Influence of the time of sampling after death on blood measurements of the white-tailed deer

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Wesson III ◽  
Patrick F. Scanlon ◽  
Roy L. Kirkpatrick ◽  
Henry S. Mosby
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Periods

Some possible effects of the time of blood sampling after death were examined in the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Fifteen captive deer were shot and bled at collapse and 5 and 30 min after collapse. Packed cell volume (PCV) and blood glucose values of individual deer exhibited considerable variability during the three time periods. Blood urea nitrogen, total proteins, corticoids, progestins, and androgens did not vary appreciably owing to the time of blood sampling after death. Blood collections from shot animals should follow rigorous standardization as to time after death and site of blood sampling and should be accounted for in the design of research projects. Further, it appears undesirable to combine or compare samples collected at different times after death, or to pool blood samples taken from specimens shot, drugged, or manually restrained.

Glucose determinations in plasma and serum: potential error related to increased hematocrit.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Sidebottom ◽  
P R Williams ◽  
K S Kanarek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Potential Error ◽  
Blood Specimens

Abstract This study reports the effect of increased hematocrit (packed cell volume) on the rate of decrease in plasma glucose during 6 h in blood specimens from seven newborns (cord blood) and heparin-treated blood specimens from eight adults. Mean hematocrits ranged frm 0.43 to 0.75 for the adults and from 0.51 to 0.81 for the infants. The decrease in glucose was related to time and to hematocrit. For example, in adults with a mean hematocrit of 0.43, glucose decreased from 890 +/- 40 mg/L to 570 +/- 30 mg/L (mean +/- SEM) at 6 h, whereas in adults with a mean hematocrit of 0.75, glucose decreased from 890 +/- 40 to 200 +/- 30 mg/L. In infants with a mean hematocrit of 0.51, glucose decreased from 1010 +/- 20 to 480 +/- 70 mg/L at 6 h; infants with a mean hematocrit of 0.81 had blood glucose decrease from 1010 +/- 20 to 50 +/- 30 mg/L. These results indicate that the incidence of hypoglycemia in infants with polycythemia may be overestimated, and emphasize the need for prompt handling of blood samples collected from newborns for glucose determinations.

scholarly journals Treatment of Diabetic Condition in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wister Rats Using Food Blends Such as Unripe Plantain, Soybean and Ginger

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
I. Iwanegbe ◽  
M. Suleiman ◽  
A. Jimah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Aims: To investigate the effect of food blends (plantain, soybean and ginger) on the blood glucose, lipid profile and haematological indices on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Methodology: A total of 35 rats of mean body weight 219.07 g separated into7 groups (5 per group) where induced by a single intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of streptozotocin (0.1 g dissolved in 5 ml of freshly prepared sodium citrate buffer 0.1 M, pH 4.5) at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight after fasting for 12 hours and fed with flours/blends. The flours were produced from plant materials for different treatments/blends (blend A=100% unripe plantain, B=80% unripe plantain, 14% soybean, 6% ginger, C=70% unripe plantain, 26% soybean, 4% ginger, D= 60% unripe plantain, 38% soybean, 2% ginger, E= 50% unripe plantain, 50% soybean) and the phytochemicals and minerals content were determined. Blood glucose was determined at 5 days interval for 25 days. Diabetes was confirmed in rats with blood glucose concentrations >200 mg/dl. After 25 days rats were anaesthetized with chloroform vapour and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for haematology and lipid profile determination. Results: The results showed that unripe plantain, soya beans and ginger in adequate proportion(C=70% unripe plantain, 26% soybean, 4% ginger or D= 60% unripe plantain, 38% soybean, 2% ginger) could help to reduce blood glucose, improve haematological parameters and lipid profile. Significant reduction was observed in the blood glucose level of rats fed blends C and D from 286 to 85 mg/dl and 307 to 90 mg/dl respectively at the end of experiment. These results also demonstrated that the inclusion of ginger at 6% causes rise in blood glucose level. Total cholesterol (TC) increased in all the blends. However, the lowest concentration of TC was observed in blends C and D. The highest packed cell volume (60%) and Haemoglobin (20 g/dl) level observed in rats fed blend C was significantly higher than the normal control fed conventional feeds. The increase in packed cell volume (PCV) (50%) and Hb (17 g/dl) in diabetic rats demonstrated that the formulated blend C was able to raise PCV and Hb above 50% and 17 g/dl (Normal control NC) respectively. Significant increase (P<0.05) in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) was also observed in all the blends with blend C having the least (4.0 mg/dl) close to NC (2.0 mg/dl). Conclusion: From the results it is evident that blend C will manage and improve the health status of diabetic patients.

The blood composition of Friesian bulls; variations with age and relationships with results of progeny tests

1978 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Stark ◽  
G. J. Rowlands ◽  
R. Manston ◽  
A. E. McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Volume ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
Milk Marketing ◽  
Cell Volumes

SummaryBlood samples were taken from 172 Friesian bulls during 1973–5 on three or four occasions. The bulls were in Milk Marketing Board cattle breeding centres in England and Wales and were from 1 to 14 years of age.The blood samples were analysed for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume and glucose, and samples of serum for the concentrations of albumin, total protein, urea-nitrogen, inorganic phosphate, Ca, Mg, K, Na and Cu.Packed cell volumes and haemoglobin and K concentrations were higher in bulls than those previously recorded in dairy cows. There were significant age relationships for packed cell volume, haemoglobin, albumin and globulin (P < 0·001), inorganic phosphate and erythrocytes (P < 0·01) and Ca and Mg (P < 0·05).Repeatability estimates were calculated and compared with estimates previously obtained for dairy cows.On the basis of improved contemporary comparisons of the bulls, there was a significant relationship between the average milk yield of a bulls daughters and the concentrations of urea, inorganic phosphate and K (P < 0·05) in the blood serum of the bull.

The effect of season on the composition of the blood of lactating and non-lactating cows as revealed from repeated metabolic profile tests on 24 dairy herds

1974 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rowlands ◽  
W. Little ◽  
R. Manston ◽  
Sally M. Dew
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
Autumn And Winter

SUMMARYBlood samples were taken from groups of lactating and non-lactating cows on three occasions from each of 24 commercial dairy herds sampled eight herds at a time at 6-weekly intervals throughout 1972. The blood samples were analysed for packed cell volume, blood glucose and haemoglobin, and for the serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, urea nitrogen, Ca, inorganic phosphate, Mg, K, Na, Cu, and Fe.Clear seasonal patterns were evident for packed cell volume and the mean concentrations of urea nitrogen and haemoglobin each of which were highest during the summer months. The effect of season on the concentrations of the other constituents was smaller. Mean values of packed cell volume, haemoglobin and Fe were consistently higher in the non-lactating cows than in the lactating cows. Mean concentrations of Mg were lower in the blood of non-lactating cows throughout the year; Cu concentrations followed a similar trend in the autumn and winter.There was evidence of overall herd differences regardless of season, in particular for Cu, globulin, Fe and urea nitrogen concentrations.

scholarly journals Some physiological and chemical properties of horse and cow blood samples under effect of some different types of anticoagulants

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Muna M. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Ethylene Diamine ◽  
Sodium Oxalate ◽  
Heparin Group ◽  
Blood Samples

     The purpose of the present study is to determine and compare the anticoagulants, Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, Sodium oxalate, Sodium citrate and heparin in blood samples of horse and bull, through estimation of (Hemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume and Plasma Platelets Count) and  plasma physical properties (clarity and volume) and some chemical properties (pH and calcium ion concentration). Five Blood samples were obtained from five stallions and five bulls (20 ml/sample) and were divided as 5 ml in four test tubes containing Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, sodium oxalate, sodium citrate and heparin at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala. Hemoglobin and packed cell volume were estimated immediately and then the blood samples were centrifuged for 15 min. at 3000 rpm to obtain plasma for evaluating the physical and chemical properties specified above. The horse blood samples pertaining data had no significant elevation in hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume in Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid group as compared to other groups, beside having no significant changes in pH between the four treated groups while there was a significant increase in plasma volume of oxalate and citrate as compared to Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and heparin, and there was a significant increase in plasma platelet count of Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid group as compared to heparin. As well there was a significant decrease of calcium ion concentration in Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, oxalate and citrate as compared to heparin, while the results of bull blood samples revealed that the hemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume were significantly higher in heparin group than in the oxalate and citrate groups with non significant differences with Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid group. The plasma obtained from different types of anticoagulants appeared with a high degree of clarity, and the volume of plasma had no significant increase in oxalate and citrate group as compared to other groups. The Plasma Platelet Count and calcium concentration significantly increased in heparin group as compared to other groups. In conclusion, the Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid was more reliable for horse blood samples while the anticoagulant heparin was more reliable anticoagulant for bull blood samples.

scholarly journals Effect of blood sampling schedule and method of calculating the area under the curve on validity and precision of glycaemic index values

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. S. Wolever
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Sampling Schedule

To evaluate the suitability for glycaemic index (GI) calculations of using blood sampling schedules and methods of calculating area under the curve (AUC) different from those recommended, the GI values of five foods were determined by recommended methods (capillary blood glucose measured seven times over 2·0 h) in forty-seven normal subjects and different calculations performed on the same data set. The AUC was calculated in four ways: incremental AUC (iAUC; recommended method), iAUC above the minimum blood glucose value (AUCmin), net AUC (netAUC) and iAUC including area only before the glycaemic response curve cuts the baseline (AUCcut). In addition, iAUC was calculated using four different sets of less than seven blood samples. GI values were derived using each AUC calculation. The mean GI values of the foods varied significantly according to the method of calculating GI. The standard deviation of GI values calculating using iAUC (20·4), was lower than six of the seven other methods, and significantly less (P<0·05) than that using netAUC (24·0). To be a valid index of food glycaemic response independent of subject characteristics, GI values in subjects should not be related to their AUC after oral glucose. However, calculating GI using AUCmin or less than seven blood samples resulted in significant (P<0·05) relationships between GI and mean AUC. It is concluded that, in subjects without diabetes, the recommended blood sampling schedule and method of AUC calculation yields more valid and/or more precise GI values than the seven other methods tested here. The only method whose results agreed reasonably well with the recommended method (ie. within ±5 %) was AUCcut.

Effects of magnesium on exercise performance and plasma glucose and lactate concentrations in rats using a novel blood-sampling technique

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Ju Chen ◽  
Hsuan-Ying Chen ◽  
Ming-Fu Wang ◽  
Mei-Hsiang Hsu ◽  
Woei-Ming Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sampling Device ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Adequate Diet

Repeated blood sampling in rodents is often necessary and difficult. Magnesium has been touted as an agent for enhancing physical activity. An auto-blood-sampling device coupled with a microdialysis analyzer was developed to determine blood glucose and lactate concentrations in rats subjected to treadmill exercise. The effects of magnesium on exercise performance and blood energy metabolism were also evaluated. Sprague–Dawley rats fed a magnesium-adequate diet were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups. Exercise performance was evaluated at 3 treadmill speeds (10, 15, and 20 m·min–1) with or without magnesium administration (90 mg·kg–1, intraperitoneal) in the first experiment. In the other experiment, each rat was fitted with a catheter in the jugular vein for collection of blood samples during the treadmill exercise at a speed of 20 m·min–1. Exercise performance was significantly higher at the lower speed of 10 m·min–1 in the control group. In addition, exercise performance was significantly enhanced only at 20 m·min–1 in the magnesium-sulfate-treated group when compared with the control group. Blood samples were collected every 15 min. Glucose concentrations increased significantly and then declined immediately after completion of the exercise task at 20 m·min–1 in both groups. However, glucose concentrations increased immediately after administration of magnesium and increased further during exercise when compared with those of the control group. Findings from a repeated blood-sampling assay suggest that increased blood glucose contributes to enhanced exercise performance by rats injected intraperitoneally with magnesium.

scholarly journals Effect of packed cell volume on blood glucose estimations.

1981 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 789-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
C M Dacombe ◽  
R G Dalton ◽  
D J Goldie ◽  
J P Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume

Comparison of the effect of three intramuscular sedation protocols on packed cell volume and total protein in cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110647
Author(s):  
Alicia M Skelding ◽  
Alexander Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Venous Blood Sample ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Venous Blood Sampling

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in packed cell volume (PCV) and total protein following intramuscular preanesthetic sedation with one of three drug combinations in cats. Methods Thirty client-owned cats were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, blinded, clinical study. A venous blood sample was obtained prior to administration of any sedation and PCV, total protein, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl–, iCa2+), glucose and lactate were measured. Cats were randomly assigned to receive one of three intramuscular sedation protocols (n = 10 cats/protocol): methadone 0.2 mg/kg + acepromazine 0.02 mg/kg (MA), methadone 0.2 mg/kg + dexmedetomidine 5 µg/kg (MD) or methadone 0.2 mg/kg + midazolam 0.2 mg/kg + alfaxalone 2 mg/kg (MMA). Twenty-five minutes later, cats were assessed for level of sedation followed by another venous blood sampling to evaluate the same variables as above. Results There were no significant differences in demographics (age, weight, sex) between groups. Level of sedation was significantly higher in MMA cats. Within groups, after premedication, PCV and hemoglobin significantly decreased in all groups, total protein significantly decreased in the MA and MMA groups and glucose significantly increased in the MD group. For electrolytes, statistical changes were not clinically relevant; Cl– mean difference was significantly different between MA and MD; in the MD group Na+ and Cl– significantly decreased and in the MMA group Cl– significantly increased. Conclusions and relevance All three sedation protocols caused significant decreases in PCV and hemoglobin in healthy cats.

The effect of plane of nutrition on the response by Trypanotolerant cattle to infection with Trypanosomiasis

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
D L Romney ◽  
A Njie ◽  
P Holmes ◽  
M Gill
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Groundnut Cake ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Trypanotolerant Cattle

Tse-Tse flies inhabit over 11 million km2 of Africa and are vectors of trypanosomes which cause trypanosomiasis in domestic livestock. The disease has a negative effect on productivity and is fatal in non tolerant breeds. The effect of nutrition on response to the disease was studied.Thirty two N'Dama heifers (initial mean liveweight 113 + 17.0) were offered ad libitum andropogon hay plus 10.2 g/kg LW groundnut hay (GNH) (L) or GNH and 3.9 g/kg LW groundnut cake (GNC) (H). After 4 weeks on diet, half of each group were inoculated intradermally with trypanosomes (T. Congolense) (LI and HI). Intake was measured daily and liveweights weekly, while thrice weekly blood samples were examined for parasitaemia and packed cell volume (PCV).

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