La perspectiva ética de los médicos residentes / The ethical perspective of resident physicians

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Grimaux ◽  
Agustín Silberberg

Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio es conocer las respuestas éticas de los médicos residentes en uno de los hospitales de alta complejidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Se investigaron los principales dilemas bioéticos de la práctica médica y se estudiaron las cuestiones bioéticas consideradas más relevantes por los médicos residentes. Método: Estudio de tipo descriptivo correlacional de diseño transversal. Se diseñó una encuesta para ser distribuida entre los residentes de un hospital de alta complejidad. La población es de 105 médicos residentes. La encuesta es anónima y estudia dos grandes campos de investigación bioética: inicio y final de la vida. Resultados: Participó el 100% de la población en estudio. En el campo de investigación sobre cuestiones de fin de vida, encontramos que el 61.9% de los residentes es contrario a la eutanasia, el 81.9% distingue entre limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico y eutanasia, y el 76.2% considera adecuada la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico ante un tratamiento fútil. En el campo de investigación sobre cuestiones de inicio de la vida, los datos de nuestro estudio evidencian que el 61.9% está en desacuerdo con el aborto ante feto discapacitado y el 31.5% en caso de violación de la madre. El 44.8% considera apropiado el aborto ante embarazo ectópico sin previsión de signos próximos de complicación en la madre. Más del 80% está de acuerdo con la ligadura de trompas y con los anticonceptivos. El 86.7% considera apropiada la fecundación in vitro en el caso de un matrimonio estéril. El 81.9% rechaza la investigación con células madre obtenidas de embriones vivos y el porcentaje disminuye a 49.5% cuando la investigación tiene como objetivo la curación de una enfermedad. Los tres temas de bioética considerados más relevantes son: 1) suspensión del tratamiento en fin de vida (60.9%), 2) aborto (58%) y 3) eutanasia (45.7%). Conclusión: El estudio evidencia una valoración desigual de la vida humana en el inicio de la vida entre los médicos residentes de la población encuestada, manifestando en algunos de ellos una deficiencia en la percepción de la dignidad ontológica del embrión. La cuestión bioética considerada más relevante por los residentes es la suspensión del tratamiento y la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en el final de la vida. El conocimiento de las opiniones de los residentes abre el camino a una estrategia de formación bioética más eficaz y profunda. ---------- Aim: Ethical conceptions among medical residents at a high complexity hospital in Buenos Aires were investigated. Method: descriptive-correlational study with a transversal design. An anonymous survey was designed to be distributed among residents of one hospital. It analyzed two bioethics research fields: beginning and end of life. Results: All medical residents participated. Regarding end of life issues, 61.9% were against euthanasia, 81.9% were able to distinguish between limiting a therapeutic effort and practicing euthanasia, and 76.2% considered adequate to limit a therapeutic effort in cases of futile treatment. Regarding beginning of life, 61.9% disagree with abortion of a disable fetus, 31.5% in cases of rape of mother. In addition, 44.8% considered adequate to practice abortion in ectopic pregnancy without considering any complication sign in mothers. More than 80% agreed with Fallopian tube ligation and anovulatory contraceptive methods. Regarding sterility in a marriage, 86.7% approved in vitro fertilization. While 81.9% disapproved research with stem cells obtained from living embryos, this score was reduced to 49.5% when the aim is to cure a disease. Bioethics subjects considered more relevant were: 1) suspension of treatment, 2) abortion and 3) euthanasia. Conclusions: there is an unequal consideration of human life value among medical residents, with some of them showing a deficiency in the ontological dignity of the embryo. The bioethics subject considered more relevant was suspension of treatment and limitation of therapeutic efforts. The knowledge of these opinions could help developing new strategies in order to give an efficient bioethical formation.

2021 ◽  
pp. 002436392110082
Author(s):  
Cynthia Jones-Nosacek

Conscientious objection (CO) in medicine grew out of the need to protect healthcare providers who objected to performing abortions after the Roe v. Wade decision in the 1970s which has since over time expanded to include sterilization, contraception, in vitro fertilization, stem cell research, and end-of-life issues. Since 2006, there has been a growing amount of published literature arguing for the denial of CO. Over the last three years, there has also been an increase in calling this conscientious refusal. This article will argue that the term conscientious objection is more accurate than conscientious refusal because those who object are not refusing to provide care. CO also emphasizes that there are reasoned arguments behind one’s decision not to perform certain actions because of one’s own principles and values. Summary How something is presented matters. Objection emphasizes the thought behind the action while refusal gives the impression that medical care is not given.


Author(s):  
William J. FitzPatrick

Ethical discourse about end-of-life issues tends to be framed in terms of both the value or “sanctity” of human life and the importance of human dignity. This chapter argues that the notion of human dignity is more fundamental than that of sanctity of life and defends a person-centered conception of both. Such an approach contrasts sharply with views focused primarily on respecting the sanctity of the life manifested in a person, or the value of her rational capacity, or the value of the continuation of the human organism associated with her against her wishes or even after she (as an embodied human subject) is gone. Such approaches all misidentify the locus and nature of the ethical value at issue.


2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Braga

L’articolo si propone un’analisi della retorica narrativa del film Lo scafandro e la farfalla (2007, diretto da Julian Schnabel, scritto da Ronald Harwood). Il contributo inizia sottolineando il rinnovato interesse per la retorica narrativa tanto negli studi sul cinema e la televisione, quanto nelle analisi che, in prospettiva bioetica, considerano la correttezza di come i problemi di inizio e fine vita sono raccontati nei film e nelle serie televisive. Il contributo procede illustrando il proprio approccio, quello della teoria della sceneggiatura. Lo schema classico di costruzione di una trama è messo a fuoco nella sua valenza argomentativa. Gli snodi che lo costituiscono, infatti, possono essere considerati come altrettanti passaggi di un confronto dialettico dove una tesi è approfondita nel confronto con una tesi opposta. Nel caso del film in questione, la tesi è: “la relazione con gli altri, la condivisione, rende la vita degna anche nella sofferenza”, la controtesi è: “una malattia paralizzante impedisce una vita degna”. L’articolo continua approfondendo la nozione di “retorica progressiva”, sottolineandone i tratti essenziali: impostazione costruttiva; riconsiderazione del concetto di limite; dovuto approfondimento della tesi contraria; tono non predicatorio; rispetto del dato. Nelle conclusioni, si argomenta come il film in esame inveri tutti questi aspetti. In particolare, si argomenta che anticipata alla prima parte del film la scelta bioetica dirimente, la storia può poi svilupparsi in una direzione costruttiva e creativa, non polemica.The article is aimed at analyzing the narrative rhetoric of the film The Diving Bell and the Butterfly (2007, directed by Julian Schnabel, written by Ronald Harwood). I begin by stressing the renewed interest for narrative rhetoric. This theoretical perspective has gained new strenght both in the field of film studies and in bioethics, where the representation of beginning and of end of life issues in films and television series is examined in order to evaluate its correctness. I continue by explaining the method of the analysis, which uses the tools of screenwriting theory. I highlight, thus, the argumentative nature of the classic narrative structure of a screenplay. The main passages in a plot, in fact, constitue the steps of a dialectal confrontation between a thematic thesis and a couterthematic antithesis. The theme of The Diving Bell and The Butterfly is expressed by the following statement: “The pain due to a total paralyses annihilates the dignity of human life”. The countertheme is expressed by an opposite statement: “The value of relationships makes life worthy even in the condition of an incurable illness”. The last part of the article is focused on the notion of “progressive rhetoric”. I identify the main traits of this category: the construcrive approach; the reframing of the idea of “limit”, which in this perspective is assumed as “opportunity” and not as “obstacle”; the respect for the opposite opinion; the ability of not being “preachy”; truthfulness. I conclude by arguing that the film in exam is a case of progressive rhetoric. In particular, I argue that, by anticipating the bioetically crucial decision of the character in the first part of the movie, the story can then unfold with a constructive and creative approach to the end of life issue.


2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Fried-Oken ◽  
Lisa Bardach

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (13) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. TAN

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