scholarly journals A new tuning fork with different vibration frequencies as an aid to bronchopulmonary hygiene physiotherapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Roberto De Alcântara ◽  
Roberta Munhoz Manzano ◽  
Maicon Gabriel Gonçalves ◽  
Rodrigo Leonel Dos Santos ◽  
Daniel Donaire Albino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Vibration Frequencies ◽  
Fixed Frequency ◽  
Digital Oscilloscope ◽  
Mucociliary System ◽  
Tuning Forks ◽  
Different Dimensions

Background: The main function of the mucociliary system is the removal of particles or substances that are potentially harmful to the respiratory tract. The tuning fork therapeutic for the purpose of bronchial hygiene has still not been described in the literature. The optimal vibration frequency to mobilize secretions is widely debated and varies between 3 and 25 Hz. It is expected that a tuning fork is able to generate vibrations in the thorax, facilitating bronchial hygiene. The aim of the present study is to develop tuning forks with different frequencies, for use in bronchopulmonary hygiene therapy. Methods: The first tuning fork was made with a fixed frequency of 25 Hz and it was recorded in the Brazilian institution of patent registration. This device generated a frequency of 25 Hz and had a weight of 521 g, with dimensions of 600 mm in total length. The device is characterized by a bottom end containing a transducer with a diameter of 62 mm and a thickness of 5/16 mm (8''), a rod removable 148 mm, fork length of 362 mm and an extension at the upper end of sinuous shape bilaterally.The tuning forks must be applied at an angle of 90° directly on the chest wall of the patient after pulmonary auscultation for location of secretions. The tuning fork is activated by squeezing the tips of the extensions together and releasing them in a sudden movement. Results: This study shows the result of the development of others three tuning forks of different dimensions to generate different frequencies. Each equipment reaches a fixed frequency preset of 12, 15 and 20 Hz measured by digital oscilloscope. Conclusions: The tuning fork models developed in this study generated different frequencies proposed by the scientific literature as effective in the mobilization of pulmonary secretions.

scholarly journals A Resonant Pressure Microsensor Based on Double-Ended Tuning Fork and Electrostatic Excitation/Piezoresistive Detection

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Shi ◽  
Yulan Lu ◽  
Bo Xie ◽  
Yadong Li ◽  
Junbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Piezoresistive Sensors ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Tuning Forks ◽  
Stress Buildup

This paper presents a resonant pressure microsensor relying on electrostatic excitation and piezoresistive detection where two double-ended tuning forks were used as resonators, enabling differential outputs. Pressure under measurement caused the deformation of the pressure sensitive membrane, leading to stress buildup of the resonator under electrostatic excitation with a corresponding shift of the resonant frequency detected piezoresistively. The proposed microsensor was fabricated by simplified SOI-MEMS technologies and characterized by both open-loop and closed-loop circuits, producing a quality factor higher than 10,000, a sensitivity of 79.44 Hz/kPa and an accuracy rate of over 0.01% F.S. In comparison to the previously reported resonant piezoresistive sensors, the proposed device used single-crystal silicon as piezoresistors, which was featured with low DC biased voltages, simple sensing structures and fabrication steps. In addition, the two double-ended tuning forks were used as resonators, producing high quality factors and differential outputs, which further improved the sensor performances.

Evaluation Considerations for E-Health Systems

2010 ◽  
pp. 263-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia N. Kastania
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Healthcare Quality ◽  
Evaluation Procedure ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
Quality Dimensions ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Quality And Reliability

E-health evaluation, which involves different dimensions, has increased. In traditional healthcare, quality dimensions exist but these are not sufficiently exploited for e-health. Reliability is often examined regarding technology, software, demand and survival. This chapter reviews the reasons that e-health systems need to be evaluated, the methods followed for conducting e-health evaluation studies and the main points that characterize an evaluation procedure as successful. Many researchers have presented evaluation considerations for e-health. Herein, the emphasis is on analyzing a series of ideas mined from the scientific literature that allows drawing up practical considerations for e-health evaluation. These considerations focus both on quality and reliability assurance as well as on quality and reliability improvement.

I. Notes of observations on musical beats

1880 ◽  
Vol 30 (200-205) ◽  
pp. 520-533
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Musical Pitch ◽  
Tuning Forks ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

During the last three years I have been greatly occupied with observing and counting musical beats, for the purpose of discovering the cause and amount of error in Appunn’s reed tonometer, and of measuring the number of vibrations made in a second by tuning-forks and organs, as materials for my “ History of Musical Pitch.” The following are brief notes of some of the observations then made :— When two musical notes nearly but not accurately form a consonance, or are in unison, they beat. Under ordinary circumstances the number of beats in a second of a disturbed unison is equal to the difference of the number of double vibrations in a second made by each note. It is not so always, as will be shown later on. If x and y be the “ pitch ” or number of vibrations in a second, made by two musical tones, of which y is the sharper ; then, if my — nx =0, the tones form what I have termed a considence , that is, the n th partial of x falls on the same rank or seat as the m th partial of y . Considences are not always consonances, because other partials of the notes may beat roughly, as when m : n = 8 : 9 or 9 :10 or 15 :16, which are well known dissonances, but give appreciable considences. But if the pitch of either x or y be slightly altered, so that my — nx =± b , the two consident partials become what I have termed dissident , or placed on different ranks or seats, and b beats in a second are heard, being called “ sharp” when positive, that is when my > nx , and “ flat ” when negative, that is when my < nx . This includes the unison for which m = n . Hence all beats heard are beats of simple partial tones , however compound may be the tones which contain them. This agrees thoroughly with my observations. Tuning-forks are comparatively simple but always possess an audible second partial or octave, and sometimes higher partials still, capable of being so reinforced by resonance jars properly tuned to them, that beats can be separately obtained from them and counted. This is a matter of great importance in the construction of a tuning-fork tonometer. When the tone is very compound, as in the case of bass reeds (especially those of Appunn’s tonometer, furnished with a bellows giving, when properly managed, a perfectly steady blast for an indefinite length of time), beats can be obtained and counted from the 20th to the 30th and even the 40th partial, without any reinforce­ment by a resonance jar.

scholarly journals CONSOLIDATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF REGULATORY INSTITUTIONS WHILE IMPLEMENTING E-GOVERNMENT SOLUTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Davidavičienė ◽  
Jurgita Raudeliūnienė ◽  
Elena Vengrienė ◽  
Artūras Jakubavičius
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Main Function ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regulatory Institutions ◽  
Information Technology Development

In the context of globalization, information technology development and transformation not only the needs of the society are changing, structural changes are taking place in the management of the activities of the regulatory institutions as well, because their main function is to meet the changing needs of society. While this process is happening, it becomes difficult to balance activities of the regulatory institutions with the needs of the society and business. This is why optimization of the regulatory institutions functions is one the European Union᾽s priorities. One of the most efficient ways to increase the quality of public services, reduce expenses, encourage cooperation between institutions and make decision making process more efficiently is to create an evaluation system that allows assessment of the efficiency of the consolidation of regulatory institutions functions during the implementation of e-government. In order to solve issues, the analysis of scientific literature, multiple criteria and expert evaluation were applied. The proposed system for evaluation of the consolidation of the activities of the regulatory institutions while implementing solutions of e-government allows complete assessment of the factors and criteria, identification of drawbacks of the process and also enables to create decisions for solutions of the problems.

scholarly journals Influence of Tuning Fork Resonance Properties on Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Performance

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huadan Zheng ◽  
Haoyang Lin ◽  
Lei Dong ◽  
Yihua Liu ◽  
Pietro Patimisco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Resonance Properties ◽  
Tuning Forks ◽  
Quartz Tuning Forks ◽  
Fundamental Resonance Frequency

A detailed investigation of the influence of quartz tuning forks (QTFs) resonance properties on the performance of quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) exploiting QTFs as acousto-electric transducers is reported. The performance of two commercial QTFs with the same resonance frequency (32.7 KHz) but different geometries and two custom QTFs with lower resonance frequencies (2.9 KHz and 7.2 KHz) were compared and discussed. The results demonstrated that the fundamental resonance frequency as well as the quality factor and the electrical resistance were strongly inter-dependent on the QTF prongs geometry. Even if the resonance frequency was reduced, the quality factor must be kept as high as possible and the electrical resistance as low as possible in order to guarantee high QEPAS performance.

Measurement of the Damping of Engineering Materials During Flexural Vibration at Elevated Temperatures

1944 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. A86-A92
Author(s):  
Carl Schabtach ◽  
R. O. Fehr
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gage ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Flexural Vibration ◽  
Logarithmic Decrement ◽  
Vibration Frequencies ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Engineering Materials

Abstract The method and equipment developed and used by the authors for measuring the damping of materials are described. A tuning-fork specimen is set into vibration by jerking a spreader from the gap between the ends of the tines. The damping is expressed in terms of the logarithmic decrement of the decaying vibration, which is measured and recorded by means of a magnetic oscillograph, amplifiers, and a resistance-type electric strain gage cemented to the specimen. The results include (1) the damping of a number of materials during flexural vibration at approximately 1000 cycles per sec, at maximum bending stresses up to 40,000 psi, and at temperatures up to 1400 F; (2) the variation in modulus of elasticity with temperature, as determined from the specimen vibration frequencies.

Measuring the Interaction Force Between a Tip and a Substrate Using a Quartz Tuning Fork Under Ambient Conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 3455-3459
Author(s):  
Yexian Qin ◽  
R. Reifenberger
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Probe Microscopy ◽  
Tuning Forks ◽  
Force Data

Tuning forks mounted with sharp tips provide an alternate method to silicon microcantilevers for probing the tip-substrate interaction in scanning probe microscopy. The high quality factor and stable resonant frequency of the tuning fork allow accurate measurements of small shifts in the resonant frequency as the tip approaches the substrate. To permit an accurate measure of surface interaction forces, the electrical and piezomechanical properties of a tuning fork has been characterized using techniques derived from scanning probe microscopy. After proper calibration, representative interaction force data for a conventional Si tip and an HOPG substrate are obtained under ambient conditions.

I. On the determination of the rate of vibration of tuning-forks

1880 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
Tuning Forks ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Standard Clock ◽  
The One

In a paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Society for 1877, xxvi., 162, when describing a new method for determining the speed of machines, we pointed out that by the employment of a graduated drum rotating with a known velocity the true vibration number of a tuning-fork could be accurately determined. The following is an account of the apparatus employed, and subjoined are records of some experiments which have been made on tuning-forks with it, which, in view of the attention now being given to the subject, may prove of interest. One essential instrument proved to be a good time-measurer. It will be seen in the sequel that an electric current is required once a minute, and in the earlier experiments a two-day marine chronometer was employed, a key being depressed by hand at the end of each minute. So many difficulties, however, arose from its use that it was soon rejected and a clock substituted. Near the pendulum two springs were placed which, being pressed together at the end of each vibration, made a contact at every alternate second. About the 59 th second of each minute, a key was depressed by hand and held down until the clock completed the circuit. This, though a great improvement, was not entirely satisfactory, and endeavours had to be made to eliminate entirely all contacts made by hand. This was done by means of a compensated pendulum worked by electricity and connected with an electric clock The method of compensation was copied from that of a pendulum exhibited in the Loan Collection of Scientific Apparatus, as a model of the one belonging to the standard clock of the Royal Observatory a t Greenwich. Originally, the impulse was given by an electromagnet placed under the bob, the contact being made by a small trailing piece of steel, which, catching in a notch in a piece of steel below, depressed a spring at every alternate second. This method, which is frequently employed in small clocks, is generally arranged to give a powerful impulse to the pendulum, and this so much increases the arc of vibration that the trailing piece passes over the notch without again engaging in it until the arc has sufficiently diminished. Although such clocks are accurate enough for ordinary purposes, it is obvious that the method would be inadmissible in cases where the period of all vibrations must be the same. To ensure uniformity in this respect the battery power was diminished until the contact was made at each vibration, but after many trials the method was abandoned, for it was found that the friction between the steel trailing piece and the notched piece below was not constant, and, besides, the pendulum was often found to be swinging in an elliptic arc.

scholarly journals ELECTRICAL RESPONSES FROM THE LATERAL-LINE NERVES OF CATFISH. I

1933 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson Hoagland
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Intact Animal ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Continuous Activity ◽  
Tuning Forks ◽  
Facial Nerves

1. Records of impulses from the lateral-line nerves of catfish show that the lateral-line organs are in a state of continuous activity, producing a massive discharge of impulses. 2. The discharge may be increased during the direct application of pressure on the skin over the lateral-line canal, by ripples in the water, by irregular currents of water, and by movements of the fish's trunk. 3. The asynchronously discharging lateral-line organs respond to vibratory stimuli from tuning-forks by getting into phase with each other and by beating synchronously at frequencies ranging from 20 to 70 per second. The frequency of beating for a given preparation is independent of the frequency of the tuning-fork for the fork frequencies of 100, 200, and 250 double vibrations which were used. 4. The continuous discharge of the lateral-line system is markedly changed by alteration of temperature. The frequency declines on lowering the temperature and rises on increasing it. Spinal and facial nerves in the catfish fail to yield nerve impulses in response to changes of the skin temperature between 0° and 28°C., although the intact animal is known to be sensitive to temperature differences. 5. The action of the lateral-line system of Ameiurus in inhibiting responses initiated through the skin and ears (Parker and Van Heusen, 1917) is discussed in the light of the present experiments.

scholarly journals Interaction Between Social Business Sustainability and Consumer PurchaseDecision: Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aurelija Ulbinaitė ◽  
Neringa Raštutytė
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Consumer Perception ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Social Business ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Community Wellbeing ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Relationship

Due to the lack of research in social business sustainability development, it is necessary to investigate this problem, seeking community wellbeing. The goal of this paper is to elucidate the importance of sustainability development in relation to its different dimensions and the relationship between consumer perception and sustainability development. A systematic scientific literature analysis was performed. The results show that although sustainability is one of the main aspirations of companies, it is still difficult to achieve for effective transformation. The framework also reflects that sustainability is a particular change that has to be implemented over time, involving not only the business itself but also the surrounding environment (other systems). Furthermore, to achieve sustainable development it is essential to define which sustainability indicators will be selected, how they will be measured, and how the results will be tracked. A sustainable social business model must not be considered in isolation from its surrounding environment. Moreover, it is relevant to identify the public opinion, i.e., potential consumers, regarding effective sustainability development in order to get a more efficient result.

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