scholarly journals The effect of water intake prior to blood sampling on packed cell volume in sheep : short communication

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Kuselo ◽  
A.E. Snyman ◽  
M.A. Snyman
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Ewe Lambs

The effect of water intake prior to blood sampling on subsequent packed cell volume (PCV) was investigated in ewe lambs (8 months of age) of the Dohne Merino, Merino and Letelle flocks at Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute. On the afternoon of the day before the experiment was conducted, a blood sample for a baseline PCV value (R) was taken from each animal. The following day, 15 ewes of each breed (n=45) were dosed with 1 litre of water and another 15 of each (n=45) were used as a control. Blood samples for PCV were taken concurrently for both the control and water treatment groups before the dose (0), and at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after dosing . PCV were subsequently determined with the microcapillary centrifuge technique. Baseline PCV of Letelle ewes was higher (32.4 + 0.6) than that of the Dohne Merino (29.7 + 0.6) and Merino (28.7 + 0.6) ewes. Furthermore, recovery rate at 30 minutes after treatment also differed among breeds. Although there were significant differences between the control and water treatment groups at R and 0 minutes, which were probably due to inherent animal differences, there were no significant differences between PCV of the 2 groups during the remainder of the experimental period. Overall it can be concluded that water intake before blood sampling for the determination of PCV has no significant effect on haematocrit. Differences among breeds were more pronounced than those between treatment groups.

Effect of coal mine pit water on the productivity of cattle. II. Effect of increasing concentrations of pit water on feed intake and health

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Harper ◽  
T. J. King ◽  
B. D. Hill ◽  
C. M. L. Harper ◽  
R. A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dissolved Solids

The effect of drinking high mineral content coal mine pit water on the health and growth of yearling tropically adapted steers was investigated. Steers consumed town water (~ 30 mg sulfate/L) or dilutions of pit water, which at the highest concentration contained (mg/L) 4000 sulfate as well as 3082 chloride, 328 calcium, 562 magnesium, 2600 sodium, and other minerals at lesser concentrations (total dissolved solids, 8600 mg/L). The growth and performance of the steers were measured as average daily weight gain, dry matter intake, faecal dry matter content, and water intake. Health was assessed using haematological indices (packed cell volume, haemoglobin, and others) and on randomly selected animals, by complete post mortem haematological and biochemical analysis. Consumption of diluted pit water of up to 2000 mg sulfate/L, if introduced gradually, did not result in a reduction in dry matter or water intake. Significant interactions (P < 0·05) occurred between rate of introduction and plane of nutrition in affecting weight gain, whereby weight gains on pit water were marginally greater when treatment was introduced abruptly. Plane of nutrition was the main effect in determination of packed cell volumes, where low plane of nutrition led to higher values. Interactions of time on pit water treatment with rate of introduction or nutrition in affecting packed cell volume were statistically significant (P ≤ 0·006) but small in magnitude (1–2%), and hence unlikely to be biologically significant since averages remained within the normal range for the age group. Pit water treatment did not compromise the animals’ health at 2000 mg sulfate/L, as assessed by visual veterinary and histopathological examinations of tissues taken at autopsy. When the concentration of pit water was increased to 4000 mg sulfate/L, dry matter intake was depressed by 14% and water intake was decreased by up to 40%, increasing slightly with longer time on treatment. Under the conditions of this experiment, beef steers can drink coal mine pit water containing up to 2000 mg sulfate/L (4000–6000 mg/L of total dissolved solids) without suffering ill effects, provided that it is introduced gradually. The study therefore provides evidence that the recommendation of 1000 mg sulfate/L as the maximum concentration in livestock drinking water may be too conservative for steers if favourable conditions exist.

Comparison of the effect of three intramuscular sedation protocols on packed cell volume and total protein in cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110647
Author(s):  
Alicia M Skelding ◽  
Alexander Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Venous Blood Sample ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Venous Blood Sampling

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in packed cell volume (PCV) and total protein following intramuscular preanesthetic sedation with one of three drug combinations in cats. Methods Thirty client-owned cats were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical study. A venous blood sample was obtained prior to administration of any sedation and PCV, total protein, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl–, iCa2+), glucose and lactate were measured. Cats were randomly assigned to receive one of three intramuscular sedation protocols (n = 10 cats/protocol): methadone 0.2 mg/kg + acepromazine 0.02 mg/kg (MA), methadone 0.2 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 5 µg/kg (MD) or methadone 0.2 mg/kg + midazolam 0.2 mg/kg + alfaxalone 2 mg/kg (MMA). Twenty-five minutes later, cats were assessed for level of sedation followed by another venous blood sampling to evaluate the same variables as above. Results There were no significant differences in demographics (age, weight, sex) between groups. Level of sedation was significantly higher in MMA cats. Within groups, after premedication, PCV and hemoglobin significantly decreased in all groups, total protein significantly decreased in the MA and MMA groups and glucose significantly increased in the MD group. For electrolytes, statistical changes were not clinically relevant; Cl– mean difference was significantly different between MA and MD; in the MD group Na+ and Cl– significantly decreased and in the MMA group Cl– significantly increased. Conclusions and relevance All three sedation protocols caused significant decreases in PCV and hemoglobin in healthy cats.

Influence of the time of sampling after death on blood measurements of the white-tailed deer

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Wesson III ◽  
Patrick F. Scanlon ◽  
Roy L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Henry S. Mosby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Periods

Some possible effects of the time of blood sampling after death were examined in the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Fifteen captive deer were shot and bled at collapse and 5 and 30 min after collapse. Packed cell volume (PCV) and blood glucose values of individual deer exhibited considerable variability during the three time periods. Blood urea nitrogen, total proteins, corticoids, progestins, and androgens did not vary appreciably owing to the time of blood sampling after death. Blood collections from shot animals should follow rigorous standardization as to time after death and site of blood sampling and should be accounted for in the design of research projects. Further, it appears undesirable to combine or compare samples collected at different times after death, or to pool blood samples taken from specimens shot, drugged, or manually restrained.

scholarly journals Effect of water treatment on the growth potential of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aina Charlotte Wennberg ◽  
Ingun Tryland ◽  
Øyvin Østensvik ◽  
Indira Secic ◽  
Marte Monshaugen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Local Anesthetic Delivered with a Dual Action Ring and Injection Applicator Reduces the Acute Pain Response of Lambs during Tail Docking

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2242
Author(s):  
Alison Small ◽  
Danila Marini ◽  
Ian Colditz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pain ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Function Ring ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Abnormal Behaviors ◽  
Control Sham

Docking the tail of lambs is a standard husbandry procedure and is achieved through several techniques including clamps, hot or cold knives and latex rings, the last of which is the most popular. All tail docking methods cause acute pain which can be reduced by application of local anesthetic, however precise anatomical injection for optimal efficacy requires considerable skill. This pen trial evaluated the ability of local anesthetic (LA) delivered with a dual function ring applicator/injector to alleviate acute tail docking pain. Thirty ewe lambs were assigned to one of three treatment groups (n = 10 per group): ring plus local anesthetic (Ring LA), ring only (Ring) and sham handled control (Sham). Lambs were videoed and their behavior categorized every five minutes for the first hour and every 10 min for the subsequent two hours after treatment. There was a significant effect (p < 0.001) of treatment on total active pain related behaviors in the first hour, with Ring lambs showing higher counts compared to Ring LA or Sham. Ring lambs also displayed a significantly higher count of combined abnormal postures (p < 0.001) than Ring LA or Sham lambs. Delivery of 1.5 mL of 2% lignocaine via the dual action device abolished abnormal behaviors and signs of pain in Ring LA lambs. However, lambs in the Ring LA group spent less time attempting to suckle compared to Ring and Sham lambs, suggesting that some residual discomfort remained.

Effect of water temperature on water consumption in female angora goats

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 163-163
Author(s):  
R.A. Cooper ◽  
Bryany Hill ◽  
J.A. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Angora Goats ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Few Data

It is commonly held that goats prefer their water ‘warm’ and that consumption may be encouraged by offering warmed water. Conversely, it is argued that water intake may go down if water is ‘too cold.’ There are, however, few data available and no definition of what constitutes ‘warm’ or ‘cold’ in the eyes of a goat. This trial was undertaken to provide some data in an attempt to confirm or refuse these conventional wisdoms.

Clinical Features of Epistaxis in Dogs: A Retrospective Study of 35 Cases (1999–2002)

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Strasser ◽  
Eleanor C. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Facial Deformity

Epistaxis was retrospectively evaluated in 35 dogs. Systemic disease was diagnosed in seven dogs and intranasal disease in 29. Nineteen dogs with intranasal disease had neoplasia. Dogs with neoplasia were older (mean 10.0 years) than dogs with nonneoplastic intranasal disease (mean 5.6 years). Signs persisting for &gt;1 month occurred more often in dogs with intranasal than systemic disease. Unilateral epistaxis did not distinguish intranasal from systemic disease. Only dogs with intranasal disease had facial deformity, decreased airflow, or regional sub-mandibular lymphadenopathy. Dogs with systemic disease had a lower packed cell volume (mean 31.8%) than dogs with intranasal disease (mean 42.7%).

scholarly journals Solvent Effect of Water on Supercritical Water Treatment of Heavy Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Morimoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Sugimoto ◽  
Shinya Sato ◽  
Toshimasa Takanohashi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Effect Of Water
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