scholarly journals The improvement of early maturity red rice mutant trait for drought tolerance

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eries D. Mustikarini ◽  
Noer Rahmi Ardiarini ◽  
Nur Basuki ◽  
Kuswanto Kuswanto
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
The Right

Accession of red rice does not have the traits of early maturity, drought tolerance and high yield. Mutation is needed to obtain the desired genetic resources. Gamma-ray irradiation is the right method because it was proved capable of producing hundreds of new varieties, which are better than the previous. This study aimed to identify the improvement of early maturity and drought tolerance of red rice mutant to gamma ray irradiation results. The research materials are M4, M5 and M6 strain, which are derived from the Bangka’s accession local red rice (Celak Madu, Ruten Puren and radix). The three accession seed have been treated with gamma-ray irradiation doses of 150, 200 and 250 Gray. The results showed gamma ray irradiation dose of 150 Gray and 200 Gray to red rice accession can form a mutant with the character of harvesting time less than 115 days after planting and was more drought tolerant than the previous. M6-GR150- 1-9-13 strain was selected as a candidate for early maturity, drought tolerant and high yield mutant.

Selection for Growth Traits on M1V1 Generation of Raja Bulu Banana (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) Obtained by Gamma Rays Irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nandariyah Nandariyah ◽  
Endang Yuniastuti ◽  
Sukaya Sukaya ◽  
Sonia Ika Yudhita
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

<p><a name="_Hlk39513249"></a><span lang="EN-US">Raja Bulu is one of the banana varieties favored by the community because of its thick fruit flesh and sweet taste. However, its parthenocarpic characteristic and vegetative propagation make this banana variety has limited genetic variation. Attempt to improve the genetic variation was conducted through induced mutation breeding using gamma-ray mutagens. This research aimed to select M1V1 generation of Raja Bulu banana (<em>Musa paradisiaca</em> Linn.) obtained by gamma rays’ irradiation for their growth traits which are expected to produce banana varieties that have an early maturity and high yield. This study used a randomized complete block design without replication by observing the generative growth of each individual of Raja Bulu banana irradiated by gamma rays and without radiation as a control. The results showed that gamma-ray irradiation treatment caused Raja Bulu banana to be harvested earlier and produced higher fruit weight than controls. The gamma-ray irradiation had a random influence on Raja Bulu bananas. The 10 Gy gamma-ray irradiation dosage influenced the morphological diversity in the generative phase of Raja Bulu banana. The treatment of gamma irradiation resulted in 5 individual plants that flowered and matured earlier as compared to controls</span><span lang="IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Seleksi Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) Berumur Genjah Hasil Iradiasi Sinar Gamma Generasi M2

Agrologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsah Ashri Noor Azizah ◽  
Noladhi Wicaksana ◽  
Dedi Ruswandi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Spatial Plan

Mutation breeding  using gamma-ray irradiation is one way to improve thevariability of bambara groundnuts. Improved variability can increase the effectiveness of selection on bambara groundnuts. The objective of this research was to obtain some genotypes of bambara groundnut of M2 generation that are of early maturity and high yield from gamma-ray irradiation through phenotypic selection. The experimental design was Spatial Plan, using the descriptive-comparative method. Bambara groundnuts accessions (KB-29 (1)) were treated with gamma-ray irradiation with different doses namely 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy. The results of this study showed that the phenotypic variability of the population irradiated by gamma rays 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy on the character of flowering time, harvest time, and all yielding ability characters was broad. The results of selection obtained 30 of the best genotypes that have advantages in the character of early maturity based on scoring value.

High-yielding NERICA mutant rice for upland areas and hope for Bangladeshi farmers.

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Mirza Mofazzal Islam ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Begum ◽  
Rigyan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Drought is an important stress phenomenon in Bangladesh that greatly hampers crop production. So, it is imperative to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Low-yielding, non-uniform flowering and late-maturing Africa rice - New Rice for Africa (NERICA), viz. NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 varieties - were irradiated with different doses of gamma-rays (250, 300 and 350 Gy) in 2010. M1 plants were grown and M2 plants were selected based on earliness and higher grain yield. The desired mutants along with other mutants were grown as the M3 generation during 2011. A total of 37 mutants from NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 were selected on the basis of plant height, short duration, drought tolerance and high yield in the M4 generation. In the M5 generation, six mutants were selected for drought tolerance, earliness, grain quality and higher yield. With respect to days to maturity and grain yield (t/ha), the mutant N1/250/P-2-6-1 of NERICA-1 matured earlier (108 days) and had higher grain yield (5.1 t/ha) than the parent. The mutant N4/350/P-4(5) of NERICA-4 also showed a higher grain yield (6.2 t/ha) than its parent and other mutants. On the other hand, NERICA-10 mutant N10/350/P-5-4 matured earlier and had a higher yield (4.5 t/ha) than its parent. Finally, based on agronomic performance and drought tolerance, the two mutants N4/350/P-4(5) and N10/350/P-5-4 were selected and were evaluated in drought-prone and upland areas during 2016 and 2017. These two mutants performed well with higher grain yield than the released upland rice varieties. They will be released soon for commercial cultivation and are anticipated to play a vital role in food security in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Screening for Drought Tolerance in Thirty Three Taro Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F.T. GANANÇA ◽  
José G.R. FREITAS ◽  
Humberto G.M. NÓBREGA ◽  
Vanessa RODRIGUES ◽  
Gonçalo ANTUNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Duration

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is a root crop which is an important staple food in many regions of the world, producing 10.5 million tonnes on 1.4 million hectares a year. The crop is cultivated in wet (rain fed) or irrigated conditions, requiring on average 2,500 mm water per year, and in many countries it is cultivated in flooded plots. It is estimated that taro production could decrease by 40% as a result of the increase in drought and other severe events. In this work, thirty three accessions, including local cultivars, selected and hybrid lines were submitted to long duration drought stress and screened for tolerance. Twelve physiological, morphological and agronomic traits were measured at harvest, and subject to multivariate analysis. Stress indices, Water Use Efficiency and Factorial Analysis were useful for discriminating accessions regarding drought tolerance and yield stability, and drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars were identified. Our results confirm that different taro cultivars have different drought avoidance and tolerance strategies to cope with water scarcity. Better yield performers minimised biomass and canopy loss, while tolerance was observed in cultivars that presented low potential yield, but efficiently transferred resources to enhance corm formation. Among the 33 accessions, two local cultivars showed high yield stability and could be considered as suitable parents for breeding programs, while two others are well adapted to drought, but with overall low yield potential.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Selection Indices Using Grain Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446
Author(s):  
Irfan ERDEMCI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Southeast Anatolia

Among abiotic stresses, drought is undoubtedly one of the most important ones, that have great impact on crop growth and productivity worldwide. Therefore, identifying of plants' performance against drought stress and estimating drought tolerance become a necessary part of the breeding phase. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of several indices that combine drought tolerance and high yield potential in chickpea. The trials were conducted under both stressed and no-stressed environments for two growing seasons (2015/2016-2016/2017) in Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Varyans analysis results showed that there were significant differences among genotypes regarding Yp, Ys, MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MISTIk 1, MISTIk 2, HM, YI, PI, ATI, SNPI and RDY. The genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP97-503C and FLIP06-97C had high yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C and ‘Aksu’ displayed high amount under stressed condition. Thus, the genotypes FLIP09-51C and FLIP06-97C were found as good candidates for commercial recommendation in both conditions. Spearman rank correlation matrix showed that drought indices were significantly related to each other. The yields in stress and no-stress conditions (Yp and Ys) showed a significant and positive correlation with MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MSTIK1, MSTIK2 and HM and showed a negative correlation with PI and RDY. As a result, it has been found that MISTIK2, DI, HM, STI and YI can be used as optimal indicators for screening drought-tolerant genotypes, while FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C, EN934 and ‘Aksu’ varieties have been the most tolerant genotypes in terms of these indices examined in study.

Impact of mutant varieties in Malaysia: challenges and future perspectives for mutation breeding.

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Rusli Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Nuclear Research ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiated

Abstract Malaysia has made substantial progress in plant mutation breeding with the use of nuclear techniques and related biotechnologies, not only in the development of new mutant varieties but also in the establishment of an excellent nuclear research centre. A total of 53 mutant varieties have been developed, including rice Oryza sativa (19), banana Musa acuminata (one), groundnut Arachis hypogaea (two), orchid Dendrobium 'Sonia' (six), chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum morifolium (seven), hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (three), roselles Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (three) and other ornamental and landscaping plants (12). Most of the new ornamental varieties have been developed by both acute and chronic gamma-ray irradiation of seeds, rooted cuttings, bulbs and tissue cultures. Food crops that have an economic impact on sustainable agricultural production are mutant varieties of banana ('Novaria') and rice (MRQ74, MR219-9 and MR219-4). 'Novaria' is a selection made from a mutant, 'GN-60A', of 'Grande Naine' (AAA Musa) identified from gamma-ray treated populations of the Biotechnology Laboratory in Seibersdorf, Austria. 'Novaria' was the first mutant variety, officially released in 1995 by the Malaysian Nuclear Agency as a new variety for its improved characteristics such as early flowering, short stature and high yield. MRQ74 is a type of high-quality fragrant rice with newly induced traits such as resistance to blast, long and slender grain shape, non-sticky and with the elongation properties of cooked rice similar to those of Basmati-type rice. It is an indirect mutant variety released in 2003 and one of its parental lines for cross-breeding was the mutant 'Mahsuri', which was developed through mutation breeding using gamma-rays. In 2014, two new mutant varieties of rice, 'MR219-9' and 'MR219-4', which are drought tolerant, high yielding and resistant to blast, were selected from gamma irradiated material. Despite these achievements, applications of induced mutation have decreased during the past 10 years due to reduced funding. Mutation breeding is still a promising technique for the development of novel varieties which in combination with advanced molecular genetics can bring plant mutation breeding into a new era.

scholarly journals Regenerasi Tanaman dari Kalus Tebu yang Diiradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Medium dengan PEG 6000

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Agus Purwito ◽  
Nidya Ravenska ◽  
Dan Awang Maharijaya
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Selection Medium ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Sugarcane cultivars tolerant to drought stress are needed for specific location. In vitro selection can be used to obtain plants tolerant to drought stress through regeneration of callus in the culture medium. The purpose of this study was to obtain regenerants from irradiated callus on the stress medium. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was the regeneration medium (RG) added with PEG 6000, i.e., 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, while the second factor was the dose of gamma ray irradiation i.e. 0 krad, 5 and 10 krad, and 15 krad. There were 12 treatments, each treatment was repeated 18 times and each repetition was a culture bottles planted with three clums of callus 10 mm diameter. RG medium was the MS medium added with 0.5 mg L-1 BAP, Kinetin 0.1 mg L-1 and IBA 1.0 mg L-1. The higher the concentration of PEG, the less regenerants were produced. Regenerants could be generated from the selection medium PEG up to 15%. Several shoots still produced from callus irradiated with 10 krad. Selection medium with PEG up to 10% decreased the precentage of albino regenerants. The gamma ray irradiation dose and the concentration of PEG significanly affected the number of  roots produced.<br /><br />Keywords: drought tolerant, in vitro, polyethylene glycol, plantlets, albino<br /><br />

scholarly journals Growth and yield of new hybrid rice in irrigated and rain-fed lowlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Afa ◽  
Bambang S. Purwoko ◽  
A. Junaedi ◽  
Oteng Haridjaja ◽  
Iswari S. Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Two experiments were conducted at (i) irrigated lowland, village of Bojong, Cikembar, Sukabumi Sub-district, Indonesia, from November 2011 to February 2012, and (ii) rain-fed lowland, village of Sanca, Gantar sub-district, Indramayu, Indonesia, from April to July 2012. The objective of the experiment was to determine the yield of drought-tolerant hybrid rice genotypes. A randomized block design with three replications was used. The treatment consisted of 8 hybrid rice genotypes (BI485A/BP3, BI485A/BP5, BI485A/BP10, BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15, BI599A/BP5, BI599A/BP15 and BI665A/BP6) and 2 check varieties (Hipa 7 and Ciherang) for the experiment in irrigated lowland, 4 hybrid genotypes (BI485A/BP3, BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15 and BI599A/BP15) and 3 check varieties (Hipa 7, IR64 and Limboto) for the experiment in rain-fed lowland. On irrigated lowland, all tested-genotypes produced grain yield per hectare, which was not significantly different from the check varieties Ciherang and HIPA 7. The yield of genotype BI485A/BP12, BI485A/BP15 and BI559A/BP15 under irrigated lowland showed non-significant different with check varieties Ciherang and Hipa 7, i.e 5.63, 6.87, and 6.30 tons ha-1, respectively. Genotype BI599A/BP15 under severe drought rain-fed lowland yielded 0.90 tons of grain ha-1, whereas Hipa 7 (hybrid variety, suitable for rain-fed lowland) and Limboto (drought-tolerant check variety) reached 0.34 and 0.29 tons ha-1, respectively. Genotype BI599A/BP15 is a new hybrid genotype that potential for advanced development in rain-fed lowland and in irrigated lowland with a high yield potential and quiet early-maturity age.

scholarly journals Selection Strategy of Drought Tolerance of Red Rice Mutant Lines

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eries D. Mustikarini ◽  
Noer Rahmi Ardiarini ◽  
Nur Basuki ◽  
Kuswanto Kuswanto
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Rice Mutant ◽  
Mutant Lines
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