scholarly journals Global burden of diseases attributable to air pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Soledayo Babatola
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

Air pollution has remained a major issue of concern over the years with serious toxicological effects on human health. This paper evaluates the comparison of estimates and describes the global burden of diseases related to air pollution in the regions of WHO from 1990 to 2015. The study uses existing data from IHME on global burden of diseases (Mortality and Disability Adjusted Life Years) related to air pollution such as Trachea, Bronchus and Lung cancer, COPD, Ischemic heart disease and Stroke. This study shows that air pollution is one of the major environmental risk factors for the global burden of disease in 1990-2015 and has remained relatively stable for the past 25 years. By region, the largest burden of disease related to air pollution is found in Western Pacific and South-East Asia, reflecting the heavy industry and air pollution hotspots within the developing nations of these regions. Moreover, the rates of Disability Adjusted Life Years increased because of increase in pollution, especially in South-East Asia region, African region, and Eastern Mediterranean region where populations are both growing and ageing.

scholarly journals Doença cerebrovascular no Brasil de 1990 a 2015: Global Burden of Disease 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Andrade Lotufo ◽  
Alessandra Carvalho Goulart ◽  
Valéria Maria de Azeredo Passos ◽  
Fabio Mitsuhiro Satake ◽  
Maria de Fátima Marinho de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

RESUMO: Objetivo: Verificar as tendências temporais das taxas de mortalidade, dos anos de vida perdidos (years of life lost - YLL) e dos anos de vida perdidos devido à incapacidade (years lost due to disability - YLD) motivadas pela doença cerebrovascular no Brasil entre 1990 e 2015. Métodos: Utilizou-se as informações do Global Burden of Diseases 2015 (GBD 2015) para analisar a magnitude e as tendências das taxas de mortalidade e dos anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALY - disability-adjusted life years) nas 27 unidades da Federação, entre 1990 e 2015, pela doença cerebrovascular (CID-10: I-60-69). Os estados brasileiros foram analisados pelo índice de desenvolvimento social (IDS), composto por renda per capita, proporção de escolaridade formal aos 15 anos e taxa de fecundidade. Resultados: Apesar do aumento do número absoluto de mortes pela doença cerebrovascular, a proporção de mortes abaixo dos 70 anos de idade reduziu pela metade entre 1990 e 2015. A aceleração da queda foi maior entre as mulheres, e mais acentuada no período de 1990 e 2005 do que de 2005 a 2015. O risco de morte reduziu-se à metade em todo o país; porém, os estados no tercil inferior tiveram reduções menos expressivas para homens e mulheres (respectivamente, -1,23 e -1,84% ao ano), comparados aos no tercil médio (-1,94 e -2,22%) e no tercil superior (-2,85 e -2,82%). Os anos perdidos por incapacidade também apresentam redução entre os estados, mas de forma menos expressiva. Conclusão: Apesar da redução das taxas ajustadas por idade em todo o país, a doença cerebrovascular ainda apresenta alta carga de doença, principalmente nos estados com menor desenvolvimento socioeconômico.

Examination of incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years and risk factors of breast cancer in 49 Asian countries, 1990–2019: estimates from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate

Abstract Background This study presents an up-to-date, comprehensive and comparative examination of breast cancer’s temporal patterns in females in Asia in last three decades. Methods The estimates of incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted-life-years and risk factors of breast cancer in females in 49 Asian countries were retrieved from Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. Results In Asia, female breast cancer incidence grew from 245 045[226 259–265 260] in 1990 to 914 878[815 789–1025 502] in 2019 with age-standardized incidence rate rising from 21.2/100 000[19.6–22.9] to 35.9/100 000[32.0–40.2] between 1990 and 2019. The death counts more than doubled from 136 665[126 094–148 380] to 337 822[301 454–375 251]. The age-standardized mortality rate rose marginally between 1990 and 2019 (1990: 12.1[11.0–13.1]; 2019: 13.4[12.0–14.9]). In 2019, age-standardized incidence rate varied from 17.2/100 000[13.95–21.4] in Mongolia to 122.5[92.1–160.7] in Lebanon and the age-standardized mortality rate varied 4-fold from 8.0/100 000 [7.2–8.8] in South Korea to 51.9[39.0–69.8] in Pakistan. High body mass index (5.6%), high fasting plasma glucose (5.6%) and secondhand smoke (3.5%) were the main contributory risk factors to all-age disability-adjusted-life-years due to breast cancer in Asia. Conclusion With growing incidence, escalating dietary and behavioural risk factors and lower survival rates due to late-disease presentation in low- and medium-income countries of Asia, breast cancer has become a significant public health threat. Its rising burden calls for increasing breast cancer awareness, preventive measures, early-stage detection and cost-effective therapeutics in Asia.

Life Years at Stake

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Andreas Mogensen
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Ethical Basis

In quantifying the global burden of disease in terms of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), we must determine both Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lost to Disability (YLDs). In setting priorities for global health, many have felt that YLLs should not always simply equal life expectancy at death. To this end, Dean Jamison and colleagues recommend the use of a DALY metric that incorporates Acquisition of Life Potential (ALP). When an individual dies, the YLLs that we would otherwise count are multiplied by the value of the ALP function, which rises gradually from 0 to 1 during the first stages of an individual’s life. Jamison et al. do not provide a detailed philosophical justification for the use of gradual ALP. In this chapter I explain why I believe the Time-Relative Interest Account represents the most plausible ethical basis for the ALP approach and describe how we might model ALP in light of this account.

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