scholarly journals Raw soya-bean flour increases cholecystokinin release in man

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Calam ◽  
Joanna C. Bojarski ◽  
Caroline J. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Ingestion ◽  
Pancreatic Acini ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Releasing Effect ◽  
Cck Release

1. The aim of the present study was to determine whether oral ingestion of raw soya-bean flour, which contains trypsin inhibitors, alters the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) in man.2. Eleven healthy volunteers ate two mixed meals: one with raw soya-bean flour and the other with soya-bean flour that had been heat-treated. The two flours inhibited 34 and 3 mg trypsin/g flour respectively.3. CCK was measured in plasma using a bioassay based on the release of amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) from dispersed rat pancreatic acini.4. The peak CCK response was 168 (SE 8.1) pmol/l with raw soya-bean flour but 4.9 (SE 2.8) pmol/l with heat-treated flour (P < 0.05).5. We conclude that ingestion of raw soya-bean flour increases CCK release in man and that heat treatment which reduces the trypsin inhibitor content of the flour also diminishes its CCK-releasing effect.

scholarly journals The effect of fasting on enzyme levels in the enlarged and involuting rat pancreas

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Crass ◽  
P. S. Oatesa ◽  
R. G. H. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Triacylglycerol Lipase ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Bean Flour

1. The effect on pancreatic digestive enzyme levels of fasting and changes from a diet containing trypsin inhibitor (raw soya-bean flour, RSF) to diets free of trypsin inhibitor (heated soya-bean flour, HSF, or commercial rat chow) was studied in rats for up to 7 d.2. In RSF-fed rats killed without fasting, enzyme levels were low, but after fasting for 24 h before killing there was a marked increase in all enzyme levels. Histological studies showed that pancreatic acinar cells from RSF-fed rats killed without fasting were devoid of zymogen granules, but following a 24 h fast there was a marked accumulation of zymogen granules which extend into the basal cytoplasm. Fasting either produced no change or a fall in enzyme levels in rats fasted after feeding HSF or chow continuously.3. If animals fed on RSF were changed to HSF and either fed or fasted for 24 h up to the time of killing there was an increase in amylase (EC3. 2. 1. 1), trypsin (EC3. 4. 21. 4), lipase (triacylglycerol lipase;EC3. 1. 1. 3) and protein 1 d after the change, followed by a fall over the next 6 d to levels similar to those seen in rats fed on HSF continuously.4. Animals changed from RSF to chow showed similar effects as far as trypsin, lipase and protein were concerned, but amylase rose, to reach the level seen in rats fed on chow continuously (about ten times that seen in soya-bean-fed rats), after 2 d.5. These results suggest that in the rats fed on RSF, pancreatic enzyme synthesis is rapid but secretion is equally rapid and intracellular enzyme levels are low. When these animals are fasted or changed to a diet free of trypsin inhibitor the rate of secretion falls but the high rate of synthesis continues for at least 24 h and enzymes accumulate in the pancreas. In studies of pancreatic enzyme levels in rats fed on trypsin inhibitor the extent of fasting before killing the animal is therefore an important variable. Such animals should probably not be fasted before study.

The hydrolysation of protein in raw and autoclaved soya bean meals by a microbial protease

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
J.D. Beal ◽  
PH. Brooks ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Microbial Protease ◽  
Proteolytic Action ◽  
Gut Damage

The large storage proteins of soya bean, glycinin and pconglycinin are relatively indigestible in their native state. Even when partially denatured by heat treatments these proteins may not be utilised fully by young pigs. Glycinin in particular has been implicated in causing immune hypersensitivity reactions that can lead to gut damage. Partial hydrolysis of these large proteins may increase their digestibility and improve the nutritional value of both raw and heat treated soya bean meals. The increased protein digestibility in humans of fermented soya foods compared with soya bean flour has been attributed to partial proteolysis by microbial proteases produced by the fermenting organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the proteolytic action of a microbial protease P#4 (Finnfeeds International Marlborough) on raw and autoclaved soya with a view to its inclusion into liquid diets for grower/finisher pigs.

The hydrolysation of protein in raw and autoclaved soya bean meals by a microbial protease

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
J.D. Beal ◽  
PH. Brooks ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Microbial Protease ◽  
Proteolytic Action ◽  
Gut Damage

The large storage proteins of soya bean, glycinin and pconglycinin are relatively indigestible in their native state. Even when partially denatured by heat treatments these proteins may not be utilised fully by young pigs. Glycinin in particular has been implicated in causing immune hypersensitivity reactions that can lead to gut damage. Partial hydrolysis of these large proteins may increase their digestibility and improve the nutritional value of both raw and heat treated soya bean meals. The increased protein digestibility in humans of fermented soya foods compared with soya bean flour has been attributed to partial proteolysis by microbial proteases produced by the fermenting organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the proteolytic action of a microbial protease P#4 (Finnfeeds International Marlborough) on raw and autoclaved soya with a view to its inclusion into liquid diets for grower/finisher pigs.

scholarly journals [14C]leucine incorporation into proteins of pancreatic juice in rats fed soya-bean flour

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
U. R. Fölsch ◽  
K. G. Wormsley
Keyword(s):  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Maximal Stimulation ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Supramaximal Stimulation ◽  
Protein Output

1. The effect of a diet containing a trypsin inhibitor on the incorporation of radioactively labelled leucine into the pancreatic proteins secreted during stimulation with cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK) was studied in rats.2. The total output of protein was significantly greater in the rats given raw soya-bean flour (RSF) compared with those given heat-inactivated soya-bean flour (HSF) (controls) in response to the sub- and supramaximal stimulation with CCK, but similar responses were obtained to maximal stimulation with CCK. Total protein output decreased continuously with time after reaching peak values at 90–120 min after the start of stimulation with CCK.3. The total output of radioactively labelled protein in RSF-fed rats was not different from that of the controls with sub- and supramaximal dose rats of CCK, but was significantly lower than that of the controls in response to the dose rate of CCK which produced maximal rates of pancreatic secretion.4. The specific activity of radioactively labelled protein increased continuously, while the output attained a constant rate during stimulation with all doses of CCK.5. We concluded that feeding the trypsin inhibitor-containing diet led to increased secretion of stored pancreatic protein, while secretion of newly synthesized protein was not altered. During the course of prolonged stimulation with CCK, irrespective of diet, there was increasing secretion of the newly synthesized protein compared with the pre-existing stored proteins of the pancreas, but it was unable to compensate for the decreased secretion of pre-formed protein.

Effect of Heat Treatment Conditions and Small Addition of Cu on Occurrence of Serration in Al-Si Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Teruto Kanadani ◽  
Norihito Nagata ◽  
Keiyu Nakagawa ◽  
Koji Murakami ◽  
Makoto Hino
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Binary Alloy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Small Addition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aging Rate ◽  
Aging Period ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aging Conditions

In this study, the effect of heat treatment conditions and small addition of Cu on occurrence of serration in Al-Si alloys was investigated. Specimens were aged for various times up to 87ks at 273K or 473K after quenching from 853K, and tensile-tested at room temperature. In the binary alloy, serration was observed even after aging for 87ks at 273K, while in the case of aging at 473K, serration did not occur under aging conditions at aging time, tA≧20s. On the other hand, serration was observed even after aging for 72ks at 473K in the Cu-added alloy. In both alloys, serration was also recognized when the specimens were furnace-cooled from 853K to room temperature. Thus, for aging at 473K of the binary alloy serration was observed only when the aging period was short enough, but addition of Cu to the binary alloy prolonged the aging period where serration could be recognized. Aging rate of both alloys measured by tensile strength was almost the same. The size of precipitates in the Cu-added alloy was smaller than that in binary alloy. Moreover, the number of the precipitates at the grain boundary in the Cu-added alloy was smaller than that in the binary alloy. It is considered that serration occurs for Al-Si alloys when the specimen is heat-treated so that small precipitates may be formed. Now the details of the effect of Cu addition are not clear.

A Study on the Interface between Oxide Film on the Titanium Surface and Bone Tissue

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 545-548
Author(s):  
Li Ping Wang ◽  
Bang Cheng Yang ◽  
Ji Yong Chen ◽  
Xing Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Titanium Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Titanium Oxide Film ◽  
Heat Treated

The bioactivities of titanium oxide film on titanium surface received from different chemical treatment methods were studied in SBF in vitro and mechanically and histologically investigated in vivo. Three groups of titanium specimens were prepared: untreated titanium(S), acid-alkali treated titanium (H), and acid-alkali and heat-treated titanium(X). The oxide film of X surface resulted in more apatite formation and significantly higher strength of the interface between the samples and bone than those of the other titanium groups. The surface of the acid-alkali treated titanium and that further treated by heat treatment had higher bioactivity and stronger bone-bonding ability.

Synthesis of B4C/SiC Composite from Sugar Based Precursor

2009 ◽  
Vol 283-286 ◽  
pp. 268-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cihangir ◽  
Celaletdin Ergun ◽  
Suat Yılmaz ◽  
Filiz Çinar Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Precursor Material ◽  
Sic Composites

In the present study, a method based on sulfuric acid dehydration of sugar was developed to synthesize a precursor material, which can yield B4C/SiC composites at much lower temperatures compared to traditional carbothermal methods. The precursor material for pure B4C was heat treated at the temperatures between 400 and 1600oC under inert atmosphere. The precursor material for B4C /SiC composites was heat treated only at 1600oC under an inert atmosphere. Then the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that B-C bonds formed as low as 400oC. On the other hand, crystallized B4C and B4C / SiC composites can be obtained at the heat treatment temperatures between 1400 and 1600oC.

scholarly journals Fabrication of TiO2Crystalline Coatings by Combining Ti-6Al-4V Anodic Oxidation and Heat Treatments

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Laura Vera ◽  
Mario Roberto Rosenberger ◽  
Carlos Enrique Schvezov ◽  
Alicia Esther Ares
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Anodic Oxidation ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Natural Oxide ◽  
Scanning Electron

The bio- and hemocompatibility of titanium alloys are due to the formation of a TiO2layer. This natural oxide may have fissures which are detrimental to its properties. Anodic oxidation is used to obtain thicker films. By means of this technique, at low voltages oxidation, amorphous and low roughness coatings are obtained, while, above a certain voltage, crystalline and porous coatings are obtained. According to the literature, the crystalline phases of TiO2, anatase, and rutile would present greater biocompatibility than the amorphous phase. On the other hand, for hemocompatible applications, smooth and homogeneous surfaces are required. One way to obtain crystalline and homogeneous coatings is by heat treatments after anodic oxidation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of heat treatments on the thickness, morphology, and crystalline structure of the TiO2anodic coatings. The characterization was performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray reflectometry. Coatings with different colors of interference were obtained. There were no significant changes in the surface morphology and roughness after heat treatment of 500°C. Heat treated coatings have different proportions of the crystalline phases, depending on the voltage of anodic oxidation and the temperature of the heat treatment.

Mechanical Performance of Ti/Cu-8Ag/S20C Clad Composite Processed by High Pressure Torsioning (HPT)

2012 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Jun Young Song ◽  
Jong Su Ha ◽  
In Kyu Kim ◽  
Sun Ig Hong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Intermetallic Layer ◽  
Compound Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Indentation Mark ◽  
Heat Treated

Ti/Cu-8Ag/S20C composite were processed by High Press Torsioning(HPT) and the effect of post-HPT heat treatment on the interfacial reaction products and the mechanical performance were studied. Intremetallic compound layer with the thickness of 11 μm was observed at the interface between Ti and Cu-8Ag for the clad heat-treated at 600°Cfor 24hrs. On the other hand, no intermetallic compounds were observed at the Cu-8Ag/S20C interface. No cracks were observed to be emanated from the corner of the indentation mark on the intremetallic compound layer at the Ti/Cu-8Ag interface, suggesting those intermetallic compounds is not so brittle. The stress-strain curves exhibited two steps in as-HPTed clad samples and those heat-treated at 600°C for 24hrs. The careful examination of the fractured plates revealed that S20C plate fractured first and then Ti and Cu-8Ag layers fractured together, suggesting the bonding strength between two layers is fairly high in the presence of intermetallic layer between Ti and Cu-8Ag layers

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