scholarly journals Dichoropetalum schottii: examination of the type specimen, distribution and comparison with D. carvifolium-chabraei (Apiaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Eugene V. Kljuykov ◽  
Tatiana A. Ostroumova ◽  
Fabio Conti ◽  
Patricia M. Tilney
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Secretory Ducts

The lectotype and isolectotype specimens of <em>Peucedanum schottii</em>, based on plants originally cultivated in Cremenets Botanical Garden, have been studied in detail. The geographic provenance of the plants is unknown but they are identical to natural populations in Albania, Bosnia &amp; Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Montenegro and Serbia. The valid name for this plant is therefore <em>Dichoropetalum schottii.</em> It differs from a related species, <em>D.</em> <em>carvifolium-chabraei,</em> in having glabrous umbel rays, white (not yellow) petals, long styles and solitary secretory ducts in fruit valleculae.

High seed viability recorded in an endangered endemic species, 'Isoplexis isabelliana' (Scrophulariaceae), after more than 30 years of storage in a conservation seed bank

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e69341
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel González Pérez ◽  
Nereida Cabrera-García ◽  
Isabel Cayon-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Ex Situ

Conservation seed banks are essential for ex-situ conservation of genetic biodiversity. These institutions are especially relevant for threatened species and play a vital role in their conservation by preserving genetic material. However, samples deposited in the seed banks must germinate when necessary to use them (i.e., recovery plans, etc.). This study uses four accessions of the endemic endangered species from Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands), Isoplexis isabelliana (Webb & Berthel.) Masf. (Scrophulariaceae). Germination tests were carried out to measure seed viability through time and the possible impact of seed storage on their viability. These accessions have been kept in the seed bank for four months to thirty years under different storage conditions. Germination results differed for seeds after 45 days of exposition using 16 hours light and 8 hours darkness at 17 °C. Accessions kept in the seed bank, independently of storage, showed a high germination percentage (89%). Whereas the accessions with rough storage conditions showed a 0% germination rate. The results highlighted the good state of conservation of the material deposited in the Seed Bank of the Botanical Garden "Viera y Clavijo" and the reliability of the temperature and humidity conditions in which the seeds of I. isabelliana have been stored. We consider these results as momentous since several natural populations of I. isabelliana has been affected by the last forest fire on the island.

scholarly journals Miconia gigantea, a long-forgotten endemic and endangered species of Melastomataceae in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (3 suppl) ◽  
pp. 1809-1818
Author(s):  
LILIAN P.G. DA ROSA ◽  
JOSÉ F.A. BAUMGRATZ ◽  
SEBASTIÃO J. DA SILVA NETO
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Floristic Studies ◽  
Occurrence Records

ABSTRACT Taxonomic and floristic studies in the state of Rio de Janeiro allowed the rediscovery of Miconia gigantea, an endemic species to the Atlantic Forest, until recently known only from the type specimen, collected over 100 years by A.F.M. Glaziou. We present an amended and detailed description of M. gigantea, providing characteristics of the flowers, fruits and seeds, in addition to illustrations, comments about taxonomic affinities with closely related species, the presently known distribution together with new occurrence records, and the conservation status.

Designation of a neotype for the Brazilian porcupine, Coendou prehensilis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2791 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
YURI L. R. LEITE ◽  
VILACIO CALDARA JÚNIOR ◽  
ANA CAROLINA LOSS ◽  
LEONORA PIRES COSTA ◽  
ÉVERTON R. A. MELO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Shed Light

The Brazilian porcupine was one of several species described and illustrated by the 17 th -century naturalist Georg Marcgrave, whose text was among the primary references upon which Linnaeus based his Hystrix prehensilis. As currently understood, Coendou prehensilis is a wide-ranging polytypic taxon that has never been revised and may represent a complex of closely related species. Given that no name-bearing type specimen of C. prehensilis is believed to be extant, and in order to avoid ambiguous application of this name, we designate a specimen collected at the type locality in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil, as the neotype for Hystrix prehensilis Linnaeus. The geographic distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes suggests that specimens from west-central Brazil previously identified as “Coendou prehensilis” belong to a different species, but only a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus will shed light on species limits and the geographic ranges of C. prehensilis and other congeneric forms.

Pagurus pubescens and a Proposed New Name for a Closely Related Species in the Northwest Atlantic (Decapoda: Anomura)

1964 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Diagnostic Character ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Northwest Atlantic ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Name ◽  
Anterior Division

Reference is made to Krøyer's description of the hermit crab, Pagurus pubescens, and to Stimpson's later description of P. krøyeri. Comparison of specimens of krøyeri with the type specimen of pubescens showed them to be identical. The American species thought by Stimpson to be pubescens and, therefore, left without a name, is now given a name, P. arcuatus. Both species are compared with P. trigonocheirus, and a new diagnostic character, the shape of the anterior division of the third sternite, is used.

CONCERNING SCOLOPS COCKERELLI, (HOMOPTERA. FULGORIDAE)

1930 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 120-122
Author(s):  
Paul B. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
University Science

In his paper on the genus Scolops (Kansas University Science Bulletin, Volume XVIII, page 417, 1928), Breakey comes to the conclusion that Scolops cockerelli Fowler is a synonym of Ball's Scolops robustus. On pages 427-428 he records the comparison of specimens of a number of closely related species with the type specimen of Fowler's species by Mr. W. E. China of the British Museum.

scholarly journals Taxonomic validation of a well-known Odontoglossum (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae) “ghost”

Lankesteriana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Dalström
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Taxonomic History

The plant that was first called “Odontoglossum wyattianum” by Gurney Wilson was exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on January 3, 1928. No official description was ever published and no type specimen was ever designated, or has surfaced, hence making this distinct species a taxonomic ‘ghost’. The taxonomic validation of Odontoglossum wyattianum is made here through the designation of a holotype, together with a diagnosis, a brief taxonomic history and comparison with similar and closely related species.

scholarly journals Lack of underdominance in a naturally occurring pericentric inversion in Drosophila melanogaster and its implications for chromosome evolution.

Genetics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-802
Author(s):  
J A Coyne ◽  
S Aulard ◽  
A Berry
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Pericentric Inversion ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract In(2LR)PL is a large pericentric inversion polymorphic in populations of Drosophila melanogaster on two Indian Ocean islands. This polymorphism is puzzling: because crossing over in female heterokaryotypes produces inviable zygotes, such inversions are thought to be underdominant and should be quickly eliminated from populations. The observed fixation for such inversions among related species has led to the idea that genetic drift can cause chromosome evolution in opposition to natural selection. We found, however, that In(2LR)PL is not underdominant for fertility, as heterokaryotypic females produce perfectly viable eggs. Genetic analysis shows that the lack of underdominance results from the nearly complete absence of crossing over in the inverted region. This phenomenon is probably caused by mechanical and not genetic factors, because crossing over is not suppressed in In(2LR)PL homokaryotypes. Our observations do not support the idea that the fixation of pericentric inversions among closely related species implies the action of genetic drift overcoming strong natural selection in very small populations. If chromosome arrangements vary in their underdominance, it is those with the least disadvantage as heterozygotes, like In(2LR)PL, that will be polymorphic or fixed in natural populations.

The Pollination Biology of Dendrobium speciosum Smith: a Case of False Advertising?

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
AT Slater ◽  
DM Calder
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
High Occurrence ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Pollination Mechanisms ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Olfactory Display

Potential pollinators of Dendrobium speciosum are attracted to the plant by large, cream to yellow, finely segmented, aromatic inflorescences. Plants in natural populations flower synchronously, produc- ing a massive display. Osmophores scattered over the perianth produce a strong, sweet scent in sunny weather. Nectar-seeking insects are guided to the central, reproductive area of the flower by the colour gradation of the perianth, including an area of high U.V. reflection near the centre, and a bright yellow ridge along the labellum. A tube formed by the labellum and column directs the potential pollinators. The flower, however, produces no nectar. Flowers vary in size within the six recognised varieties of D. speciosum and are pollinated when visited by bees of appropriate size. Post-pollination closure of flowers prevents further access by potential pollinators. The dendrobium beetle and larvae feed on the plant and inflorescences and play no part in pollination. The low fruit set, characteristic of this species, is considered to be a combined result of self-infertility and the absence of rewards offered by the flower. The specific climatic conditions during which pollinators visit the flowers are also important. The attraction and pollination mechanisms are similar among all observed varieties of D. speciosum as well as some closely related species, possibly explaining the high occurrence of hybrids within this group. It is concluded that D. speciosum provides a visual and olfactory display through the production of a large number of hermaphrodite non-rewarding flowers on each inflorescence, and relies on infrequent outcrosses for successful pollination.

scholarly journals Trypanosomatids are common and diverse parasites ofDrosophila

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (7) ◽  
pp. 858-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. WILFERT ◽  
B. LONGDON ◽  
A. G. A. FERREIRA ◽  
F. BAYER ◽  
F. M. JIGGINS
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Model System ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Spliced Leader ◽  
Geographical Locations

SUMMARYDrosophila melanogasteris an important model system of immunity and parasite resistance, yet most studies use parasites that do not naturally infect this organism. We have studied trypanosomatids in natural populations to assess the prevalence and diversity of these gut parasites. We collected several species ofDrosophilafrom Europe and surveyed them for trypanosomatids using conserved primers for two genes. We have used the conserved GAPDH sequence to construct a phylogenetic tree and the highly variable spliced leader RNA to assay genetic diversity. All 5 of the species that we examined were infected, and the average prevalence ranged from 1 to 6%. There are several different groups of trypanosomatids, related to other monoxenous Trypanosomatidae. These may represent new trypanosomatid species and were found in different species of EuropeanDrosophilafrom different geographical locations. The detection of a little studied natural pathogen inD. melanogasterand related species provides new opportunities for research into both theDrosophilaimmune response and the evolution of hosts and parasites.

scholarly journals The Antioxidant Analysis of Selected Types of Climbing Plants with Therapeutic Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hrúzová ◽  
E. Mňahončáková ◽  
J. Šimková
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Climbing Plants ◽  
Potential Food

Abstract Climbing plants with therapeutic effects are relatively little studied group of medicinal species. In the collection of climbing species planted in 2019 in the Botanical Garden of the Slovak University of Agriculture (SUA) in Nitra, we observed the growth and potential food, horticulture and healing use. For the antioxidant analysis, 7 species from 152 plants of 13 genera and 22 species were selected. The highest antiradical activity was recorded in the species Vigna sinensis, where reached average measured values achieved up to 73.79%. However, the related species Vigna unguiculata achieved only 26% of antioxidant activity. Of the fruits, the highest activity was Momordica charantia in immature state (73%). Other fruits showed very low antiradical activity

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