scholarly journals FOOD, CULTURE, GLOBALIZATION: INFLUENCE ON HEALTH

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Vincenzi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Good News ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Poor People ◽  
World Population ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
The World

Globalization has negative effects on the health of the individuals and the populations through mechanisms that lead to increased inequalities between and within countries, economic instability and lack of improvements in supply of sanitary services that reflects on the variations of life expectancy at birth. The problem is the globalization doesn’t act evenly, it supports those countries and groups of population that already have plenty of resources, and it strucks poorer countries. Globalization favors the rich (people and countries) also thanks to the power they have in establishing rules and in particular business and market rules. Among the fundamental right of people adequate nutrition is a prerequisite to carry out a satisfactory work, social life, reproductive and development factor. An “effective access to a power supply in quantity and quality sufficient for a productive life and health for all individuals” be defined in accordance with the United Nations Food Security is not a right evenly spread throughout the world; in fact, 80% of the world population does not have the possibility to eat in adequate quantity and have access to safe water sources. In economically disadvantaged countries, population growth, urbanization and internal growth massively increase the demand for food of animal origin. This change in the supply of billions of people has the potential to produce a substantial change in the lives of many poor people living in rural areas. The diet of the whole world is moving towards homogeneity, the diet of Africa and parts of Asia has expanded its menu, adding the globalized foods to the traditional ones. But this is not a good news, because today millions of people more than in the past, try calorie-rich foods, animal protein, sugar, fat. This leads to disastrous consequences, from the point of view of health, as evidenced by the increasing of the so-called welfare diseases linked to excess in highly processed foods and the food and fast food multinationals facilitate and enhance this trend.

scholarly journals Iodization of table salt and attitudes and habits in relation to the use of salt in general population

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Gorica Sbutega-Milosevic ◽  
Zorica Djordjevic ◽  
Zoran Marmut ◽  
Boban Mugosa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
World Population ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction. Combating nutritional deficiencies of micronutrients, such as iodine, represents a priority task of health care organizations. In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the publication: Global Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), according to which some 2,2 billion people live in areas poor in naturally occurring iodine. Approximately 13% of the world population suffer from goitre - one of the IDD. The recommended iodine content in table salt is 20-40 mg/kg, which should satisfy the daily iodine requirements of an adult. Objective. The authors sought to ascertain whether iodization of table salt in Montenegro was carried out in accordance with the existing legislature. An assessment was also carried out of the attitudes and habits of the population regarding the use of salt in nutrition and the level of awareness in relation to the relevance of table salt iodization. Methods. The research was carried out in 2004 and was sponsored by UNICEF. A sample of 594 homes from the municipalities of Bar and Podgorica was chosen: 354 homes from urban and 240 from rural areas. The participants completed a questionnaire related to the daily use and intake of salt, as well as their understanding of the relevance of table salt iodization. Iodine content was tested in 15 samples of table salt at production level, 170 samples at retail level and 126 samples taken from domestic use. Results. The analysis of table salt samples showed an optimal iodine level in 73.3% of samples from production, in 81.2% from retail, and in 73.0% from domestic use. A lower level of iodine was found in 8.8% retail samples and 15.1% samples from home use. A greater concentration of iodine was found in 26.7% production, 10.0% retail and 11.9% samples from domestic use. Conclusion. Although the application of the WHO programme has led to an improvement in iodization of table salt in Montenegro, both at production and retail levels, this still falls short of the standards recommended by WHO to combat IDD. The levels of iodine in table salt in domestic use also fail to comply with the WHO criteria for elimination of IDD.

Low-Cholesterol Egg and Dairy Products

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Oakenfull ◽  
Gurcharn S. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Cholesterol

Today's health conscious consumer is avoiding egg and dairy products. Traditionally, though, these foods were believed to be particularly wholesome and nutritious. Fifty years ago, Britain actively encouraged milk consumption, particularly by school children, with a National Milk Scheme (1940). At much the same time (1949), Romanoff and Romanoff's classic, ‘The Avian Egg’, enthusiastically supported eggs: ‘Compared with hens’ egg, no other single food of animal origin is eaten and relished by so many people the world over; none is served in such a variety of ways. Its popularity is justified not only because it is so easily procured and has so many uses in cookery, but also because it is almost unsurpassed in nutritive excellence’. But recently, cholesterol has emerged as a topic of polite conversation at dinner parties and most of us are aware, even if only vaguely and often inaccurately, of the connections between cholesterol and heart disease and eggs and dairy products. Fifty years ago the average Australian consumed 250 eggs per annum; today this consumption has declined to less than 135 eggs per annum (Castle, 1989). Similar declines in egg consumption have occurred in other developed countries over the same period of time. Hence there is interest worldwide in developing technologies to extract the cholesterol from foods, particularly eggs and dairy products, and a flurry of research activity has resulted.

scholarly journals Emerging Demographic Transition in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
S. Sunitha
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
World Population ◽  
Population Changes ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The World ◽  
And Migration

Demographics of India is remarkably diverse. India is the second most populous country in the world with more than one sixth of the world population. The stock of any population changes with time. There are three components of population changes which are fertility, mortality and migration. Socio economic phenomena of population development and their impact and differentials like urbanization, infant mortality rate, migration and causes of death are important to understand the population characteristics. It is observed that the growth of population depends on birth rate and death rates in India. During first phase birth rate as well as death rate was high. In the fourth phase birth rate and death rates are decline. It was also found that life expectancy at birth had been gradually increased in India. There is a need to coordinate the population policy with education policy. Employment generation programmes has been launched in the country to solve unemployment problem and mitigate rural unemployment.

scholarly journals Análise do consumo de carne suína no município de Dom Pedrito

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Leonardo Paz Deble ◽  
Thiago Antônio Beuron ◽  
Bárbara Pinheiro Moreira ◽  
Lilian Ribeiro Kratz ◽  
Mariana Rockenbach de Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Origin ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Consumer Group ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Site Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Survey Monkey ◽  
Adaptive Nature ◽  
The City ◽  
Pork Consumption

A carne suína é uma das mais antigas formas de alimentação humana, tendo em vista que a espécie foi domesticada há 5000 a.c., na China e em outras regiões da Ásia. A sua natureza de caráter adaptável, porte e rusticidade permitiram a fácil domesticação, que foi anterior a de outros animais, como por exemplo, os bovinos. O atual estudo tem como base a análise do consumo de carne suína no Brasil, que está abaixo da média mundial e de outros países no ranking de grandes produtores desse alimento. Tendo isso em vista, é possível que haja restrições por parte dos consumidores relacionadas a esse tipo de carne, alguns fatores serão avaliados nesse trabalho, abordando essa problemática. O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal analisar o comportamento dos consumidores e os possíveis fatores que restringem o consumo de carne suína no município de Dom Pedrito, RS. Para o levantamento dos dados, foi utilizado um questionário elaborado no site Survey Monkey, software desenvolvido para coleta de dados em pesquisas. Após aplicação dos questionários, foi possível, através dos dados, elucidar algumas questões sobre o consumo de carne suína em Dom Pedrito, RS, sendo que foi respondido um total de 101 questionários. Após análise e discussão dos dados obtidos, foi possível avaliar que o consumo de carne suína em Dom Pedrito, RS, no grupo de consumidores não é influenciado por possíveis restrições de consumo, tais como, ser um alimento com alto teor de gordura, de difícil digestão entre outros. Mas sim, é consequência do hábito de consumo e forte influência da cultura local, onde a preferência é dada a outras proteínas, como carne bovina e ovina.Palavras-Chave: Alimento de origem animal, fonte de proteína, suínos.Analysis of pork consumption in the city of Dom Pedrito, BrazilABSTRACTPork is one of the oldest forms of human food, since the species was domesticated 5000 BC in China and other parts of Asia. Its adaptive nature, size and rusticity allowed for easy domestication, which was earlier than other animals, such as cattle. The current study is based on the analysis of pork consumption in Brazil, which is below the world average and other countries in the ranking of large producers of this food. Considering this, it is possible that there are restrictions on the part of the consumers related to this type of meat, some factors will be evaluated in this work, addressing this problem. The main objective of this article is to analyze the behavior of consumers and the possible factors that restrict pork consumption in the municipality of Dom Pedrito, RS. In order to collect the data, a questionnaire was used in the Survey Monkey site, software developed for data collection in surveys. After applying the questionnaires, it was possible, through the data, to elucidate some questions about pork consumption in Dom Pedrito, RS, and a total of 101 questionnaires were answered. After analyzing and discussing the data obtained, it was possible to evaluate that the pork consumption in Dom Pedrito, RS, in the consumer group is not influenced by possible consumption restrictions, such as being a high fat food, difficult digestion among others. But it is a consequence of the habit of consumption and strong influence of the local culture, where preference is given to other proteins such as beef and sheep.Keywords: Food of animal origin, protein source, pigs.

scholarly journals A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Yaacoub ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
World Population ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Tremendous Challenge ◽  
Country Specific

Providing connectivity to around half of the World population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed. In addition, energy and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. Typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. Directions for future evolution of rural connectivity are outlined.

scholarly journals EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE – VALORISATION AND UNDERESTIMATION

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 1073-1080
Author(s):  
N. Barbacci
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
World Population ◽  
Earth Construction ◽  
The World ◽  
Earthen Architecture

Abstract. Earthen architecture has been used as a construction material in most of the world for millennia. According to the United Nations, approximately one third of the world population and half of the population of developing countries live in buildings constructed of earth. This presentation makes a basic SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis of earthen architecture in an attempt to explain why this material, possessing many positive qualities, is often maligned or underestimated and dismissed as a construction material associated with poverty, especially in the rural areas of Latin America. This paper emphasizes the importance of maintenance and the preservation of the local socio-cultural knowledge system associated with earth construction.

scholarly journals Sustainable development, planning and poverty alleviation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude Bolay ◽  
◽  
Eléonore Labattut ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
World Population ◽  
The South ◽  
The World

In 2018, the world population is around 7.6 billion, 4.2 billion in urban settlements and 3.4 billion in rural areas. Of this total, according to UN-Habitat, 3.2 billion of urban inhabitants live in southern countries. Of them, one billion, or nearly a third, live in slums. Urban poverty is therefore an endemic problem that has not been solved despite all initiatives taken to date by public and private sectors. This global transformation of our contemporary societies is particularly challenging in Asia and Africa, knowing that on these two continents, less than half of the population currently lives in urban areas. In addition, over the next decades, 90% of the urbanization process will take place in these major regions of the world. Urban planning is not an end in itself. It is a way, human and technological, to foresee the future and to act in a consistent and responsible way in order to guarantee the wellbeing of the populations residing in cities or in their peripheries. Many writers and urban actors in the South have criticized the inadequacy of urban planning to the problems faced by the cities confronting spatial and demographic growth. For many of them the reproduction of Western models of planning is ineffective when the urban context responds to very different logics. It is therefore a question of reinventing urban planning on different bases. And in order to address the real problems that urban inhabitants and authorities are facing, and offering infrastructures and access to services for all, this with the prospect of reducing poverty, to develop a more inclusive city, with a more efficient organization, in order to make it sustainable, both environmental than social and economic. The field work carried out during recent years in small and medium-sized cities in Burkina Faso, Brazil, Argentina and Vietnam allows us to focus the attention of specialists and decision makers on intermediate cities that have been little studied but which are home to half of the world's urban population. From local diagnoses, we come to a first conclusion. Many small and medium-sized cities in the South can be considered as poor cities, from four criteria. They have a relatively large percentage of the population is considered to be poor; the local government and its administration do not have enough money to invest in solving the problems they face; these same authorities lack the human resources to initiate and manage an efficient planning process; urban governance remains little open to democratic participation and poorly integrates social demand into its development plans. Based on this analysis, we consider it is imperative to renovate urban planning as part of a more participatory process that meets the expectations of citizens with more realistic criteria. This process incorporates different stages: an analysis grounded on the identification of urban investment needed to improve the city; the consideration of the social demands; a realistic assessment of the financial resources to be mobilized (municipal budget, taxes, public and international external grants, public private partnership); a continuous dialogue between urban actors to determine the urban priorities to be addressed in the coming years. This protocol serves as a basis for comparative studies between cities in the South and a training program initiated in Argentina for urban actors in small and medium sized cities, which we wish to extend later to other countries of the South

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Extreme Poverty in Developing Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Mahembe ◽  
Nicholas M. Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Poor People ◽  
World Population ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract This paper aims to analyses the trends and dynamics of extreme poverty in developing countries. The study attempts to answer one critical question: has the world achieved its number one Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target of reducing extreme poverty by half by 2015? The methodology used in this study mainly involves a descriptive data analysis during the period 1981-2015. The study used the World Bank’s US$1.90 a day line (popularly known as $1 a day line) in 2011 prices to measure the level of absolute poverty. In order to analyze the dynamics of poverty across different regions, the study grouped countries into five regions: i) sub-Saharan Africa; ii) East Asia and the Pacific; iii) South Asia; iv) Europe and Central Asia; and v) Latin America and the Caribbean. The study found that in 1990, there were around 1.9 billion people living below US$1.90 a day (constituting 36.9 percent of the world population) and this number is estimated to have reduced to around 700 million people in 2015, with an estimated global poverty rate of 9.6 percent. The world met the MDG target in 2010, which is five years ahead of schedule. However, extreme poverty is becoming increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA), where its depth and breadth remain a challenge. SSA remains the poorest region, with more than 35 percent of its citizens living on less than US$1.90 a day. Half of the world’s extremely poor people now live in SSA, and it is the only region which has not met its MDG target.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Helminthiasis and Worm Load among Pre-school Children in Rural Areas of Enugu State

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Nwachukwu Chinedu Ugwunna ◽  
Nnamdi Nnanna Ude ◽  
Ogochukwu Chinwe Ugwunna ◽  
Chika Nwanma Onwasigwe ◽  
Emmanuel Nwabueze Aguwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Enugu State

Background: Globally, many people suffer from parasitic infections of the intestines with up to 24% of the world population are affected. These infections are particularly prevalent in low-and middle-income countries and exist mainly among economically and socially disadvantaged populations. This study sought to establish the current prevalence of STHs among preschool children in rural areas of Enugu State. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out at Obinofia Ndi-Uno and Obe, rural communities of Enugu State, Nigeria. A pre-tested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and Laboratory kits for stool analysis were used. Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics version 22. Results: A total of 589 preschool children (294 from Obinofia Ndi-Uno and 295 from Obe) were studied. Ova of helminths were seen in the stool of 47 preschool children giving a prevalence of 8% with ascariasis being the predominant infection. Discussion: The prevalence of worm infection in this study was low compared to some studies in Nigeria, Africa, and other parts of the world.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Poverty Reduction in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mhlanga
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Poor People ◽  
World Population ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
Extreme Poverty ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Institutions

Though the share of the world population living in extreme poverty declined to 10 percent in 2015, from 16 percent in 2010 and 36 percent in 1990, data shows that the world is not on track in achieving the target of less than 3 percent of people living in extreme poverty by 2030. Hence the study sought to investigate the influence of AI on poverty reduction. Using content analysis one of the unobtrusive research techniques, the study found out that, the availability of relevant data is making AI be able to deliver value to humanity and AI has a strong influence on poverty in areas of relevant data collection through poverty maps, its ability to revolutionize agriculture, education, and the financial sector through digital financial inclusion. The study also discovered that many countries especially developing nations are not collecting as much data to identify the number of poor people and the regions where these people are located. However, the existence of AI is assisting to change this, or instance the study discovered that the research team at Stanford University is using satellite images to provide an alternative to map poverty, to identify the regions where poverty is more concentrated. Also, various robotics and AI programs such as Google and Stanford University’s Sustainability and Artificial Intelligence Lab, are coming forth with AI programs in agriculture which are doing a lot to improve farming, through the identification of diseases, prediction of crop yields, and location of areas prone to a scarcity among several other notable signs of progress in education. Therefore, the study recommends that governments, development institutions and other organizations that are striving to fight poverty to invest more in AI as well as adopting and scaling up its use as it presents benefits in the quest to ensure that poverty is reduced.

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