scholarly journals Malaria and HIV sero-positivity: study on selected individuals at a tertiary healthcare centre in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iheanyi O. Okonko ◽  
Anwuli U. Osadebe ◽  
Eberechukwu M. Okoli ◽  
Ego D. Eke
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Age Range

Over 50% of the global population is vulnerable to malaria infection. An estimated 300 million malaria cases occur annually in the tropics with 90% of these in the sub-Sahara, a region that already suffers the greatest burden of HIV-1 infection. This study assessed the prevalence of HIV and malaria infections in a cohort of 200 undergraduates, consisting of 100 females and 100 males, attending the Health Centre at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Blood samples were screened for the presence of malaria and HIV, using SD Boline malaria Antigen P.F. test kit and Determine® HIV one step rapid Kit. The overall prevalence for HIV in this study was 2.5% while the overall prevalence of malaria was 1.5%. The prevalence of HIV based on gender was 2.0% and 3 % for females and males, respectively. For malaria, these values were 2.0% and 1.0% for females and males, respectively. No incident of co-infection was recorded in this study. The findings did not indicate any relationship between HIV seropositivity and malaria infection but underscored the low incidence of both malaria and HIV within the 17-26 age range and amongst relatively well-educated individuals. In spite of the low prevalence observed, there is still the need for awareness of HIV and Malaria prevention amongst university students. Further studies could be undertaken to investigate other relevant epidemiology parameters with regards to HIV and malaria in the tropics.

scholarly journals Nasal Adhesions – A New Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-149
Author(s):  
Babar Rafiq Khan
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Adhesion Formation ◽  
Crust Formation ◽  
Single Procedure ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Difficult Cases

Objective: The objective of the study is to explore various causes of adhesions or faults what different surgeons commonly do and how to combat this problem. Study design: Randomized Control Trial. Settings: ENT Unit-I, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Duration: July, 2016 to June, 2018. Methodology: 500 patients undergoing septoplasty and SMR, over a period of 2 years were included in this study. Those requiring combination procedures were excluded. The study involved 400 males and 100 females. The age range was 15-75 years with a mean age of 34 years. All patients had a pre-operative nasal packing by undertraining medical officers using a roll gauze soaked in 4% Xylocaine with Topical Adrenaline 1:1000 in a ratio of 50:50 half an hour before surgery. 300 cases were operated under local anesthesia with no intravenous supplement and the remaining 200 under General Anesthesia. Results: 20 patients (04%) presented with adhesions out of which 15 were operated under General Anesthesia and 5 under local anesthesia. All these patients belonged to the non-splinted group. 07 patients (1.4%) complained of slight discomfort due to splints particularly those made of the cut drips. 03 patients (0.6%) complained of the unsightly look of the anterior ends of the splints as they were secured with stitches over the columella. Crust formation was the main problem encountered during the splinting period. Conclusion: Splints have been found to be very effective in preventing adhesion formation which are sometimes very troublesome. However, because of the very low incidence, (04%) in our studies compared to (8.1%) in other series after a single procedure on the nose, one must be very cautious in placing splints and should be placed where the surgeon strongly fears the formation of adhesions, such as in difficult cases. Suggestions: Prevention from unwanted adhesions is the best strategy to avoid adhesions.

scholarly journals Malaria Infection and Efficacy of Antimalarials among Persons Patronizing Drugstores for Malaria Treatment in Port Harcourt

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
E. L. Augustine–D ’israel ◽  
A. E. Abah ◽  
E. O. Onosakponome
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effective Case

Background: Monitoring of malaria infection and antimalarial drug efficacy is necessary for effective case management, detection of resistance and control of the disease. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess malaria infection and the efficacy of antimalarials among persons patronizing drugstores for malaria treatment in Port Harcourt and its environs, Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Whole blood was randomly collected from individuals visiting 24 drug stores for malaria treatment in three different locations in Port Harcourt and analysed using both microscopy and rapid diagnostic techniques. Results: The overall prevalence of 22.8% was recorded out of 633 participants for (P. falciparum) malaria. Infection was highest in Mile IV (Rumueme) 30.8% followed by Rumuosi, 23.1% and the least was D/Line area, 14.5% out of 221 participants per location respectively. The incidence of malaria in the study area was significantly different (X2 = 16.69; p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the intensity of malaria parasite infection in the study areas. Seven types of drugs were purchased to treat perceived malaria. 177 (26.7%) participants purchased coatem, 187 (28.3%) purchased Lonart. The others were Lumartem 133 (20.1%), P.alaxin 83 (12.5%), Amarla by 19 (2.9%) and artesunate by 57 (8.6%). All the antimalarial were purchased by those that tested positive. The most purchased drug was Lonart 11 (34.37%), Lumartem 25 (36.8%) and Malareich 19 (31.3%) in D/Line, Mile IV and Rumuosi cluster areas respectively. There was a significant difference in the antimalarials purchased. Result of Follow up test shows that only 59.6% returned to be tested and they all tested negative. Conclusion: Malaria preponderance was high among studied subjects, ACT was topmost among antimalarials regularly purchased by the individuals. Conformity to the use of ACT could be said to be impressive though not yet 100%. People who are treated for malaria should be encouraged to undergo a test after treatment for effective case management and detection of resistance.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Kits Test for Diagnosis of Malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2826-2828
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahsan Zafar ◽  
Sidra Khalid ◽  
Talha Munir
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic kits test for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Methodology: A total of 375 cases with age range 18-65 years of either gender as suspected for malaria were included in the study. We excluded all those cases already taking anti-malarial drugs. The study was conducted at Chughtais Lahore Lab, Lahore. Required blood sample were obtained following aseptic measures. Malaria RDT SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan (Catalogue No. 05FK60, Standard Diagnostics Inc, Hagal-Dong, Korea, from now on referred as “SD RDT”) was used. Patients were labeled as positive or negative on the basis of reports from hematology department assessed by microscopy and patients were labeled as positive or negative Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.84±13.44 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.01:1. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the RDT for diagnosing malaria was 96.79%, 96.28% and 96.53% respectively taking microscopy as gold standard Conclusion: Rapid diagnostic kits is very useful reliable test with high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Keywords: Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic kits, Malaria,

Results of external pituitary irradiation after unsuccessful transsphenoidal surgery in Cushing's disease

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vicente ◽  
J. Estrada ◽  
C. de la Cuerda ◽  
B. Astigarraga ◽  
M. Marazuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Anterior Pituitary Function ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Pituitary Irradiation ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Tsh Deficiency

Abstract. Fourteen adult patients (10 females and 4 males; age range 20-60 years) with persistent Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal microsurgery were treated with pituitary irradiation. Supervoltage multiportal administration was employed at a total dose of 50 Gy (±0.65 sd). The interval between microsurgery and pituitary irradiation was less than 6 months in 6 patients and more than 6 months in 8. The pituitary-adrenal axis was evaluated postsurgically, before irradiation and every 6 months thereafter. The remaining anterior pituitary function was simultaneously tested. Remission rates at 12 months and 24 months after radiotherapy were 61 and 70%, respectively. Two patients developed TSH deficiency and another gonadotropin deficiency during the follow-up after radiation. We conclude that pituitary irradiation is the treatment of choice for persistent Cushing's disease after unsuccessful surgery because of its high efficiency and low incidence of adverse reactions when compared with other forms of treatment.

Results of excision of cerebral radionecrosis: experience in patients treated with radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sui-To Wong ◽  
Ka-Tai Loo ◽  
Kwong-Yui Yam ◽  
Wai-Man Hung ◽  
Kam-Fuk Fok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Scale ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Indications For Operation ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Reoperation Rates

Object In theory, the purpose of the treatment of cerebral radionecrosis (CRN), a nonneoplastic condition, is to minimize loss of brain function by preventing the progression and reversing some of the processes of CRN. In a practical sense, factors for achieving this purpose may include the following: removal of a CRN lesion that is causing mass effect, control of brain edema, prevention of recurrence of CRN lesions, minimization of adverse effects from treatments, and achievement of reasonably long and good-quality survivals. Based on these practical issues, the authors performed a retrospective study to evaluate the results of excision for the treatment of CRN. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed the results of excision of CRN lesions in a group of patients with temporal lobe CRN due to radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients who had undergone surgery at the authors' institution between January 1998 and November 2008 were analyzed. Surgical results were evaluated by assessing postoperative resolution of brain edema, recurrence of temporal lobe CRN, surgery-related complications, and postoperative functional status and survival. Results Twenty-four patients were included (age range 39–69 years; in 23 patients nasopharyngeal carcinoma was in remission). All patients underwent craniotomy for excision of the contrast-enhancing region. The indications for operation were temporal lobe CRN lesions with a mass-occupying effect beyond the temporal lobe. There were 32 craniotomies in all (mean postoperative follow-up 40 months). It was found that brain edema resolved rapidly postoperatively. The recurrence and reoperation rates were 6.3 and 3.1%, respectively. There were no surgery-related deaths. The median survival was 72 months, and 67% of the patients had a Karnofsky Performance Scale score of ≥ 70% at the time of their last follow-up. Conclusions In a specific group of patients with CRN of the temporal lobe in whom the CRN lesions were causing a mass-occupying effect beyond the temporal lobe, excision of the contrast-enhancing region was safe and could achieve prompt resolution of brain edema and a low incidence of recurrence of CRN.

scholarly journals Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in a Tertiary Rheumatology Clinic

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Segun Akintayo Oguntona ◽  
Olabanke Arike Olatunde ◽  
Ayodeji Emmanuel Fawole
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Rheumatology Clinic ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Case Files ◽  
The Common ◽  
Age Range

Background: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is one of the common chronic diseases in childhood. The inflammatory process in the joint is triggered by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The treatment is directed at alleviation of pain, inhibition of disease activity and preservation of range of motion. Objectives: To describe the spectrum of clinical presentations, laboratory parameters and drug therapy among patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis seen at a Tertiary Health Centre. Methods: All the patients who fulfilled the classification criteria of the International League of Associations for Rheumatology for JIA between July 2012 and June 2016 were included in the study. The clinical features, results of laboratory investigations and the treatment received were recorded. Results: A total of 1910 patients were seen at the Out-Patient Rheumatology Clinic over the 4-year period but only 18 case files of patients with JIA (0.95% of total) were retrieved. There were 13 females and 5 males with a female-to-male ratio of 2.6:1. The age range was 8-15 years with a mean of 10.3 ± 2.1 years. The duration of symptoms prior to presentation ranged between 2 years and 7 years with a mean of 4.2 ± 1.3 years. Polyarticular presentation was observed among 61.1% (11/18), pauciarticular in 27.8% (5/18) and systemic in 11.1% (2/18). Fever was uniformly seen among the patients with systemic onset, while fever and joint swelling were the common presentations in the other groups. Knee and ankle joints were most commonly affected. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate was elevated in 88.9% of the patients. Methotrexate was used in 61.1% and combination therapy was used as necessary. Conclusion: JIA is relatively uncommon in the setting of study. Polyarthritis form of JIA was the commonest type and response to steroid was uniformly good. Early recognition of the subtypes of JIA will enhance effective management of cases.

scholarly journals C-Reactive Protein as an Inflammatory Biomarker for the Assessment of Malaria Parasitemia in a Tertiary Health Care Facility in Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dada A. Emmanuel ◽  
Eze N. Chinwe ◽  
Akawa B. Ayodeji
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Malaria Parasitemia ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
The University ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Serum Crp

Aim: To use C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in assessing` malaria and malaria parasitemia among out-patients in the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Out Patients Department (OPD) of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. It was conducted between November 2017 and April 2018. Methodology: This study was done on 400 subjects between the ages of 11 and 60 years which consisted of 254 falciparum malaria infected patients and 164 non-infected patients. Quantitative analysis of Serum CRP was done using the High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (HsCRP) enzyme immunoassay test kit (Biocheck©) while malaria diagnosis was done using microscopy Giemsa thick and thin film prepared on separate slides, slides were observed under the ×10 and ×100 objectives of the light microscope. Slides viewed under a high power field with parasite density less than three (<3), between 3 and 10 (3-10), from eleven to nineteen (11-19) and greater or equal to 20 (≥20) were classified as scanty, one plus (+), two pluses (++) and three pluses (+++) respectively. Data analysis was done using statistical packages for social science (SPSS) version 21. Results: The results showed a significant (p<0.001) overall mean high serum CRP concentration (25.63±14.40 mg/l) in the malaria infected patients compared to 3.74±1.02 mg/l in the non-infected group, with a direct increment of the CRP level from the scanty to the three pluses with 9.50±0.37 mg/l, 13.51±1.6 mg/l, 44.19±2.62 mg/l and 53.84±1.75 mg/l recorded for scanty, one plus, two pluses and three pluses respectively. CRP correlated positively and significantly with malaria parasitemia (r = 0.89; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The abnormally elevated level of CRP in the infected patients showed that CRP is a positive biomarker for Plasmodium falciparum malaria and can be used as an indicator of the disease coupled with other febrile symptoms.

scholarly journals Malaria and Intestinal Parasites among Children in Muslim Schools, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Eze, Chinwe Nwadiuto ◽  
Owhoeli Ovutor ◽  
Olasunkanmi, Rukayat Motunrayo
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Ancylostoma Duodenale ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Malaria and intestinal helminthes infections are major public health problem in low and middle-income countries affecting over 2 million people across the globe. Objectives: This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria and intestinal parasites among Muslim school children in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Methodology: Four Muslim schools: kab model school Rumuagolu, Manbaul hikma Eliozu, An-nur school Rumuodomaya and Al-ameen school Eneka. One hundred and fifty (150) blood and stool samples were collected randomly from the pupils (70 males and 80 female; age range 5-12 years) and examined between the Months of May to July 2018. Results: The overall prevalence of 50.7%, and 43.3% was recorded for malaria and intestinal helminthes respectively. The prevalence for malaria was 32.5%, 63.0%, 58.0% and 50.0%. Intestinal helminthes was 30%, 53.3%, 42.0% and 53.0% for kab, Manbaul hikma, An-nur and Al-ameen Schools respectively. The frequency of parasites encountered was as follows, Strongyloides stercoralis 8.7%, Ascaris lumbricoides 14.0%, Enterobious vermicularis 1.3%, Necator americanus 5.3%, Ancylostoma duodenale 4.7%, and Trichuris trichuria 9.3%. Malaria and intestinal helminthes infection was highest in females with 51.2% and 45.0% respectively. Pupils between ages 9-10 had the highest infection rate of (54.0%) for malaria while ages 7-8 had the highest prevalence of 47.7% for intestinal helminthes. Co-infection was 22.0%, 23.0%, 22.0% and 32.0% for kab, Manbaul hikma, An-nur and Al-ameen Schools Respectively. Conclusions: The overall infection for malaria and intestinal helminthes was high. Therefore, regular de-worming of the pupils by parents, and health education are necessary to keep the prevalence in check. This study may also be used to predict risk for communities under consideration.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KADAR TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR – α DENGAN DENSITAS PLASMODIUM PADA PENDERITA MALARIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Roinwowan ◽  
Janno B. B. Bernadus ◽  
Angle M. H. Sorisi
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Systemic Complications ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract: Malaria is a parasitic infection that attacks the erythrocytes. This disease remains a global health problem, especially in developing countries in the tropics and subtropics. Symptomatic malaria infection include fever, chills, anemia and splenomegaly. Malaria infection can progress without any complications but can also develop systemic complications known as severe malaria. The cause of malaria is plasmodium infection, Plasmodium in humans infected erythrocytes (red blood cells) and asexual breeding experience in liver tissue and erythrocytes. In this research, the microscopic examination of blood samples for counting malaria parasites in the blood and then measured the levels of TNF-α by ELISA. This analytical study using 40 samples taken by simple random sampling. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the amount of TNF-α levels plasmodium with.  Conclusions: There were significant correlation between the levels of TNF-α with a density of plasmodium malaria in blood samples. Keywords: Malaria, TNF-α, ELISA, plasmodium    Abstrak: Malaria adalah penyakit infeksi parasit yang menyerang eritrosit. Penyakit ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia terutama di negara sedang berkembang pada kawasan tropik dan subtropik. Infeksi malaria memberikan gejala berupa demam, menggigil, anemia dan splenomegali. Infeksi malaria dapat berlangsung tanpa adanya komplikasi namun dapat juga menyebabkan komplikasi sistemik yang dikenal sebagai malaria berat. Penyebab infeksi malaria ialah plasmodium,Plasmodium ini pada manusia menginfeksi eritrosit (sel darah merah) dan mengalami pembiakan aseksual di jaringan hati dan eritrosit. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan mikroskopis pada sampel darah penderita malaria untuk menghitung parasit dalam darah dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran kadar TNF-α dengan metode ELISA. Penelitian analisis ini menggunakan 40 sampel yang diambil secara simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jumlah plasmodium dengan  kadar TNF- α. Kesimpulan : Didapatkan korelasi yang signifikan antara kadar TNF- α dengan densitas plasmodium pada sampel darah penderita malaria. Kata Kunci : Malaria, TNF- α, ELISA, plasmodium

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document