scholarly journals In vitro protocol for validating interface pressure sensors for therapeutic compression garments: Importance of sphygmomanometer placement and initial cuff diameter

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inhwa Jung ◽  
Zhaoqian Xie ◽  
Qingze Huo ◽  
Jongwon Kim ◽  
Jaehyuk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Placement ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
T Test ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Initial Diameter ◽  
Optimal Protocol ◽  
Plastic Cylinder

An optimal protocol is needed to validate the performance of future interface pressure sensors for compression garments when using a sphygmomanometer. PicoPress® was used on a rigid plastic cylinder (r=4 cm). An FDA-cleared aneroid sphygmomanometer was used to apply pressures from 10-60 mmHg with a diameter of 8 cm or 12 cm placed either beneath the sphygmomanometer’s airbag or fabric cuff. A two-tail t-test was performed (P<0.05 for significance) for all applied pressures. PicoPress® outputs vary with sensor placement (airbag vs fabric cuff) and the initial cuff diameter. Sensor placement overlying the sphygmomanometer’s fabric cuff compared to the airbag led to significantly higher pressures (37%-135%) depending on the cuff diameter size. These differences were nearly all statistically significant (P<0.05). Validation of new interface pressure sensors deploying a sphygmomanometer for calibration should specify the location of sensor placement location and initial diameter with a preference for placement under the airbag.

Comparison of piezoresistive sensor to PicoPress® in in-vitro interface pressure measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Wei Chi ◽  
Kuo-Hao Tseng ◽  
Ruya Li ◽  
Tingrui Pan
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
T Test ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Interface Pressure ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Pressure

Objective Interface pressure, the sine qua non for compression therapy, is rarely measured in clinical practice and scientific research. The goal of this study aimed to compare and examine the accuracy between a commercially available piezoresistive sensor and PicoPress® (Microlab, Padua, Italy) using the cylinder cuff model to measure in-vitro interface pressure. Method Ten piezoresistive sensors were calibrated using the National Institute of Standard and Technology certified manometer, and compared to PicoPress® using cylinder cuff model from 20 to 120 mmHg. Two statistical analyses were performed: (a) two-sample t-test to compare the front to back surface of the piezoresistive sensors using mean pressure value and (b) one-sample paired t-test to compare the front and back surface of the piezoresistive sensors to PicoPress® and true pressure using mean pressure value. Result There was no difference in interface pressure measurement between the front and back surface of the piezoresistive sensors (P > 0.05). Using mean pressure value, there was no significant difference between the front surface, back surface of the piezoresistive sensors, and PicoPress® (P > 0.05). Standard deviation was larger for the piezoresistive sensors than PicoPress® at any given pressure and this difference was more pronounced in the higher pressure range. Conclusion Piezoresistive sensor may represent a viable alternative to PicoPress® in interface pressure measurement.

Absorption, Wicking and Drying Characteristics of Compression Garments

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canan Saricam
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Compression Garments ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the influence of the production parameters on the moisture related comfort characteristics of the compression garments that differ according to the tension applied during the production and elastane count. Correlation analysis, two sided independent t-test analysis and ANOVA tests were applied to analyze the relationship between the production parameters and comfort characteristics which are absorption, vertical and transfer wicking and drying. It was found that tension and elastane composition affect the comfort characteristics by changing the porosity, thickness and the pathways within the fabric.

Micromachined Pressure Sensors on Optical Fiber Tip

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
X.M. Zhang ◽  
M. Yu ◽  
Silas Nesson ◽  
H. Bae ◽  
A. Christian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Sensor Element ◽  
Batch Fabrication ◽  
In Vitro Measurements

This paper reports the development of a miniature pressure sensor on the optical fiber tip for in vitro measurements of rodent intradiscal pressure. The sensor element is biocompatible and can be fabricated by simple, batch-fabrication methods in a non-cleanroom environment with good device-to-device uniformity. The fabricated sensor element has an outer diameter of only 366 μm, which is small enough to be inserted into the rodent discs without disrupting the structure or altering the intradiscal pressures. In the calibration, the sensor element exhibits a linear response to the applied pressure over the range of 0 - 70 kPa, with a sensitivity of 0.0206 μm/kPa and a resolution of 0.17 kPa.

scholarly journals An in-vitro study to evaluate the accuracy of dies obtained from dual arch impression trays using addition silicone impression material and tray combinations

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
P K Parajuli ◽  
S George ◽  
V Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
T Test ◽  
Impression Material ◽  
Tooth Preparation ◽  
Made In ◽  
Plastic Trays

Background: Dual-arch impression technique allows the simultaneous recording of  tooth preparation, opposing anatomic tooth and maxillomandibular relationship. The  accuracy of reproduction of this easy and quick technique, however, has not been  studied in detail in past. Objective: To compare the accuracy of the impressions  made by using the same impression material in dual arch plastic trays, dual-arch  metal trays and acrylic resin custom trays. Methods: The dies obtained from the  addition silicone impressions made in dual-arch plastic trays, dual-arch metal trays  and full arch acrylic resin custom trays were compared for the dimensional accuracy  with the prepared typodont tooth as a control. Student’s paired t-test and unpaired  t-test were used for the data analyses using the Statistical Package for Social Studies  (SPSS) version 11.5. Results: The dies obtained from all the impression combinations  showed increased dimension (acrylic resin custom trays 9.4 mm±0.048, dual-arch  plastic trays 9.5 mm±0.035, dual-arch metal trays 9.41 mm±0.017) as compared to  the dimension of control (9.39 mm±0.007). Conclusion: All the tray-impression  material combinations showed variable accuracies. Full arch acrylic resin trays  resulted in greatest accuracy whereas dual-arch plastic trays the least accuracy.Health Renaissance 2014;12(2):  pp: 111-117

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Facial Pressure and Air Leak with a Newly Designed Cushion for Non-Invasive Ventilation Masks

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 523
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Lin ◽  
Yu-Chi Lee ◽  
Ssu-Hui Wang ◽  
Li-Ying Chiang ◽  
Jui-Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Air Leak ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
The Face

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a newly designed foam cushion on the air leakage and pressure when applied to the face. Methods: A teaching manikin connected to a bilevel positive airway pressure ventilator attached to four different brands of oronasal masks (Amara, Mirage, Forma, and Wizard) was used. The foam cushions of 5-mm and 10-mm-thickness were attached to the masks, and each mask was tested without a cushion. Six pressure sensors were placed on the manikin’s face, and data were recorded. Inspiratory volume and air leak flow from the ventilator were observed. Results: Air leakage was influenced by both the mask brand and the presence of a cushion. The presence of a cushion did not affect the Wizard mask in terms of leakage (p = 0.317) or inspiratory volume (p = 0.726). The Wizard and Amara masks generated the lowest contact pressure on the frontal forehead (p < 0.001) compared to the other five points. Conclusions: Utilisation of a cushion reduces air leakage and maintains greater inspiratory volume regardless of its thickness. The contact pressure varies depending on the brand of the mask, which would require a difference in the thickness of the cushion for pressure reduction.

scholarly journals Fluoride Concentration in SDF Commercial Products and Their Bioavailability with Demineralized Dentine

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Aline Laignier Soares-Yoshikawa ◽  
Jaime Aparecido Cury ◽  
Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
Keyword(s):  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Silver Diamine Fluoride ◽  
Direct Technique

Abstract The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the fluoride concentration in silver diamine fluoride (SDF) products and their bioavailability with demineralized dentine. The products evaluated (expected fluoride concentrations) were: I: Saforide 38% (45,283 ppm F); II: Advantage Arrest 38.3 to 43.2% (45,283 to 51,013 ppm F); III: Ancárie 12% (14,100 ppm F); IV: Ancárie 30% (35,400 ppm F), V: Cariestop 12% (14,100 ppm F) and VI: Cariestop 30% (35,400 ppm F). The fluoride concentration was evaluated using an ion-specific electrode (ISE) by direct technique, which was confirmed after microdiffusion. The pH of the products was determined with a pH test strip. For the bioavailability test, demineralized dentine slabs were treated with one of the products for 1 min. Loosely (CaF2-like) and firmly-bound fluoride (FAp) were determined. The fluoride concentration found in the products (mean±SD; ppm F) by the ISE direct technique was: I:53,491±554; II:57,249±1,851; III:4,814±268; IV:5,726±43; V:10,145±468; VI:11,858±575; these values were confirmed after microdiffusion (t-test; p>0.05) and disagree with the declared by the manufacturers. The pH of Ancárie 12 and 30% was 6.0 and 4.5, respectively, in disagreement with the alkaline pH expected for SDF solution and found in the other products evaluated. There was no correlation between either CaF2-like (r=0.221; p=0.337) or FAp (r=-0.144; p=0.830) formed in demineralized dentine and fluoride concentration found in the products. The problems of pH and fluoride concentration found in available professional commercial SDF products suggest that they are not under sanitary surveillance.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Appliance and Trephine Bur for Apical Location: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Esther Cáceres Madroño ◽  
Paulina Rodríguez Torres ◽  
Soraya Oussama ◽  
Álvaro Zubizarreta-Macho ◽  
María Bufalá Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Osteotomy Site ◽  
End Point ◽  
Planning Software ◽  
Preparation Techniques

To compare and contrast the accuracy of piezoelectric ultrasonic insert (PUI) and trephine bur (TB) osteotomy site preparation techniques for apical location. (1) Material and methods: A total of 138 osteotomy site preparations were randomly distributed into one of two study groups. Group A: TB technique (n = 69) and B: PUI technique (n = 69). A preoperative cone-beam computed tomography scan and an intraoral scan were performed and uploaded to implant-planning software to plan the virtual osteotomy site preparations for apical location. Subsequently, the osteotomy site preparations were performed in the experimental models with both osteotomy site preparation techniques and a postoperative CBCT scan was performed and uploaded into the implant-planning software and matched with the virtually planned osteotomy site preparations to measure the deviation angle and horizontal deviation as captured at the coronal entry point and apical end-point between osteotomy site preparations using Student’s t-test statistical analysis. (2) Results: The paired t-test found statistically significant differences at the coronal entry-point deviations (p = 0.0104) and apical end-point deviations (p = 0.0104) between the TB and PUI study groups; however, no statistically significant differences were found in the angular deviations (p = 0.309) between the trephine bur and piezoelectric ultrasonic insert study groups. (3) Conclusions: The results showed that the TB is more accurate than the PUI for apical location.

scholarly journals Effect of Tannic Acid on Bond Strength of Etch and Rinse and Self-etch Adhesive Systems in Dentin of Primary Teeth

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Abdollahi ◽  
Masoumeh Ebrahimi ◽  
Alireza Sarraf Shirazi ◽  
Faraneh Abdolhoseinpour
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
T Test ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Self Etch

ABSTRACT Introduction One of the possible mechanisms for the gradual destruction of bond strength in dentin-resin interface, could be due to the demineralized unstable collagen matrix. Use of protease inhibitors, such as tannic acid (TA) could prevent destruction of collagen fibers. The aim of this study was to compare the TA effect on bond strength of etch and rinse and self-etch adhesive systems in the dentin of primary teeth. Materials and methods This in vitro study was done on 40 extracted primary molar teeth. The teeth were sectioned in the mesiodistal direction, and enamel of buccal and lingual surfaces was removed. Samples were randomly divided into four groups: Single bond (SB) + TA, SB, Clearfil SE Bond (CSB) + TA, and CSB. Then, Z250 and Clearfil AP-X composites were cured on the surfaces of SB and CSB groups respectively. After that, all samples were divided into aging and non-aging groups. For 3 months, samples were placed under 1,000 thermal cycles in aging group. Subsequently, the shear bond strengths of all groups were measured by the International testing machine, and failure mode was evaluated by an optical stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with paired t-test and independent t-test. Results Tannic acid induced a significant reduction in the immediate bond strength of adhesive SB. Meanwhile, TA had no significant effect on shear bond strength of the CSB system. Conclusion Based on our findings, use of TA is not recommended with SB and CSB adhesives on primary teeth. Clinical significance Tannic acid may not be considered in resin restorations of primary teeth. How to cite this article Ebrahimi M, Sarraf Shirazi A, Abdolhoseinpour F, Abdollahi M. Effect of Tannic Acid on Bond Strength of Etch and Rinse and Self-etch Adhesive Systems in Dentin of Primary Teeth. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(1):34-38.

scholarly journals Intratubular Enterococcus faecalis viability assessment following root canal instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating systems via fluorescence microscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-217
Author(s):  
Jamileh Ghoddusi ◽  
Ehsan Arian ◽  
Maryam Golmohammadi ◽  
Maryam Gharechahi ◽  
Siavash Moushekhian
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
T Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Root Canal Instrumentation ◽  
Reciprocating Systems

Background. The present in vitro study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the WaveOne and ProTaper Gold systems in removing the Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Methods. Thirty-eight mandibular premolars were selected. The root canals were assigned to standard control (canals serially enlarged with ProTaper Gold S1-S2-F1-F2, n=15) and experimental (canals enlarged with Primary WaveOne file, n=15) groups. Following the instrumentation procedure, the root canals underwent a sampling procedure, and the colonyforming unit (CFU) counts were determined. The samples were also evaluated under a fluorescent microscope to evaluate viable bacteria. The data were analyzed using independent samples t test and paired samples t test. Results. The results showed that, compared with the ProTaper group, the WaveOne group exhibited the least viable bacteria (P=0.004). Conclusion. It was concluded that comparison with the ProTaper Gold rotary system, the WaveOne reciprocating file is more successful in reducing intratubular viable bacteria counts.

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