Study of Organic Matter in Recent Sediments Southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
L H King
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Recent Sediments

scholarly journals Sediment-water column fluxes of carbon, oxygen and nutrients in Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, inferred from <sup>224</sup>Ra measurements

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Burt ◽  
H. Thomas ◽  
K. Fennel ◽  
E. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Benthic Fluxes ◽  
Pore Waters ◽  
Overlying Water

Abstract. Exchanges between sediment pore waters and the overlying water column play a significant role in the chemical budgets of many important chemical constituents. Direct quantification of such benthic fluxes requires explicit knowledge of the sediment properties and biogeochemistry. Alternatively, changes in water-column properties near the sediment-water interface can be exploited to gain insight into the sediment biogeochemistry and benthic fluxes. Here, we apply a 1-D diffusive mixing model to near-bottom water-column profiles of 224Ra activity in order to yield vertical eddy diffusivities (KZ), based upon which we assess the diffusive exchange of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), nutrients and oxygen (O2), across the sediment-water interface in a coastal inlet, Bedford Basin, Nova Scotia, Canada. Numerical model results are consistent with the assumptions regarding a constant, single benthic source of 224Ra, the lack of mixing by advective processes, and a predominantly benthic source and sink of DIC and O2, respectively, with minimal water-column respiration in the deep waters of Bedford Basin. Near-bottom observations of DIC, O2 and nutrients provide flux ratios similar to Redfield values, suggesting that benthic respiration of primarily marine organic matter is the dominant driver. Furthermore, a relative deficit of nitrate in the observed flux ratios indicates that denitrification also plays a role in the oxidation of organic matter, although its occurrence was not strong enough to allow us to detect the corresponding AT fluxes out of the sediment. Finally, comparison with other carbon sources reveal the observed benthic DIC release as a significant contributor to the Bedford Basin carbon system.

scholarly journals Diagenetic control of nitrogen isotope ratios in Holocene sapropels and recent sediments from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1131-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Möbius ◽  
N. Lahajnar ◽  
K.-C. Emeis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Recent Sediments

Abstract. The enhanced accumulation of organic matter in Eastern Mediterranean sapropels and their unusually depleted δ15N values have been attributed to either enhanced nutrient availability which led to elevated primary production and carbon sequestration or to enhanced organic matter preservation under anoxic conditions. In order to evaluate these two hypothesis we have determined Ba/Al ratios, amino acid composition, N and organic C concentrations and δ15N on sinking particles, surface sediments, eight spatially distributed core records of the youngest sapropel S1 (10-6 ka) and older sapropels (S5, S6) from two locations. These data suggest that (i) temporal and spatial variations in δ15N of sedimentary N are driven by different degrees of diagenesis at different sites rather than by changes in N-sources or primary productivity and (ii) that present day TOC export production would suffice to create a sapropel like S1 under conditions of deep-water anoxia. This implies that both enhanced TOC accumulation and δ15N depletion in sapropels were due to the absence of oxygen in deep waters. Thus preservation plays a major role for the accumulation of organic-rich sediments casting doubt the need of enhanced primary production for sapropel formation.

Organic matter and pyritization relationship in recent sediments from a tropical and eutrophic bay

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisamara Sabadini-Santos ◽  
Thaise M. Senez ◽  
Tabatta S. Silva ◽  
Manuel R. Moreira ◽  
João Graciano Mendonça-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Recent Sediments

Rheotaxis of Elvers of the American Eel (Anguilla rostrata) in the Laboratory to Water from Different Streams in Nova Scotia

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anguilla Rostrata ◽  
American Eel ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Experimental Apparatus

In an experimental apparatus, elvers of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) showed a stronger positive rheotaxis to fresh water than to salt water. The attractiveness of the fresh water was due to dissolved and particulate organic matter; these components were bio-degradable, heat stable, and nonvolatile. Four streams near Halifax, Nova Scotia, were tested, and were found to differ greatly in their attraction of elvers. Elvers were collected from each of three of these streams, and were not found to be attracted to their own stream water; elvers from one stream gave a greater rheotactic response than elvers from the other streams. The presence of adult eels in the water rendered it more attractive, whereas the presence of elvers made it less so.

A late-glacial – Holocene palaeoecological record from Pye Lake on the eastern shore of Nova Scotia, CanadaGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20080395.

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 637-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Mott ◽  
Ian R. Walker ◽  
Samantha L. Palmer ◽  
Martin Lavoie
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Tundra Vegetation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Climatic History ◽  
Recent Sediments

Pollen and chironomid analyses and radiocarbon dating at Pye Lake on the eastern shore of Nova Scotia are used to outline the vegetation and climatic history of the area. The coast was deglaciated prior to ∼12 200 14C BP (14 300 cal BP), and herbaceous tundra vegetation invaded the area. Midge-inferred maximum summer surface-water temperatures in the lake ranged between 9 and 11 °C. Subsequent gradual warming to ∼18 °C by 10 800 14C BP (12 725 cal BP) favoured the migration of a variety of herbaceous and shrub taxa into the region. Rapid cooling to ∼10 °C saw vegetation revert to herbaceous tundra communities. This interval, related to the Younger Dryas cold interval of the North Atlantic and Europe, lasted until ∼10 000 14C BP (11 630 cal BP). The climate then warmed again to conditions similar to those that prevailed immediately before onset of Younger Dryas cooling. Further warming saw successive tree species migrate into the area until, by the mid-Holocene, the forests contained most of the taxa prevalent today. Since ∼3500 years ago, cooling of the climate has favoured conifer species over broad-leaved taxa. Agriculture and logging practices in the last 150 years have altered the forest composition, but pollen analysis of the most recent sediments cannot resolve these changes adequately.

Molecular and isotopic characterization of organic matter in recent and sub-recent sediments from the Dead Sea

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B.P Oldenburg ◽  
Jürgen Rullkötter ◽  
Michael E Böttcher ◽  
Arie Nissenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Isotopic Characterization ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Recent Sediments

A MINERALOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF THE DIKELAND SOILS OF NOVA SCOTIA

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. Heystek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Study ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Bacterial Reduction ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
High Organic Matter Content

Six profiles taken from the dikeland areas of Nova Scotia were examined chemically and mineralogically. The mineralogy of the various layers was similar within and between profiles, except that the reddish layers contained goethite while the grey layers did not. The latter were very strongly acidic and had an unusually high organic matter content due to burial of undecomposed vegetation by tidal sediments. While they contained no goethite, they had a significant amount of "free iron". It is proposed that where sufficient organic matter was available the grey layers were produced by anaerobic bacterial reduction of the reddish iron oxides.Quartz was the predominant non-clay mineral associated with mica, feldspar and chlorite. The clay fraction consisted of illite with characteristics of muscovite, chlorite similar to "swelling" chlorite, kaolinite and montmorillonite.

Origin and formation pathways of kerogen-like organic matter in recent sediments off the Danube delta (northwestern Black Sea)

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk Garcette-Lepecq ◽  
Sylvie Derenne ◽  
Claude Largeau ◽  
Ioanna Bouloubassi ◽  
Alain Saliot
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Recent Sediments
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