Rapid test methods for determination of the approximate average pore radius, total pore volume and surface area contained in porous materials

1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
W D Machin ◽  
B I Parsons ◽  
D S Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Rapid Test Methods

scholarly journals ACTIVITY TEST AND REGENERATION OF NiMo/Z CATALYST FOR HYDROCRACKING OF WASTE PLASTIC FRACTION TO GASOLINE FRACTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodiansono Rodiansono ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Gasoline Fraction ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Hydrogen Stream

Activity test and regeneration of NiMo/active natural zeolite catalyst for hydrocracking of waste plastic fraction of polyprophylene (PP) type have been carried out. The catalysts was prepared by loading Mo followed by Ni Metals onto the natural zeolite (Z) sample, then calcined at 500oC, oxidized and reduced at 400oC under nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen stream, respectively. The characterization of catalysts including spesific surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume were performed by gas sorption analyzer, amount of total acid sites was determined by gas sorption method, and acid site strength was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The hydrocracking process was carried out in a semi-flow reactor system at 360 oC and catalyst:feed ratio 0.5 under hydrogen stream (150 mL/hour). The feed was vaporized from the pyrolisis reactor into the hydrocracking reactor. A liquid product was collected and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The characterization results showed that spesific surface area, average pore radius, and total pore volume of the Z sample decreased after loading of the Ni and Mo metals. Amount of total acid sites of the NiMo/Z catalyst was higher than that of the Z sample. The activity of NiMo/Z catalyst decreased after several continously runs. Its regeneration produced the NiMo/Z reg catalyst with similar activity and selectivity to the fresh catalyst (NiMo/Z). The activity of catalysts at the optimum condition followed the order of NiMo/Z reg>NiMo/Z>Z (conversion of hydrocarbon C>12) and NiMo/Z reg>NiMo/Z>Z (total yield of gasoline fraction). The selectivity of catalysts for C7-C8 product followed the order of Z>NiMo/Z>NiMo/Z reg. Keywords: activity, polyprophylene, catalyst, gasoline fraction.

scholarly journals Study of activated carbon characteristic from ketaping fruit shell (Terminalia Catappa) as supercapasitors electrode

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rahma Joni ◽  
Syukri Syukri ◽  
Hermansyah Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Terminalia Catappa

Studi karakteristik karbon aktif dari cangkang buah ketaping (Terminalia Catappa) sebagai elektroda superkapasitor telah diteliti. Karbon aktif dari cangkang buah ketaping (CBK) disiapkan dengan proses karbonisasi pada suhu 400oC dan Proses aktivasi KOH pada suhu 800oC di bawah aliran gas N2. Karbon aktif CBK memiliki kandungan karbon dengan massa atomik sebesar 97,52%. Karbon aktif CBK memiliki struktur amorf dengan dua buah puncak yang lebar pada sudut 2θ yaitu 24,93o dan 42,93o yang bersesuaian dengan bidang (002) dan (100). Karbon aktif CBK yang dihasilkan memiliki pola serapan dengan jenis ikatan OH, C-H, C=O, dan C=C. Adanya ikatan OH dan C=O menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif yang dihasilkan cenderung bersifat lebih polar. Morfologi permukaan karbon aktif CBK menunjukan distribusi ukuran pori yang merata dan luas permukaan yang besar. Luas permukaan spesifik karbon aktif dari CBK adalah 799,892 m2×g-1 dengan volume total pori 0,080 cm3×g-1 dan jari-jari pori rata-rata 1,9072 nm. Kapasitansi spesifik dari karbon aktif dari CBK adalah sebesar 125,446 F×g-1. Studies on the characteristics of activated carbon from ketaping fruit shells (Terminalia Catappa) as supercapacitor electrodes have been studied. Activated carbon from ketaping fruit shells (KFS) prepared by carbonization process at 400oC and the KOH activation process is carried out at 800oC under N2 gas flow. Activated carbon KFS has a carbon content with 97.52% of atomic mass. Activated carbon KFS has an amorphous structure with two wide peaks at an angle of 2θ 24.93ᵒ and 42.93ᵒ corresponding to the plane (002) and (100). Activated carbon KFS produced has an absorption pattern with OH, C-H, C = O, and C = C bond types. The presence of OH and C = O bonds indicates that the activated charcoal produced tends to be more polar. The surface morphology of activated carbon KFS shows an even distribution of pore size and large surface area. The specific surface area of activated carbon KFS is 799.892 m2×g-1 with a total pore volume 0.080 cm3×g-1 and an average pore radius of 1.9072 nm. The specific capacitance value of activated carbon KFS is 125.444 F×g-1.Keywords: Ketaping, Activated Carbon, Supercapacitor, Activator, Capacitance. 

Optimization of Experimental Conditions for the Preparation of High Specific Surface Area Bamboo-Based Activated Carbon

2015 ◽  
Vol 1090 ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhou Zhang ◽  
Hong Ying Xia ◽  
Li Bo Zhang ◽  
Jin Hui Peng ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Average Pore

Bamboo as the raw material is carbonized to prepare high specific surface area activated carbon by microwave heating under nitrogen atmosphere in our present work. Influences of activation agents on the preparation of activated carbon are studied. The results show that activation agents have a significant influence on the preparation of activated carbon. Under the heating time of 15 min, the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon prepared utilizing KOH as activation agent is the best. When the KOH/C ratio is 4, the iodine number and yield of activated carbon are 2298 mg/g and 39.82%, respectively. The BET specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of activated carbon are 3441 m2/g, 2.093 ml/g and 2.434 nm, respectively. The micropore volume of 1.304 ml/g is 62.30% of total pore volume, indicating that the activated carbon is microporous activated carbon.

Experimental Research on the Preparation of Porous Activated Carbon from Orange Wastes

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1907-1910
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Heat Preservation

Porous activated carbon was prepared from orange wastes using zinc chloride as an activating agent by one-step carbonization method. Effects of impregnation ratio, carbonization temperature and heat preservation time on pore characteristics of activated carbon were studied. The porous structures of the orange wastes activated carbon were investigated by BET, D-R equations, BJH equations and Kelvin theory. The morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mesoporous activated carbon is gained when the impregnation ratio is 3:1; the carbonization temperature is 550°Cand heat preservation time is 1.0 h. The activated carbon has total pore volume 2.098 cm3/g, mesoporous pore volume 1.438 cm3/g, with a high BET surface area 1476m2/g. The pore distribution of the mesoporous activated carbon is very concentrative, with average pore diameter of 3.88nm. While, the high specific surface area activated carbon is gained when the impregnation ratio is 2:1; the carbonization temperature is 550°Cand heat preservation time is 1.0 h. The activated carbon has high BET surface area 1909 m2/g, while the total pore volume is only 1.448cm3/g and microporous pore volume is 0.889cm3/g, with average pore diameter of 2.29 nm.

scholarly journals Biochar from Slow Catalytic Pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis Residue: Effects of Temperature and Silica-Alumina Catalyst on Yield and Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Siti Jamilatun ◽  
Ilham Mufandi ◽  
Arief Budiman ◽  
Suhendra Suhendra
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Alumina Catalyst ◽  
Silica Alumina

The use of biochar varies on its ability as an adsorbent which adsorbs liquid or gas molecules. Biochar from Spirulina platensis residue (SPR) as an energy source, as its richness in nutrients, can be used as fertilizer and maintain water resources in plantations. Biochar can be used as an intermediary for the synthesis of nanotubes, activated carbon, carbon black, and carbon fiber. One of the essential things to be considered in the application of activated carbon from SPR is char’s characteristics. This study aimed to obtain data on the biochar and components from the pyrolysis of Spirulina platensis residue. The study was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor with electric heaters with a variety of temperatures (300-700 ⁰C) and the amount of silica-alumina catalyst (0-20%). The biochar weight was obtained by weighing the char formed at the end of the pyrolysis. The char characteristics were obtained by the surface area, total pore volume, and pore size analysis. Based on the study results, the relationship between temperature and the amount of catalyst on the characteristics of biochar was studied. The higher the pyrolysis temperature, the less biochar. Also, the use of catalysts can reduce the amount of biochar. The higher the temperature, the higher the surface area and the total pore volume while the pore radius was reduced. The optimum condition for maximum biochar yield in non-catalytic pyrolysis at a temperature of 300 ⁰C was 49.86 wt.%. The surface area, the total pore volume, and the pore radius at 700 ⁰C catalytic pyrolysis with 5% silica-alumina was obtained as 36.91 m2/g, 0.052 cm3/g, and 2.68 nm, respectively.Keywords: biochar; pore radius; silica-alumina; surface area; total pore volumeA B S T R A KPenggunaan biochar bervariasi pada kemampuannya sebagai adsorben dalam menjerap molekul cairan atau gas. Biochar dari residu Spirulina platensis merupakan sumber energi, karena kaya akan unsur hara, dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk dan pemeliharaan sumber daya air di perkebunan. Biochar dapat juga digunakan sebagai perantara untuk sintesis nanotube, karbon aktif, carbon black, dan serat karbon. Salah satu hal penting yang harus diperhatikan dalam aplikasi karbon aktif dari SPR adalah karakteristik arang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data biochar dan komponen dari pirolisis residu Spirulina platensis. Penelitian dilakukan di reaktor fixed-bed dengan pemanas listrik dengan variasi suhu (300-700 ⁰C) dan jumlah katalis silika-alumina (0-20%). Berat biochar diperoleh dengan cara menimbang arang yang terbentuk pada akhir pirolisis. Sedangkan karakteristik arang diperoleh dari analisis luas permukaan, volume pori total, dan ukuran pori. Berdasarkan hasil studi hubungan antara suhu dan jumlah katalis terhadap karakteristik biochar yang telah diteliti, semakin tinggi suhu pirolisis maka biochar semakin sedikit. Selain itu, penggunaan katalis dapat mengurangi jumlah biochar. Sebaliknya, semakin tinggi suhu semakin besar luas permukaan, dan volume pori total serta radius pori-pori semakin berkurang. Kondisi optimum untuk biochar maksimum pada pirolisis non katalitik pada suhu  300 ⁰C adalah 49,86 wt.%. Luas permukaan, total volume pori, dan radius pori pada suhu 700 ⁰C untuk pirolisis katalitik silika-alumina 5% diperoleh masing-masing sebesar 36,91 m2/g, 0,052 cm3/g, dan 2,68 nm.Kata kunci: biochar; luas permukaan; radius pori; silika-alumina; total volume pori  

scholarly journals THE STABILIZING OF ANATASE AEROGEL AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvester Tursiloadi ◽  
Hiroshi Hirashima
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Amorphous Sio2 ◽  
Bet Specific Surface Area ◽  
Sio2 Aerogel

Stable anatase is attractive to its notable functions for photo catalysis and photon-electron transfer.   Stable anatase TiO­2 containing amorphous SiO2 aerogel was prepared by hydrolysis of Ti (OC3H7)4 and Si (OC3H7)4 in a 2-propanol solution with acid catalyst. The solvent in wet gels was supercritically extracted in CO2 at 60 oC and 22 Mpa. Thermal evolutions of the microstructure of the gels were evaluated by TGA-DTA, N2 adsorption and XRD. A stable anatase TiO2 containing amorphous SiO2 aerogel with a BET specific surface area of 365 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.20 cm3/g was obtained as prepared condition. The anatase phase was stable after calcination up to 1000 oC, and BET specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter did not change significantly after calcination up to 900 oC.   Keywords: Supercritical extraction, sol-gel, aerogel, stable anatase structure

Estimation of Elastic Constants of Restoration Mortars, Used on Historic Masonries Restoration Interventions, VIA Ultrasonic Technique and Correlation to their Mechanical and Microstructure Parameters

2004 ◽  
Vol 852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Moropoulou ◽  
Asterios Bakolas ◽  
Eleni Aggelakopoulou ◽  
Anastasia Odatzidou ◽  
Christos Teas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius ◽  
Cumulative Volume

ABSTRACTEight syntheses of mortars used for restoration interventions in historic masonry were produced using the traditional materials of aerial lime and artificial pozzolanic additives. The mortars were aged over a 15-month period and then tested for properties related to chemical and mechanical stabilization using the following four analytical techniques: ultrasonic velocity propagation and the mortars' dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed), mercury intrusion porosimetry for evaluation of microstructural characteristics (percentage open porosity, bulk density, average pore radius, total cumulative volume, and specific surface area), water capillary rise tests for the determination of total cumulative volume accessible to water and capillary rise coefficients of the mortars, and conventional mechanical tests for the determination of the mortars' flexural and compressive strength. Performance is correlated to the mortars' chemical composition, microstructural characteristics (as measure by average pore radius) and mechanical characteristics as measured by dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed) and flexural and compressive strength (Fc).

Errors in the Calculation of Surface Area and Average Pore Radius

Nature ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (5015) ◽  
pp. 1092-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DOLLIMORE ◽  
G. R. HEAL
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Radius ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Average Pore Radius
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document