scholarly journals El diagnóstico prenatal genético no invasivo en el contexto de una mentalidad eugenésica

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermin J. González-Melado ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fetal Diagnosis ◽  
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Maternal Peripheral Blood ◽  
Routine Monitoring ◽  
Diagnosi Prenatale ◽  
Social Mind ◽  
The Relationship

L’uso di tecniche di analisi degli acidi nucleici fetali presenti nel sangue periferico materno nella diagnosi genetica è una realtà nella pratica clinica. Nei prossimi anni, diventerà parte del monitoraggio fetale. Questo studio analizza lo stato attuale delle conoscenze scientifiche in materia, nonché le principali questioni etiche derivanti dal rapporto tra la diagnosi prenatale non invasiva e l’aborto eugenetico, nel contesto di una mentalità sociale apertamente eugenetica. ---------- The use of techniques of fetal nucleic acids analysis present in maternal peripheral blood for noninvasive prenatal genetic diagnosis is a reality in the clinical practice of diagnosing certain diseases. In the coming years, it will become part of the routine monitoring for fetal diagnosis. This study analyzes the current status of these techniques as well as the major ethical issues arising from the relationship between noninvasive prenatal diagnosis and eugenic abortion in the context of a social mind openly eugenic.

scholarly journals Research Progress in Isolation and Enrichment of Fetal Cells from Maternal Blood

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ying Tang ◽  
Qiaojin Tang ◽  
Haiyan Luo ◽  
Xuehui Zhang ◽  
Qiuyu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fetal Cells ◽  
Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Maternal Peripheral Blood

Prenatal diagnosis is an important means of early diagnosis of genetic diseases, which can effectively reduce the risk of birth defects. Free fetal cells, as a carrier of intact fetal genetic material, provide hope for the development of high-sensitivity and high-accuracy prenatal diagnosis technology. However, the number of fetal cells is small and it is difficult to apply clinically. In recent years, noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) technology for fetal genetic material in maternal peripheral blood has developed rapidly, which makes it possible to diagnose genetic diseases by fetal cells in maternal peripheral blood. This article reviewed the current status of fetal cell separation and enrichment technology and its application in noninvasive prenatal diagnosis technology.

Contractarian Business Ethics: Current Status and Next Steps

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Dunfee ◽  
Thomas Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Stakeholder Management ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Social Contracts ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract:Social contract is rapidly becoming one of the significant alternatives for analyzing ethical issues in business. Contractarian approaches emphasizing consent as a means of justifying principles can provide needed context for rendering normative judgements concerning economic behaviors. Current research issues include developing tests of consent for both hypothetical and extant social contracts, and empirically testing the assumptions of the major contractarian approaches. Open questions include exploring the relationship between contractarian business ethics and other approaches, such as stakeholder management and virtue based ethics; and analysis of the intersection of contractarian approaches with the findings and assumptions of the field of moral psychology. Finally, the managerial utility of social contract based approaches needs to be explored with emphasis on identifying “translator” concepts.

Editor’s Pick: Regulatory and Ethical Issues in the New Era of Radiomics and Radiogenomics

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Pesapane
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
New Era ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Radiomics is a science that investigates a large number of features from medical images using data-characterisation algorithms, with the aim to analyse disease characteristics that are indistinguishable to the naked eye. Radiogenomics attempts to establish and examine the relationship between tumour genomic characteristics and their radiologic appearance. Although there is certainly a lot to learn from these relationships, one could ask the question: what is the practical significance of radiogenomic discoveries? This increasing interest in such applications inevitably raises numerous legal and ethical questions. In an environment such as the technology field, which changes quickly and unpredictably, regulations need to be timely in order to be relevant.  In this paper, issues that must be solved to make the future applications of this innovative technology safe and useful are analysed.

COVID-19 in children: Pathogenesis and current status

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Frenkel ◽  
Fernando Gomez ◽  
Joseph A Bellanti
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Since its initial description in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly progressed into a worldwide pandemic, which has affected millions of lives. Unlike the disease in adults, the vast majority of children with COVID-19 have mild symptoms and are largely spared from severe respiratory disease. However, thereare children who have significant respiratory disease, and some may develop a hyperinflammatory response similar to thatseen in adults with COVID-19 and in children with Kawasaki disease (KD), which has been termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).Objective: The purpose of this report was to examine the current evidence that supports the etiopathogenesis of COVID-19 in children and the relationship of COVID-19 with KD and MIS-C as a basis for a better understanding of the clinical course, diagnosis, and management of these clinically perplexing conditions.Results: The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is carried out in two distinct but overlapping phases of COVID-19: the first triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) itself and the second by the host immune response. Children with KD have fewer of the previously described COVID-19–associated KD features with less prominent acute respiratory distress syndrome and shock than children with MIS-C.Conclusion: COVID-19 in adults usually includes severe respiratory symptoms and pathology, with a high mortality. Ithas become apparent that children are infected as easily as adults but are more often asymptomatic and have milder diseasebecause of their immature immune systems. Although children are largely spared from severe respiratory disease, they canpresent with a SARS-CoV-2–associated MIS-C similar to KD.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Consent for the Reuse of Data in Health Data Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex McKeown ◽  
Miranda Mourby ◽  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Sophie Walker ◽  
Mark Sheehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractData platforms represent a new paradigm for carrying out health research. In the platform model, datasets are pooled for remote access and analysis, so novel insights for developing better stratified and/or personalised medicine approaches can be derived from their integration. If the integration of diverse datasets enables development of more accurate risk indicators, prognostic factors, or better treatments and interventions, this obviates the need for the sharing and reuse of data; and a platform-based approach is an appropriate model for facilitating this. Platform-based approaches thus require new thinking about consent. Here we defend an approach to meeting this challenge within the data platform model, grounded in: the notion of ‘reasonable expectations’ for the reuse of data; Waldron’s account of ‘integrity’ as a heuristic for managing disagreement about the ethical permissibility of the approach; and the element of the social contract that emphasises the importance of public engagement in embedding new norms of research consistent with changing technological realities. While a social contract approach may sound appealing, however, it is incoherent in the context at hand. We defend a way forward guided by that part of the social contract which requires public approval for the proposal and argue that we have moral reasons to endorse a wider presumption of data reuse. However, we show that the relationship in question is not recognisably contractual and that the social contract approach is therefore misleading in this context. We conclude stating four requirements on which the legitimacy of our proposal rests.

scholarly journals Ethical issues in genomics research on neurodevelopmental disorders: a critical interpretive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mezinska ◽  
L. Gallagher ◽  
M. Verbrugge ◽  
E.M. Bunnik
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Genomic Research

Abstract Background Genomic research on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), particularly involving minors, combines and amplifies existing research ethics issues for biomedical research. We performed a review of the literature on the ethical issues associated with genomic research involving children affected by NDDs as an aid to researchers to better anticipate and address ethical concerns. Results Qualitative thematic analysis of the included articles revealed themes in three main areas: research design and ethics review, inclusion of research participants, and communication of research results. Ethical issues known to be associated with genomic research in general, such as privacy risks and informed consent/assent, seem especially pressing for NDD participants because of their potentially decreased cognitive abilities, increased vulnerability, and stigma associated with mental health problems. Additionally, there are informational risks: learning genetic information about NDD may have psychological and social impact, not only for the research participant but also for family members. However, there are potential benefits associated with research participation, too: by enrolling in research, the participants may access genetic testing and thus increase their chances of receiving a (genetic) diagnosis for their neurodevelopmental symptoms, prognostic or predictive information about disease progression or the risk of concurrent future disorders. Based on the results of our review, we developed an ethics checklist for genomic research involving children affected by NDDs. Conclusions In setting up and designing genomic research efforts in NDD, researchers should partner with communities of persons with NDDs. Particular attention should be paid to preventing disproportional burdens of research participation of children with NDDs and their siblings, parents and other family members. Researchers should carefully tailor the information and informed consent procedures to avoid therapeutic and diagnostic misconception in NDD research. To better anticipate and address ethical issues in specific NDD studies, we suggest researchers to use the ethics checklist for genomic research involving children affected by NDDs presented in this paper.

The ethical issues of biotechnology: Religious culture and the value of life

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimazono Susumu
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Early Embryonic Stage ◽  
Religious Cultures

Advances in biotechnology and medical science, especially breakthroughs in cloning and stem cell research, have raised great expectations for curing diseases, repairing damaged body tissue and organs, enabling conception at advanced age and selecting embryos based on genetic diagnosis. However, the question arises whether these advances will improve the happiness of humankind or whether human bodies are being assaulted as development resources in order to procure greater profits. This article investigates how the value of life is conceptualized by religious cultures vis-a-vis the emerging threats. With regard to the early embryonic stage of human life, the Catholic Church, for example, has raised a loud voice against the artificial termination of pregnancy. As a matter of fact, various religious cultures have showed and underpinned to a considerable extent the value of life and the direction that science and technology should take in this respect. It is argued that the globalized competition in science and technology makes it necessary to transcend the views concerning the value of life propagated by particular religious cultures.

scholarly journals Connectivism in the Network Society. The Coming of Social Capital Knowledge

2018 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Díaz Martínez ◽  
Teodoro Hernández de Frutos
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Cognitive Capacity ◽  
Collaborative Group ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Network Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

Connectivism is a hypothesis of learning which emphasizes the role of the social and cultural context. The relationship among work experience, learning and knowledge, as expressed in the concept of connectivity, is central to connectivism, motivating the name of the theory. According to the current status of online social network approaches, the interconnected computers increase the human intellect, because the network increases the cognitive capacity of individuals. The change in the role of knowledge that is taking place in society has to do with the relationship between technology and society. A collaborative group of knowledge building in the network is emerging as a result of the technological trends and culture. This article discusses the arrival of Virtual Communities of Building Knowledge (VCBK) as a phenomenon that appears spontaneously online. Traditional theories of learning and construction of knowledge have not taken into account the revolution that has occurred in recent decades due to the emergence of ICT. The connectivism refers to the knowledge in the network that arises from the interaction within a group of knowledge construction. In this paper, we consider some cases of VCBK: GNU/Linux, Wikipedia and MOOC. In VCBK, knowledge is created by the group. The sense or meaning created is the result of the group’s dialogue.

scholarly journals Ethical dimension of circle Integrative Community Therapy on qualitative research

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Paula Renata Miranda dos Santos ◽  
Elisangela Cerencovich ◽  
Laura Filomena Santos de Araújo ◽  
Roseney Bellato ◽  
Sonia Ayako Tao Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Health Council ◽  
Care Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship

This study discusses ethical issues in research involving human beings and seeks to understand the relationship between qualitative research and the ethical care guidelines for Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) circles based on Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. This is documentary research, which analyzed Resolution 466/12 and ICT circles seeking to make a connection between the ethical guidelines contained in both. The analysis of the corpus was directed toward the construction of the following results: the person's perception, cultural diversity and community. It also brings in consideration of the influence of the ethical dimension of the ICT circles on qualitative research. We conclude that ICT circles are innovative in the sense of the diversity of participants and respect for cultural and social differences. Thus, ICT circles promote acquisition of quality information for social research as well as compliance with the ethical guidelines outlined in Resolution No. 466/12.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document