scholarly journals Genetic diversity of rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis Walker) from Northern Iran and comparison with other countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shayanmehr ◽  
E. Yoosefi-Lafooraki
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
High Gene ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Low Levels

Rice striped stem borer, <em>Chilo suppressalis</em> Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered the major pest of rice in Iran. Because of the serious damage on rice in Northern Iran, the present study was conducted to investigate genetic diversity within populations of <em>C. suppressalis</em>, from Mazandaran using a template of cytochrome oxidase I gene, 750 bps, (<em>COI</em>). Later the haplotypes from Iran were compared with those found in other countries. According to the results of this study, there is very low genetic diversity (two haplotypes) among different populations of this pest in populations of Northern Iran. The genetic similarity and low levels of genetic diversity of these populations suggest that the pest colonization occurred relatively recently and there is high gene flow between these populations of the province. In addition, haplotypes of Mazandaran province are different with those found in other countries. The similarity of Iranian population (Simorgh) with one population from China indicated that China might be the origin of <em>C. suppresalis</em>.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) in Iran: genetic diversity and comparison with other countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rajabiyan ◽  
M. Shayanmehr ◽  
M. Mohammadi Sharif
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mediterranean Fruit Fly ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Iranian Populations

The Mediterranean fruit fly, <em>Ceratitis</em> <em>capitata</em> (Wiedemann) is an economically important pest on fruits all over the world. The origin of this fly is thought to be from Africa, but it has recently expanded its distribution in many geographic regions including Iran. Due to the wide spread of this pest in Iran and its serious damage to fruit on trees, including citrus orchards of northern Iran, the present study was conducted firstly to investigate genetic diversity within populations of <em>C. capitata</em> based on the sequences of three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes including cytochrome C oxidase I (<em>COI</em>), NAHD dehydrogenase subunits 4 and 5 (<em>ND4</em> and <em>ND5</em>) and secondly to compare the Iranian haplotypes with those found in other countries. Results of this study indicated low levels of genetic diversity (four, four and three haplotypes among different populations of this pest, respectively for the <em>COI</em>, <em>ND4</em> and <em>ND5</em> genes) in northern Iranian populations. The genetic similarity and very low levels of genetic diversity of northern Iranian populations suggest that the pest colonisation occurred relatively recently. In addition, haplotypes of Mazandaran province are similar to haplotypes of those countries that have recently been infected by this pest.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in different populations of sloths assessed by DNA fingerprinting

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. MORAES ◽  
J. S. MORGANTE ◽  
C. Y. MIYAKI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Related Individuals ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Dna Profiles ◽  
Two Populations

In this study we analyzed a population of Bradypus torquatus with individuals originally distributed in different localities of Bahia, and two populations of B. variegatus with individuals from Bahia and São Paulo States. Using the DNA fingerprinting method, we assessed the genetic variability within and between populations. Analysis of the DNA profiles revealed genetic similarity indices ranging from 0.34 ± 0.07 to 0.87 ± 0.04. Similar low levels of genetic variability were found only in isolated mammalian populations or among related individuals. This study presents the first analyses of genetic diversity in sloth populations.

scholarly journals Unusually Low Levels of Genetic Variation among Giardia lamblia Isolates

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smilja Teodorovic ◽  
John M. Braverman ◽  
Heidi G. Elmendorf
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Noncoding Regions ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Low Levels

ABSTRACT Giardia lamblia, an intestinal pathogen of mammals, including humans, is a significant cause of diarrheal disease around the world. Additionally, the parasite is found on a lineage which separated early from the main branch in eukaryotic evolution. The extent of genetic diversity among G. lamblia isolates is insufficiently understood, but this knowledge is a prerequisite to better understand the role of parasite variation in disease etiology and to examine the evolution of mechanisms of genetic exchange among eukaryotes. Intraisolate genetic variation in G. lamblia has never been estimated, and previous studies on interisolate genetic variation have included a limited sample of loci. Here we report a population genetics study of intra- and interisolate genetic diversity based on six coding and four noncoding regions from nine G. lamblia isolates. Our results indicate exceedingly low levels of genetic variation in two out of three G. lamblia groups that infect humans; this variation is sufficient to allow identification of isolate-specific markers. Low genetic diversity at both coding and noncoding regions, with an overall bias towards synonymous substitutions, was discovered. Surprisingly, we found a dichotomous haplotype structure in the third, more variable G. lamblia group, represented by a haplotype shared with one of the homogenous groups and an additional group-specific haplotype. We propose that the distinct patterns of genetic-variation distribution among lineages are a consequence of the presence of genetic exchange. More broadly, our findings have implications for the regulation of gene expression, as well as the mode of reproduction in the parasite.

scholarly journals Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity and structure of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Kandelia obovate

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 00027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Basyuni ◽  
Shigeyuki Baba ◽  
Hirosuke Oku
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
F Statistics

Microsatellite loci were used for estimating genetic diversity and structure for three populations of B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata (Rhizophoracea) in Okinawa, Japan. Thirty propagules of individual samples representing the population of both species were genotyped at five microsatellites. The level of observed heterozygosity (HO) was observed for several population, overall loci, ranged 0.422-0.800 with an average 0.627 for B. gymnorrhiza and 0.477-0.822 with an average 0.665 for K. obovata, indicating both species had relatively low genetic diversity. Both species showed low levels of allelic diversity, 3-5 and 3-5 alleles per locus, respectively. Gene diversitywas also maintained within populations (HS: 0.741 and 0.954). Additionally, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on the immeasurable alleles model (F-statistics), for B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata found that most of the variation resided within individuals in the total populations, i.e. 79.78 % and 69.90 % respectively, and among individuals within populations, i.e.14.30 % and 27.95 % respectively. There was little variation between populations, i.e. 5.92 % and 2.15 % for B. gymnorrhiza and K. obovata, respectively. The high-level genetic differentiation within individuals and populations both species may be due to the geographic range of the species, mating system, and environmental factors.

scholarly journals Genetic variation of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) populations in Guilan and west of Mazandaran provinces analysed with RAPD markers 

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Farahpour Haghani ◽  
R. Hosseini ◽  
A.A. Ebadi ◽  
A. Aalami
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis ◽  
Mazandaran Province ◽  
The West ◽  
Population Genetic Variation ◽  
High Level

Genetic variation of striped stem borer&nbsp;Chilo suppressalis&nbsp;populations in Guilan and Mazandaran provinces in Iran was studied in 2010 by means of RAPD markers. Collected 45 samples from 19 locations (representing 17 counties in Guilan province and 2 counties in Mazandaran province) were classified into four groups of populations: three population groups corresponding to the west, centre, and east of Guilan and one population group from the west of Mazandaran. RAPD PCR analysis showed that&nbsp;Chilo suppressalis&nbsp;populations in Mazandaran are genetically different from the Guilan populations while the western populations of Guilan are genetically separated from the two other populations. The central and the eastern populations of Guilan exhibit some similarities with those of Mazandaran and the similarities are more obvious between the eastern populations of Guilan and the western population of Mazandaran. The population from the centre of Guilan showed the highest level of intra-population genetic variation possibly due to wider rice cultivated area and/or due to higher sample size. The results showed a high level of genetic variation in&nbsp;Chilo suppressalis&nbsp;populations in the two provinces in Iran. In spite of the model species is a widely distributed pest, the study indicated that the samples originated in populations with a different genetic make-up.

scholarly journals Distribution, Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Aegilops tauschii Coss. in Major Wheat-Growing Regions in China

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Haiyan Yu ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Hailan Cui ◽  
Adeel Abbas ◽  
Shouhui Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
High Level ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Simple Sequence

Aegilops tauschii Coss. is known as a noxious grass weed seriously affecting wheat quality and yield. To investigate its present occurrence in wheat fields and the potential genetic diversity of the grass weed in China, a filed survey covering major wheat production regions was conducted during 2017–2019. Seeds of different Ae. tauschii populations collected from the survey were analyzed with Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) technique. Results showed that Ae. tauschii was occurring in each of the provinces surveyed with varied occurrence frequency ranging from 0.91% in Sichuan Province to 92.85% in Henan Provinces. Eighty alleles with size ranging from 98 bp to 277 bp were detected from the 192 collected Ae. tauschii populations with 17 SSR markers. Ae. tauschii, in this study, exhibited a moderately high level of genetic diversity, high differentiation, deficient heterozygosity and limited gene flow. Compared with other provinces, Hubei populations possessed relatively low genetic diversity. Dendrogram analysis showed that genetic distance did not seem to be related to geographic distribution. Additionally, STRUCTURE analysis suggested that Ae. tauschii populations in wheat fields of China can be divided into three groups, which was further supported by cluster analysis. Among the three groups, solely 7% of the total variation was detected, whereas the majority variation (67%) occurred among different populations within same group. Undoubtedly, such information will help us to better understand population relationships and spread of Ae. tauschii in China and will provide a new perspective for its integrated management.

scholarly journals Selection of progenitors for increase in oil content in soybean

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josiane Isabela da Silva Rodrigues ◽  
Klever Márcio Antunes Arruda ◽  
Newton Deniz Piovesan ◽  
Everaldo Gonçalves de Barros ◽  
Maurilio Alves Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The low genetic diversity brings limitation to breeding, because genetically similar genotypes share alleles in common, causing little complementarity and low vigor due to the low levels of heterozygosity in crosses. The objective of this work was to analyze the oil content and genetic diversity of soybean genotypes (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) based on QTL regions of this trait for choice of progenitors for increase in oil content. Twenty-two genotypes with wide variation in oil content, including cultivars with high oil contents, were cultivated in different Brazilian conditions and the oil content of the grains was quantified by infrared spectrometry. Microsatellite markers selected based on QTL regions for oil content in soybean were analyzed to estimate the genetic diversity. In these studies, a wide variation in oil content (17.28-23.01%) and a reasonable diversity among the genotypes were observed, being PI181544 the most divergent genotype, followed by Suprema. The genotypes PI371610/Suprema and Suprema/CD01RR8384 showed genetic distance and higher oil contents in the grains, while the cultivars Suprema and CD01RR8384 had the highest oil contents and proved to be little genetically related. These genotypes are promising progenitors for selection of high oil content in soybean.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Stratiotes aloides L. (Hydrocharitaceae) Stands across Europe

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 863
Author(s):  
Barbara Turner ◽  
Steffen Hameister ◽  
Andreas Hudler ◽  
Karl-Georg Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Stratiotes Aloides ◽  
Major River ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Wetland Habitats

Intense land use and river regulations have led to the destruction of wetland habitats in the past 150 years. One plant that is affected by the reduction in appropriate habitats is the macrophyte Stratiotes aloides which has become rare in several areas. The preservation of genetic diversity within a species is a prerequisite for survival under changing environmental conditions. To evaluate the level of genetic diversity within and among populations of Stratiotes aloides, we investigated samples from waterbodies across Europe using AFLP. Low genetic diversity among samples from the same population was found, proving that stands consist of few clones which propagate clonally. Nevertheless, most populations showed differences compared to other populations indicating that there is genetic diversity within the species. The analyzed samples formed two groups in STRUCTURE analyses. The two groups can be further subdivided and mainly follow the major river systems. For conserving the genetic diversity of Stratiotes aloides, it would thus be preferable to focus on conserving individuals from many different populations rather than conserving selected populations with a higher number of individuals per population. For reintroductions, samples from the same river system could serve as founder individuals.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in lowland and mountain populations of Tofieldia calyculata and their ability to survive within low levels of genetic diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Vlasta ◽  
Zuzana Műnzbergová
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Range Periphery ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
European Mountains

Abstract Loss of genetic diversity is expected to be a common reason for decline of populations of many rare species. To what extent this is true for populations at the range periphery remains to be explored. Alpine species with peripheral lowland populations are ideal but poorly known model system to address this issue. We investigated genetic diversity and structure of populations of Tofieldia calyculata, species common in central European mountains but highly endangered in lowlands using 17 microsatellite loci. We showed that lowland populations have lower genetic diversity than mountain populations and they are not clearly differentiated from mountain populations. Species probably survived the last glaciation in refugia in margins of Alps and western Carpathians. Some lowland populations are probably relict as well and contain unique genetic information. Their low genetic diversity is likely the result the of reduction of population sizes, gene flow during the Holocene and selfing. However postglacial colonization is also a case of some lowland populations. Based on data from herbarium specimens from extinct lowland populations, we demonstrated that lowland populations had low genetic diversity also in the past and main part of the genetic diversity was lost due to extinction of whole populations. Within population genetic diversity has not changed since the last century suggesting that these populations are able to survive with low levels of genetic diversity under suitable habitat conditions. This idea is also supported by finding of large viable recent populations with very low genetic diversity. We conclude that lowland populations are unique and deserve adequate conservation.

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