scholarly journals Agrochemical plastic packaging waste decontamination for recycling: Pilot tests in Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Picuno ◽  
Zoe Godosi ◽  
Kerstin Kuchta ◽  
Pietro Picuno
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Pilot Tests

Agriculture, one of the main economic pillars in Europe, plays a growing important role towards the environmental sustainability of the extra-urban land, in which the agricultural activities may proactively contribute to control and regulate the whole ecological conditions. Modern agriculture currently needs big quantities of agrochemicals, which are necessary for the growth and protection of crops and animals. These agrochemicals are commercially distributed to consumers in many types of containers. The most widely used packaging solutions usually employ plastic materials (e.g., containers for liquid pesticide; sacks for granular fertiliser; etc.). These materials, after the use of the agrochemical, need to be decontaminated, before being entrained in a recycling process, in the framework of a circular economy. In the present paper the main results coming from a EU-funded international project are reported, with specific reference to a pilot station that was realised in Italy with the aim to implement and test a codified system for the decontamination of these plastic containers for agrochemicals. The experimental tests were supported by relevant laboratory analysis, which have confirmed that the triple-rinsing decontamination procedure - traditionally employed by farmers for washing and decontaminating these containers - may be effective only under some well-defined conditions. Triple rinsing by farmers has indeed led to an only partial decontamination of the plastic containers, if farmers did not follow an appropriate triple-rinsing protocol, or did not triple-rinse the containers immediately after their emptying.

scholarly journals Re-Processing of Multilayer Plastic Materials as a Part of the Recycling Process: The Features of Processed Multilayer Materials

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2517
Author(s):  
Ville Lahtela ◽  
Shekhar Silwal ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Reuse Options

The weight of packaging materials will be increased with advanced innovations, such as multilayer plastic. The consequence of the advanced innovations is challenges in the following reuse activities. This study aimed to investigate the properties of multilayer plastic materials after recycling processes and will increase the awareness of plastic packaging material for reuse options. In this research, the materials were produced from food packages by crushing them and treating them with injection molding equipment. The implementation of materials in the processing was tested, and the structural and mechanical characteristics of the produced plastic materials was evaluated and discussed. Based on the completed tests, plastic materials used in food packages have the clearest differences in the material features, for instance, the melt flow rate and elongation rate in the tensile test that varied between 2.96–48.4 g/10min and 2–289%, respectively. The variation in the characterizations ranged widely between the material structures. The results indicate that solid plastic packaging materials have better mechanical features compared to foil materials. The structural analysis of materials showed that multilayer plastic includes a wide spectrum of different elements within materials, creating a challenge for future recycling.

Places and Causes of Mismanaged Plastic Materials in the Life Cycle of Flexible Plastic Packaging Based on Mechanical Recycling Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Munzir Hadengganan ◽  
Djoko Sihono Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Rigid Plastic ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Plastic Materials

Plastic waste has become a big issue in the world for its large amount of plastic waste in the sea. Most of the plastic waste is plastic packaging which consists of flexible and rigid plastic packaging. This research discusses flexible plastic packaging. Until now, most researches on the loss of plastic materials discuss how to manage plastic waste disposal once it has been used by community: only a few discuss production cycle: while none of them discusses flexible plastic packaging area. This research aims to examine the number of mismanaged materials throughout flexible plastic packaging life cycle using a combination of Material Flow Analysis (MFA) and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). Based on the literature review, interviews and observations conducted by the author to all stakeholders in the life cycle of flexible plastic packaging, mismanagement of plastic material occurred in each cycle, mostly caused by quality degradation of flexible plastic that could cause plastic waste was not acceptable in the mechanical recycle. The results of this study show that: (1) mismanaged material occurred in all cycles throughout the life cycles of flexible plastic packaging, (2) quality degradation is the main caused of mismanaged material in several cycles, and (3) the mismanaged materials in the life cycle of flexible plastic packaging were 98.29%.

scholarly journals Plastic Waste: Environmental Legal Issues and Policy Law Enforcement for Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 259 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Fenty Puluhulawa ◽  
Mohammad Rusdiyanto Puluhulawa
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
The Concept Of Law ◽  
Enforcement Policies

The use of plastic products has been part of human life and daily activities. Since plastic can be harmful to the environment, solutions are required to limit, reduce, and minimize the use of this material for sustaining environmental preservation. However, it is difficult to change an entrenched habit of using plastics in society. Establishment of law enforcement policies is among the alternatives to the problem to protect the environment from an increase in the amount of plastic waste. This paper was aimed at exploring issues revolving around the habit of using plastic materials amidst society and investigating the concept of law enforcement as a solution to limit and reduce the use of plastic. The data of this empirical juridical research were examined descriptively. According to the result, law enforcement was essential to ensure the sustainability of environmental preservation.

scholarly journals PATRIMONIO PLÁSTICO: A DECISION-MAKING PROCESS FOR THE RE-USE OF AN INDUSTRIAL ARCHITECTURE IN MONTEVIDEO

Detritus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sacco ◽  
Maria Cerreta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Project Proposal ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Industrial Architecture ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The University ◽  
Plastic Containers

This contribution refers to a research carried out between the Departments of Architecture of the University of Naples Federico II and the University of the Republic in Montevideo. The research focuses on the theme of re-use as a practice able to trigger synergistic mechanisms between different entities and identities of the urban fabric. At the centre is Patrimonio Plástico, a decision-making process for the re-use of an industrial architecture dealing with the recycling of waste and materials, such as plastic, containers, and abandoned spaces of the city. The multidisciplinary and multiscalar decision-making process translates into actions some objectives of the Agenda 2030 SDGs at a global level and the objectives expressed by the various social groups interviewed at the local level in order to identify the preferable project proposal whose it has been assessed the economic, social and environmental sustainability.

Manufacturing Plastic Containers for Citrus

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elwyn Jones
Keyword(s):  
Glass Bottle ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Thermoforming Process ◽  
Plastic Containers ◽  
Made In ◽  
Total Market

The thermoforming process (up until most recently) has not made any significant penetration into the metal and foil fiber can area. We have found the same to be true with the thermoform-spin weld process in the glass bottle area. Now, however, with the technical breakthroughs that have been made in both processes, coupled with the availability of a much greater variety of plastic materials; plastic cans and bottles will command a very respectable share of the total market within the next five years. Paper published with permission.

Children Climate Change Activism and Protests in Africa: Reflections and Lessons From Greta Thunberg

2021 ◽  
pp. 027046762110496
Author(s):  
Kelvin Zhanda ◽  
Munyaradzi A Dzvimbo ◽  
Leonard Chitongo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
The Past ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
Regional Organisations ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Document Review

This article is based on a distinctive study that seeks to analyse the nascent role of teenagers’ activism and protests for climate change action. With the increasing realisation of children's rights to participation, the past few years have marked the rise of the new dispensation of climate activism and protests in which teenagers have occupied the centre stage. We pay specific reference to Greta Thunberg, a Swedish child climate activist, in as much as she can set a framework upon which Africa can draw parallels, lessons and insights for climate activism and protests. Even though the context may be different, the paper attempts to inform vibrant climate action through activism by children and ultimately climate policies, laws and management for environmental sustainability in Africa. We engaged document review and thematic approaches, and it emerged that children climate activism and protests in Africa are not as vibrant as they should be given the prevalence of climate inaction across the continent. Therefore, there is much to learn from Thunberg by pushing national governments and regional organisations to increase the decision-making space of children in the fight against climate change.

A Study of Design Demand of Applying Quality Function Deployment in Plastic Folding Chairs

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 3632-3636
Author(s):  
Chun Tung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
High Price ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Quality Function ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Price Range ◽  
User Demand

The design of folding chairs has long been focused on the low-price market targeting at mass gathering with high demand. Following the changes in society, a number of public have accustomed to use the folding chairs as household use, whereas the household folding chair with mid to high price range also emerge from the market eventually. The progress in science and technology, plus the continuous enhancement in plastic molding development and the injection molding technology as well as to the diversity in plastic materials, have all driven to the use of plastic folding chair. Nonetheless, the rise of consumer awareness and enhanced demand for product quality from the public have shifted the design of plastic folding chair from general folding chair to the designers perception oriented chairs. Hence, the study applied quality function deployment to establish user demand for plastic folding chairs, inducing the five expectations for plastic folding chair through the procedures in quality function deployment, namely into “aesthetics,” “convenience,” “structural safety,” “comfort,” and “environmental protection.” These five demands are placed into the House of Quality and transformed into the design elements and benchmark. The research results show that the first three projects and weights for customer requirements are sorted in the order of “parts unlikely to fall off (6.8%),” “non-pinching during use (6.7%)” and “ergonomic considerations (6.5%).” Among the parameter characteristics of design, the first three projects and weights are sorted in order of “use sliders or pullers to prevent pinching (10%),” “no screws used (9.4%)” and “holistic design of structure and form (8.5%).” The designers can fully understand customer demand through this transformation and the designers can add the above demand quality into the design of plastic folding chair during the conceptual design, attempt to assure the new product design can solve the existing inconvenience. The study analysis and results can be proposed as specific reference for the relevant design developers in designing plastic folding chairs.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Plastic Packaging Market in Bangladesh: A Study on Demand-Supply Scenario and Strategic Imperatives for Local Enterprises

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abu Zafor Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
World Class ◽  
Packaging Industry

Pharmaceutical packaging is highly sophisticated industry as quality and safety issues are of utmost priority. Use of advanced technology and high grade plastic materials for pharmaceutical packaging is essence of the market success. In Bangladesh, 30 local pharmaceuticals plastic packaging material producers are capturing almost 70% of the local market while the rest (30%) that require extremely high-tech processing is import dependent. Nevertheless, some local plastic companies are setting up world-class dedicated plant for pharmaceutical plastic packaging, while some pharmaceutical companies such as Square and Acme are extending their facility into backward value segment of the plastic packaging industry. This study strives to determine the market size, major players of the industry–both from supply and demand sides–along with individual contribution in terms of value. It also outlines strategic imperatives for growth and competitiveness of the enterprises involved in the industry.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Biopolymer Horticultural Products for Production and Postproduction Nutrient Provision of Garden and Bedding Crops and Container Ornamentals

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
James A. Schrader ◽  
Christopher J. Currey ◽  
Nicholas J. Flax ◽  
David Grewell ◽  
William R. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Current Formulation ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Plastic Containers

We evaluated emerging biopolymer horticultural products that provide fertilizer nutrients to plants (fertilizing biocontainers, pelletized biopolymer fertilizer, and biopolymer fertilizer spikes) for their effectiveness during greenhouse production and garden growth of floriculture crops, and during postproduction culture of container ornamentals. Greenhouse experiments (in 4.5-inch containers) and garden trials were performed with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), pepper (Capsicum annuum), petunia (Petunia ×hybrida), and marigold (Tagetes patula). Postproduction experiments were performed with 12-inch hanging baskets containing lobelia (Lobelia erinus), trailing petunia (Calibrachoa ×hybrida), and petunia, and with 13-inch patio planters containing zonal geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum), spikes (Cordyline indivisa), bidens (Bidens ferulifolia), and trailing petunia. Although slightly less effective than synthetic controlled-release fertilizer (CRF), all three nutrient-containing biopolymer horticultural products were sufficient and suitable for providing fertilizer nutrients to plants grown in containers and in garden soil. Results of the postproduction experiment provided proof-of-concept for the effectiveness and potential of biopolymer fertilizer spikes as a sustainable method for providing fertilizer nutrients to containerized plants. The current formulation of pelletized biopolymer fertilizer was somewhat more effective for vegetable crops (pepper and tomato) than for floriculture crops (marigold and petunia). For plants produced in 4.5-inch containers, the combination of the fertilizing biocontainer with no additional fertilizer in the greenhouse, then burying the fertilizing container beneath the plant to degrade and provide nutrients in the garden was very effective. Biopolymer horticultural products represent a promising alternative to petroleum-based plastic containers and synthetic fertilizers. Adoption of some or all of these technologies could improve the environmental sustainability of the horticulture industry without reducing productivity or efficiency, and without increasing labor intensity.

scholarly journals Study on the Use of a Variety of Plastic Materials in a Mixture of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) in a Mixture Based on Wear AC-WC Layers (Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Suprayitno Suprayitno ◽  
Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
High Density ◽  
Rigid Pavement ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Normal Composition ◽  
Asphalt Content

Roads with flexible pavement are pavements that use asphalt as an aggregate binder, so they are much in demand rather than rigid pavement. Road infrastructure requires maintenance whose conditions must be maintained on an ongoing basis. The use of plastic packaging cannot be separated in everyday life. HDPE (High density polyethylene) is high density polyethylene. Based on the problem of the amount of used plastic waste currently available, this research is needed to find out how well the pavement uses the use of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) plastic as mixed plastic waste. After testing the laboratory and analyzing it according to the General Highway Specifications for normal composition 1 without a mixture of 0%, the asphalt content that meets all the requirements is estimated at asphalt level between 5.6% - 6%. Whereas in composition 2-4 with HPDE plastic waste 4%, 8%, and 12%. From the results of the research with 4 different compositions, it is obtained that the optimal asphalt content composition of HDPE plastic mixture is 0-12% which meets the VIM and stability an optimal 8% HDPE plastic mixture was obtained with an optimum asphalt content of 4.45%

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