scholarly journals Screening for Drought Tolerance in Thirty Three Taro Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
José F.T. GANANÇA ◽  
José G.R. FREITAS ◽  
Humberto G.M. NÓBREGA ◽  
Vanessa RODRIGUES ◽  
Gonçalo ANTUNES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Drought Avoidance ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Long Duration

Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] is a root crop which is an important staple food in many regions of the world, producing 10.5 million tonnes on 1.4 million hectares a year. The crop is cultivated in wet (rain fed) or irrigated conditions, requiring on average 2,500 mm water per year, and in many countries it is cultivated in flooded plots. It is estimated that taro production could decrease by 40% as a result of the increase in drought and other severe events. In this work, thirty three accessions, including local cultivars, selected and hybrid lines were submitted to long duration drought stress and screened for tolerance. Twelve physiological, morphological and agronomic traits were measured at harvest, and subject to multivariate analysis. Stress indices, Water Use Efficiency and Factorial Analysis were useful for discriminating accessions regarding drought tolerance and yield stability, and drought tolerant and susceptible cultivars were identified. Our results confirm that different taro cultivars have different drought avoidance and tolerance strategies to cope with water scarcity. Better yield performers minimised biomass and canopy loss, while tolerance was observed in cultivars that presented low potential yield, but efficiently transferred resources to enhance corm formation. Among the 33 accessions, two local cultivars showed high yield stability and could be considered as suitable parents for breeding programs, while two others are well adapted to drought, but with overall low yield potential.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Selection Indices Using Grain Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-446
Author(s):  
Irfan ERDEMCI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Southeast Anatolia

Among abiotic stresses, drought is undoubtedly one of the most important ones, that have great impact on crop growth and productivity worldwide. Therefore, identifying of plants' performance against drought stress and estimating drought tolerance become a necessary part of the breeding phase. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of several indices that combine drought tolerance and high yield potential in chickpea. The trials were conducted under both stressed and no-stressed environments for two growing seasons (2015/2016-2016/2017) in Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Varyans analysis results showed that there were significant differences among genotypes regarding Yp, Ys, MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MISTIk 1, MISTIk 2, HM, YI, PI, ATI, SNPI and RDY. The genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP97-503C and FLIP06-97C had high yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C and ‘Aksu’ displayed high amount under stressed condition. Thus, the genotypes FLIP09-51C and FLIP06-97C were found as good candidates for commercial recommendation in both conditions. Spearman rank correlation matrix showed that drought indices were significantly related to each other. The yields in stress and no-stress conditions (Yp and Ys) showed a significant and positive correlation with MP, MRP, GMP, REI, STI, MSTIK1, MSTIK2 and HM and showed a negative correlation with PI and RDY. As a result, it has been found that MISTIK2, DI, HM, STI and YI can be used as optimal indicators for screening drought-tolerant genotypes, while FLIP09-51C, FLIP06-97C, EN934 and ‘Aksu’ varieties have been the most tolerant genotypes in terms of these indices examined in study.

Drought resistance of spring wheat varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Ganbaatar B ◽  
Batbold S
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
High Yield Potential

Selection for drought tolerance typically involves evaluating genotypes for either high yield potential or stable performance under drought stress. In order to select drought tolerant varieties of bread wheat an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications during the growing season 2014-2018. Eight drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity index (MP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI) and drought resistance index (DI) were calculated and adjusted based on grain yield under drought years (Ys) and favorable years (Yp). Result of study showed significant positive correlation between grain yield in the stress condition (Ys) with indicators STI, GMP, TOL, MP, and DI, accordingly they are discriminating drought tolerant genotypes at the same manner. Wheat varieties Darkhan-172, Darkhan-72, Altaiskaya-325, Altaiskaya-70, Darkhan-181 has a high yield potential. Genotypes Darkhan-160, Arvin, Darkhan-144 most droughts tolerant and can be use in wheat breeding for improving drought resistance. Зусах зөөлөн буудайн сортуудыг ган тэсвэрийнүнэлэмжээр үнэлсэн дүнгээс Судалгаагаар манай оронд өргөн тариалагдаж байгаа өөрийн орны селекцээр гаргасан болон гадаадын нийт 20 сортонд ган тэсвэрийн индекс:стресс тэсвэрийн индекс (SТI), тэсвэрийн индекс (TOL),стресс мэдрэмжийн индекс (SSI), ган тэсвэрийн индекс (DI)-ээрүнэлгээ өгсөн. Зусах зөөлөн буудайн ургац ба ган тэсвэрийн индексүүдийн хооронд эерэг нягт хамааралыг тогтоосон. Чийгийн хангамж сайтай жилд потенциаль ургацаар буудайн эртийн болцтой Дархан-172, дунд-эртийн болцтой Дархан-72, Алтайская-325, Алтайская-70, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-181 сортууд шалгарсан ба эдгээр сортуудыг селекцид хагас эрчимжсэн сорт гаргахад ашиглаж болно. Ган тэсвэр өндөртэй сортыг бий болгоходселекцид эртийн болцтой Дархан-160, дунд-эртийн болцтой Арвин, дунд оройн болцтой Дархан-144 сортуудыг эх материалаар ашиглаж болно. Зусах буудайн Дархан-144 сорт нь гадаад орчны нөхцөлд дасан зохицох чадвар сайтай сортоор шалгарав. Түлхүүр үг: болц,сорт, ургац, стресс, индекс

Evaluation of Agronomic Traits of Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Inbred Lines Under Plastic House in Thua Thien Hue

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3E) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trương Thị Hồng Hải ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Thể ◽  
Phan Thu Thảo
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Pure Line ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sponge Gourd

In order to establish the pure line of sponge gourd containing aroma feature, we selected the desirable inbred lines by using a self-pollinating method. The present study was investigated to estimate the morphological traits and fruit quality of 6 sponge gourd inbred lines which generated at 4th generation of an aroma Luffa accession B29 under plastic house conditions. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, from May to November in 2016. Five plants per replication were examined. The results indicated that all inbred lines could grow well under plastic house conditions. The inbred lines had the same stem and leaf traits; whereas fruit shape, skin color and fruit veins color were observed differently among inbred lines. The aromatic trait was retained in all inbred lines either before or after cooking. The high yield was found in lines BC1 and BC2 by 10.1 tons/ha and 10.7 tons/ha, respectively. These inbred lines should be examined in open field condition to confirm the presence of aromatic trait and yield potential before completion of the procedures for recognition of new Luffa varieties.  

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Contribution of Wild Relatives to Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) Yield Stability across Contrasted Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1992
Author(s):  
Hafid Aberkane ◽  
Ahmed Amri ◽  
Bouchra Belkadi ◽  
Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf ◽  
Jan Valkoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Environment Interaction

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is mostly grown in Mediterranean type environments, characterized by unpredictable rainfall amounts and distribution, heat stress, and prevalence of major diseases and pests, all to be exacerbated with climate change. Pre-breeding efforts transgressing adaptive genes from wild relatives need to be strengthened to overcome these abiotic and biotic challenges. In this study, we evaluated the yield stability of 67 lines issued from interspecific crosses of Cham5 and Haurani with Triticum dicoccoides, T. agilopoides, T. urartu, and Aegilops speltoides, grown under 15 contrasting rainfed and irrigated environments in Morocco, and heat-prone conditions in Sudan. Yield stability was assessed using parametric (univariate (e.g., Bi, S2di, Pi etc) and multivariate (ASV, SIPC)) and non-parametric (Si1, Si2, Si3 and Si6) approaches. The combined analysis of variance showed the highly significant effects of genotypes, environments, and genotype-by-environment interaction (GEI). The environments varied in yield (1370–6468 kg/ha), heritability (0.08–0.9), and in their contribution to the GEI. Several lines derived from the four wild parents combined productivity and stability, making them suitable for unpredictable climatic conditions. A significant advantage in yield and stability was observed in Haurani derivatives compared to their recurrent parent. Furthermore, no yield penalty was observed in many of Cham5 derivatives; they had improved yield under unfavorable environments while maintaining the high yield potential from the recurrent parent (e.g., 142,026 and 142,074). It was found that a limited number of backcrosses can produce high yielding/stable germplasm while increasing diversity in a breeding pipeline. Comparing different stability approaches showed that some of them can be used interchangeably; others can be complementary to combine broad adaption with higher yield.

High-yielding NERICA mutant rice for upland areas and hope for Bangladeshi farmers.

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Mirza Mofazzal Islam ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Begum ◽  
Rigyan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Drought is an important stress phenomenon in Bangladesh that greatly hampers crop production. So, it is imperative to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Low-yielding, non-uniform flowering and late-maturing Africa rice - New Rice for Africa (NERICA), viz. NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 varieties - were irradiated with different doses of gamma-rays (250, 300 and 350 Gy) in 2010. M1 plants were grown and M2 plants were selected based on earliness and higher grain yield. The desired mutants along with other mutants were grown as the M3 generation during 2011. A total of 37 mutants from NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 were selected on the basis of plant height, short duration, drought tolerance and high yield in the M4 generation. In the M5 generation, six mutants were selected for drought tolerance, earliness, grain quality and higher yield. With respect to days to maturity and grain yield (t/ha), the mutant N1/250/P-2-6-1 of NERICA-1 matured earlier (108 days) and had higher grain yield (5.1 t/ha) than the parent. The mutant N4/350/P-4(5) of NERICA-4 also showed a higher grain yield (6.2 t/ha) than its parent and other mutants. On the other hand, NERICA-10 mutant N10/350/P-5-4 matured earlier and had a higher yield (4.5 t/ha) than its parent. Finally, based on agronomic performance and drought tolerance, the two mutants N4/350/P-4(5) and N10/350/P-5-4 were selected and were evaluated in drought-prone and upland areas during 2016 and 2017. These two mutants performed well with higher grain yield than the released upland rice varieties. They will be released soon for commercial cultivation and are anticipated to play a vital role in food security in Bangladesh.

Yield Potential and Stratified Growth Analysis of an Indeterminate Climbing Pole Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) in Mexico

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fanjul ◽  
J. Kohashi-Shibata ◽  
E. Hernandez-Xolocotzi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Major Factors

SUMMARYThe yield potential of a highly productive non-commercial Type IV bean cultivar was determined under optimum field conditions, grown in monoculture at 1 plant/m2 on trellises 3 m high. Canopy growth was analysed by dividing the stand into 25 cm horizontal strata. The main components of yield were number of inflorescences and number of pods per stratum. Daily yield for the growing period was 4.9 g dry weight/m2. Although a high yield per plant was recorded (823 g/plant) drop of young pods and seed abortion were the major factors reducing the potential yield.

Effect of sowing time and nitrogen on rice cultivars of differing growth duration in New South Wales. 1. Yield and yield components

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Reinke ◽  
LG Lewin ◽  
RL Williams
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Long Duration

New South Wales rice crops commonly take >180 days from sowing to harvest, and a reduction in crop duration is sought to increase the efficiency of rice production. The response of rice cultivars of differing growth duration to sowing time and N application was examined across 2 growing seasons. The highest yields were obtained at early sowing dates in each season. In season 2, the maximum yield of the short-duration cultivar M101 was not significantly different to the long-duration cultivars Calrose, Pelde, and M7, with yields >12 t/ha. However, yield of cv. M101 was significantly less than the long-duration cultivars at an early sowing date in season 1. Analysis of yield components did not clearly indicate the reason for reduced yield of the short duration cultivar. Damage by birds and mice before harvest, exacerbated by early maturity, is a possible cause.Later sowing reduced yields of all cultivars, with the short-duration cultivar-least affected. Optimum N application decreased with delay in sowing. At early sowings there was a positive yield response to increasing N, whereas at the latest sowings in each season the N response was negative for all cultivars. Where the yield response to applied N was positive, the yield component most associated with yield was the number of florets per unit area (r = 0.55). Where the yield response was negative, yield reductions were primarily caused by a reduction in the proportion of filled grains (r = 0.83). Minimum temperatures during the reproductive stage of each cultivar explained only a small amount of the variation in percentage of filled grain. Low minimum temperatures during the reproductive stage were not the sole cause of the reduction in proportion of filled grains of late-sown, high-N plots. The high yield potential of short-duration cultivars in The high yield potential of short-duration cultivars in the New South Wales rice-growing area is clearly demonstrated, as is the value of such cultivars where late sowing is unavoidable.

scholarly journals Descriptive Statistics and Heritability for Agronomic Traits and Grain Micronutrient Content in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Avinash Kumar ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
N. K. Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
S. K. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Breeding Programmes

In the present investigation, 10 parents and their 45 crosses (half diallel) along with 2 standard checks (Rajendra Nilam and Rajendra Mahsuri-1) were evaluated during Kharif, 2018 in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications at Rice Farm Section, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University (RPCAU), Pusa, Bihar. The objective of this study was to identify promising rice genotypes having desirable combination of morphological traits along with high grain iron and zinc content and high grain yield potential. The results of variability parameters indicated that ample amount of genetic variability was present for all the studied traits. Most of the traits showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating fruitfulness of selection for improvement of these traits. One genotype (P2×P7) with high grain iron (16.10 ppm) and grain zinc (26.40 ppm) content along with high yield (43.12 g/plant) was identified. Genotypes with high grain iron coupled with high grain yield (P7×P9, P8×P9, P5×P7 and P5×P9) and high  grain zinc content coupled with high grain yield (P4×P7, P9×P10, P8×P9 and P5×P7) were also identified. These promising genotypes identified can be used further in breeding programmes to obtain superior segregants with high grain micronutrient content and high grain yield.

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