scholarly journals Studies of Clay Minerals and Organic Matter of the Recent Marine Sediments from Japan Trench:Marine Geochemical Investigations on Recent Sediments (First Report)

1966 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Hosaku KAWAHARA ◽  
Jiro ISHII ◽  
Yoshiaki MAITA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
First Report ◽  
Recent Sediments

scholarly journals The mineralogy of suspended matter, fresh and Cenozoic sediments in the fluvio-deltaic Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt–Ems area, the Netherlands: An overview and review

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Griffioen ◽  
G. Klaver ◽  
W.E. Westerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Early Diagenesis ◽  
Heavy Minerals ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Recent Sediments ◽  
Cenozoic Sediments

AbstractMinerals are the building blocks of clastic sediments and play an important role with respect to the physico-chemical properties of the sediment and the lithostratigraphy of sediments. This paper aims to provide an overview of the mineralogy (including solid organic matter) of sediments as well as suspended matter as found in the Netherlands (and some parts of Belgium). The work is based on a review of the scientific literature published over more than 100 years. Cenozoic sediments are addressed together with suspended matter and recent sediments of the surface water systems because they form a geoscientific continuum from material subject to transport via recently settled to aged material. Most attention is paid to heavy minerals, clay minerals, feldspars, Ca carbonates, reactive Fe minerals (oxides, siderite, sulphides, glauconite) and solid organic matter because they represent the dominant minerals and their properties form a main issue in subsurface and water management. When possible and relevant, the amounts, provenance, relationship with grain size distribution, early diagenesis and palaeohydrological evolution are described. Tables with statistical data about the mineral contents and isotopic composition of carbonates and organic matter are presented as overviews. The review on the mineralogy of Dutch fluvial and marine environments is more extensive than that for the other sedimentary environments because the first two have been studied much more intensively than the others and they also form the larger part of the Dutch deposits. The focus is on the natural background mineralogy of Dutch sediments, but this is hard for recent sediments, largely because the massive hydraulic infrastructure present in the Netherlands has probably also affected the mineralogy and geochemistry of sediments deposited in recent centuries. Many findings are summarised, several of which lead to more general insights for the Dutch situation. Ca carbonates in sediments often have several provenances and thus must be considered as mixtures. Dolomite is commonly present in addition to calcite. The importance of biotite as weatherable mica is unclear. Weathering of heavy minerals plays some role but it is unclear in which way it affects the heavy mineral associations. Clays are usually dominated by illite, smectite and their interstratified variant, while kaolinite is usually below 20% and chlorite below 5%. Vermiculite is a minor constituent in fluvial clays and its illitisation presumably happens during early diagenesis in the marine environment. Opaque Fe hydroxides can be present in addition to Fe oxyhydroxide coatings and both will play a role in redox chemistry as reactive Fe minerals. Feldspars in marine sediments must be present but they have not been properly studied. The genesis of rattle stones and carbonate concretions has not been completely elucidated. The fraction of terrigeneous organic matter in estuarine and coastal marine sediments is substantial. The available data and information are spread irregularly over the country and the reviewed information discussed in this paper is derived from relatively small-scale studies dealing with a limited amount of analysed samples. Much information is available from the Scheldt estuaries in the southwestern part of the Netherlands partly due to the severe contamination of the Western Scheldt in recent decades.

Particle Size Effects on Concentration of Metals in Lake Erie Bottom Sediments

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Mudroch
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Sediment Samples

Abstract Surface sediment samples obtained at the offshore and nearshore area of Lake Erie were separated into eight different size fractions ranging from <2 µm to 250 µm. The concentration of major elements (Si, Al, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Mn and P), metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, V, Co and Pb) and organic matter was determined together with the mineralogical composition and morphology of the particles in each size fraction. The distribution of the metals in the offshore sediment was bimodal with the majority of the metals divided between the 63 to 250 um size fraction which also contained the highest concentration of organic matter (about 20%) and the <4 µm fraction containing up to 60% of clay minerals. However, the metals in the nearshore sediment were associated mainly with the clay minerals.

Clay minerals in recent sediments of lake Kinneret (Tiberias), Israel

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Singer ◽  
M. Gal ◽  
A. Banin
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Lake Kinneret ◽  
Recent Sediments

Erratum to ‘Control of sulphate and methane distributions in marine sediments by organic matter reactivity’ [Geochimica et Cosmochimica 104 (2013) 183–193]

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 225-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Meister ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Timothy G. Ferdelman ◽  
Bo Barker Jørgensen ◽  
Arzhang Khalili
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Sediments

Fractionation of natural algal organic matter and its preservation on the surfaces of clay minerals

2021 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 106235
Author(s):  
Longmeng Wei ◽  
Hongling Bu ◽  
Yanfu Wei ◽  
Honghai Wu ◽  
Gehui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Algal Organic Matter

scholarly journals Geochemistry and mineralogy of recent sediments of Guanabara Bay (NE sector) and its major rivers - Rio de Janeiro State - Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCIA DE MELO FARIA ◽  
BRAZ A. SANCHEZ
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
River Mouth ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Recent Sediments

Geochemical and clay mineralogical studies of bottom sediments collected along the Macacu and Caceribu rivers and Guanabara Bay were carried out in order to investigate the relationship between major source areas and recent sediments of the bay. Clay mineralogy includes different groups with selective distribution conditioned by geomorphic features and depositional settings. Micaceous clay minerals are abundant near parent rock in the upper course, whereas kaolinite derived from varied sources is gradually concentrated towards the estuary. In the Guanabara Bay, kaolinite accumulates near river mouths, while micaceous clay minerals are converted into mixed layers in the estuary. Analyses of heavy metal contents reveal higher levels of Zn and Cu in sediments of the bay than in river sediments. Profiles along rivers indicate a downstream decrease of heavy metals, whereas in the bay geochemical trends display greater variations. In general river mouth sediments present the lowest concentrations. At the north and east of Paquetá Island anomalous areas with the highest heavy metal contents occur. Cu tends to concentrate in < 2mum grain-size fraction and indicates an association with micaceous clay minerals in the upper river course. However, Cu retention seems to be further controlled by other components of bottom sediments due to changes in physical and chemical conditions of the estuarine environment. Zn shows unstable behavior along the rivers and concentrates in the bay. Pb displays small variations from river to bay sediments, and accumulates mainly in the < 63mum grain-size fraction without any association with clay mineral. Geoaccumulation indexes of Cu, Pb and Zn classify the study area as unpolluted in both studied rivers and in the NE sector of the bay, though the enrichment factors are higher in the bay. The study does not indicate those rivers as major sources of heavy metal pollution to the bay.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document