceptual Assessment ◽  
Essential Prerequisite

According to a provocative theory set forth by Manfred Clynes, there are composer-specific cyclic patterns of (unnotated) musical microstructure that, when discovered and realized by a performer, help to give the music its characteristic expressive quality. Clynes, relying mainly on his own judgment as an experienced musician, has derived such personal "pulses" for several famous composers by imposing time and amplitude perturbations on computer-controlled performances of classical music and modifying them until they converged on some optimal expression. To conduct a preliminary test of the general music lover's appreciation of such "pulsed" performances, two sets of piano pieces by Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and Schubert, one in quadruple and the other in triple meter, were selected for this study. Each piece was synthesized with each composer's pulse and also without any pulse. These different versions were presented in random order to listeners of varying musical sophistication for preference judgments relative to the unpulsed version. There were reliable changes in listeners' pulse preferences across different composers' pieces, which affirms one essential prerequisite of Clynes' theory. Moreover, in several instances the "correct" pulse was preferred most, which suggests not only that these pulse patterns indeed capture composer- specific qualities, but also that listeners without extensive musical experience can appreciate them. In other cases, however, listeners' preferences were not as expected, and possible causes for these deviations are discussed.

scholarly journals Raw soya-bean flour increases cholecystokinin release in man

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Calam ◽  
Joanna C. Bojarski ◽  
Caroline J. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Pancreatic Acini ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Releasing Effect ◽  
Cck Release

1. The aim of the present study was to determine whether oral ingestion of raw soya-bean flour, which contains trypsin inhibitors, alters the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in man.2. Eleven healthy volunteers ate two mixed meals: one with raw soya-bean flour and the other with soya-bean flour that had been heat-treated. The two flours inhibited 34 and 3 mg trypsin/g flour respectively.3. CCK was measured in plasma using a bioassay based on the release of amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) from dispersed rat pancreatic acini.4. The peak CCK response was 168 (SE 8.1) pmol/l with raw soya-bean flour but 4.9 (SE 2.8) pmol/l with heat-treated flour (P < 0.05).5. We conclude that ingestion of raw soya-bean flour increases CCK release in man and that heat treatment which reduces the trypsin inhibitor content of the flour also diminishes its CCK-releasing effect.

scholarly journals Staphylococcal Food Poisoning Associated with Spray-Dried Milk

1955 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. R. Anderson ◽  
Doris M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Skim Milk Powder ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Spray Dried

SummaryEight explosive outbreaks of food poisoning, occurring in school canteens in England during 1953 and affecting 1190 known cases, are described. The clinical features were characteristic of the toxin type of illness. No deaths occurred.The food causing all of these outbreaks was prepared from spray-dried skim milk powder. It was not subsequently heat-treated and was usually consumed 3–4 hr. after preparation.The spray-dried milk powder proved to contain a high content of bacteria, including large numbers of Staph. aureus, of a phage pattern often associated with food poisoning. The assumption was therefore made that these outbreaks were caused by staphylococcal enterotoxin.Because the food was often consumed within 3–4 hr. of reconstitution of the milk powder—before, in fact, the staphylococci had had time to grow—it is concluded that the poisoning must have been due mainly to pre-formed toxin.Consideration is given to the opportunities for the formation of toxin in a spray-drying plant, and reasons are brought forward for believing that it is formed mainly in the balance tank where the warm milk is kept, sometimes for several hours, before passing into the final drying chamber.The processing of the milk and the precautions for preventing contamination of the finished product are discussed.

Oxidation of combined ingestion of glucose and fructose during exercise

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1277-1284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy L. P. G. Jentjens ◽  
Luke Moseley ◽  
Rosemary H. Waring ◽  
Leslie K. Harding ◽  
Asker E. Jeukendrup
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Maximum Power Output ◽  
Exercise Period

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether combined ingestion of a large amount of fructose and glucose during cycling exercise would lead to exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates >1 g/min. Eight trained cyclists (maximal O2consumption: 62 ± 3 ml·kg-1·min-1) performed four exercise trials in random order. Each trial consisted of 120 min of cycling at 50% maximum power output (63 ± 2% maximal O2consumption), while subjects received a solution providing either 1.2 g/min of glucose (Med-Glu), 1.8 g/min of glucose (High-Glu), 0.6 g/min of fructose + 1.2 g/min of glucose (Fruc+Glu), or water. The ingested fructose was labeled with [U-13C]fructose, and the ingested glucose was labeled with [U-14C]glucose. Peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates were ∼55% higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu (1.26 ± 0.07 g/min) compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (0.80 ± 0.04 and 0.83 ± 0.05 g/min, respectively). Furthermore, the average exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates over the 60- to 120-min exercise period were higher ( P < 0.001) in Fruc+Glu compared with Med-Glu and High-Glu (1.16 ± 0.06, 0.75 ± 0.04, and 0.75 ± 0.04 g/min, respectively). There was a trend toward a lower endogenous carbohydrate oxidation in Fruc+Glu compared with the other two carbohydrate trials, but this failed to reach statistical significance ( P = 0.075). The present results demonstrate that, when fructose and glucose are ingested simultaneously at high rates during cycling exercise, exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates can reach peak values of ∼1.3 g/min.

Phase Constitution and Transformation Behavior of Ni2MnGa-Cu2MnAl Pseudobinary Intermetallic Compounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 841-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Hosoda ◽  
Yuji Higaki ◽  
Shuichi Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Solid Solution ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase Decomposition ◽  
Martensitic Transformation Temperature ◽  
Transformation Behavior ◽  
Solution Hardening ◽  
Phase Constitution ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Curie Temperature Tc

The phase constitution, lattice parameter, martensitic and magnetic transformation behavior and hardness of the Ni2MnGa-Cu2MnAl pseudobinary alloys designed as (Ni2MnGa)x(Cu2MnAl)1-x were investigated in order to improve magnetic properties of Ni2MnGa. It was revealed that L21 Ni2MnGa and Cu2MnAl make a continuous solid solution of (Ni,Cu)2Mn(Ga,Al) when heat treated at 1073K, and that the lattice parameter of the L21 phase increases monotonously with increasing the compositional ratio x, that is, the amount of Cu2MnAl. Curie temperature TC also increases with increasing x. On the other hand, the martensitic transformation temperature of Ni2MnGa seems to decrease rapidly by adding Cu2MnAl. Hardness of the alloys heat-treated at 1073K ranges from HV200 to HV370, and solution hardening was recognized by mixing. When heat treated at 773K, a phase decomposition from L21 phase to Cu9Al4 and b-Mn was confirmed in the Cu2MnAl-rich alloys. The phase decomposition causes a decrease in the lattice parameter of L21 phase and TC and a significant increase in hardness.

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