scholarly journals Municipal community gardens in the metropolitan area of Milano. Assessment and planning criteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Senes ◽  
Natalia Fumagalli ◽  
Paolo Stefano Ferrario ◽  
Daniele Gariboldi ◽  
Roberto Rovelli
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
The Road ◽  
Adequate Coverage

A <em>community garden</em> (CG) can generally be defined as a piece of land gardened collectively by a group of people that grow their produce on shared lots that have been divided into smaller plots. Some gardens are grown collectively, are divided into different plots for individual and family use; CGs are usually located in urban or peri-urban areas. As a growing portion of the urban open space network, CGs are contributing to land preservation, access to open space, and sustainable re-use of vacant land. They promote healthy communities and provide food security for many. In this context, the object of the study are the <em>municipal community gardens</em> (MCGs), a specific typology of CGs provided for land-use planning legislation and practice as an <em>urban service</em> with social function, made available to the community by the municipalities and assigned to be cultivated to citizens (usually seniors/retired people). In particular, the study aimed: i) to evaluate the presence of MCGs in the <em>città metropolitana di Milano</em> (the former province of Milano); and ii) to define criteria for new MCGs settlement, using existing geo-database and geographical information system to make it replicable in other settings. For the first topic the 133 municipalities of the former province of Milano (excluded the city of Milano) were analysed. Only 59 municipalities had presence of MCGs. The average area per capita of MCGs is 0.68 sq.m/inhab. (if we exclude Rodano, an outlier with 35 sq.m/inhab.). An overlay with land use map has permitted to define the relationships between the MCGs and their surrounding territory. The major part of MCGs are included in urban or suburban areas. For the second goal, the land area to be allocated for new MCGs was assessed for each municipality, comparing area of existing MCGs and a <em>minimum required area</em> (calculated on the basis of the inhabitants number). Finally a method was proposed to locate the new MCGs areas. Criteria used to identify suitable areas for new MCGs were: proximity to the road network inside residential areas, suitable land use, not high land capability. In this way it has been defined for each municipality the number of MCGs to be realized and their area, and located the potentially suitable sites. Choosing between the identified suitable areas, the new MCGs were homogeneously located on the territory of each municipality in order to ensure adequate coverage of residential areas; the degree of coverage has been verified through a <em>service area</em> analysis. The proposed method seems to be useful for the MCGs settlement at metropolitan/provincial level.

scholarly journals Land-use change and quality of life in residential neighbourhoods: Evidence from Tehran, Iran

GeoScape ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-119
Author(s):  
Navid Forouhar ◽  
Amir Forouhar ◽  
Mahnoosh Hasankhani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Commercial Development

Abstract Land-use planning generally aims to manage the development of urban areas to address the needs of the communities. In this regard, the multiple and often competing environmental, economic and social conflicts complicate the process of land-use planning. Commercial development in residential neighbourhoods is a common type of land-use conflict that can dramatically exacerbate these potential conflicts. Over the recent decades, many affluent neighbourhoods of Tehran Metropolis (the capital of Iran) have been confronted with an unbridled development of commercial activities within the residential areas. This paper seeks to understand the process of land-use change and its impacts on the residents’ quality of life in an affluent neighbourhood of Tehran Metropolis (Gisha Neighbourhood) by adopting a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods of impact assessment including semi-structured interview, purposeful field survey, and traffic survey. The results yield that incompatible land-use policies of the Tehran Comprehensive Plan and structural defects in the land-use change regulations led to an unbridled process of commercialisation which intensified non-local activities with city/regional service coverage along the main streets of Gisha Neighbourhood. The analysis demonstrates that despite improving the accessibility of residents to urban facilities and reducing their travel time/cost, the process of land-use changes in Gisha Neighbourhood declined the residents’ quality of life by its considerable negative effects on socio-cultural structures, landuse patterns, traffic flow, and human health in the residential areas of the neighbourhood.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Social Vulnerability Assessment in the Context of Land Use Changes for Sustainable Urban Planning—Case Studies: Developing Cities in Romania

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Camelia Sabina Botezan ◽  
Andrei Radovici ◽  
Iulia Ajtai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Specific Vulnerability ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Urban growth triggers massive changes in land use cover, exacerbating extreme natural and technological events. In order for land use planning to be efficient, it requires the integration of comprehensive risk and vulnerability assessment. This paper aims to create a bridge between the existing vulnerability theories and their implementation in land use planning policies and proposes an innovative approach to determine whether the changes in the territorial dynamics of cities draw considerable changes in communities’ social vulnerability. The methodology identifies and selects three case studies from the Urban Atlas inventory, representative of the dynamics of large Romanian cities, taking into consideration the following hazards: earthquakes, floods, and technological hazards. Vulnerability was then assessed by assigning each land use class a specific vulnerability level. The methodology involved assessing the level of vulnerability specific to the situation in 2018 compared to 2006. The results showed that major changes in land use are related to the transition of areas with a low level of vulnerability to areas with a higher level of vulnerability as a result of the urban areas expansion to the detriment of natural and agricultural areas. This is generally translated into a higher degree of vulnerability due to an increased density of artificial elements and of population in the residential areas. The findings of the study of territorial dynamics in the proximity of large industrial operators did not reveal a tendency that differed from the general trend. Although many territorial changes have been observed in the period 2006–2018, it is necessary to extend the analysis, with the issue of the new versions of the Urban Atlas, to confirm the identified trends and to express the up-to-date situation.

scholarly journals Nature-Based Solutions for Storm Water Management—Creation of a Green Infrastructure Suitability Map as a Tool for Land-Use Planning at the Municipal Level in the Province of Monza-Brianza (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6124
Author(s):  
Giulio Senes ◽  
Paolo Stefano Ferrario ◽  
Gianpaolo Cirone ◽  
Natalia Fumagalli ◽  
Paolo Frattini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Rainwater Infiltration ◽  
Suitability Map ◽  
Municipal Level

Growing and uncontrolled urbanization and climate change (with an associated increase in the frequency of intense meteoric events) have led to a rising number of flooding events in urban areas due to the insufficient capacity of conventional drainage systems. Nature-Based Solutions represent a contribution to addressing these problems through the creation of a multifunctional green infrastructure, both in urban areas and in the countryside. The aim of this work was to develop a methodology to define Green Infrastructure for stormwater management at the municipal level. The methodology is defined on the basis of three phases: the definition of the territorial information needed, the production of base maps, and the production of a Suitability Map. In the first phase, we define the information needed for the identification of non-urbanized areas where rainwater can potentially infiltrate, as well as areas with soil characteristics that can exclude or limit rainwater infiltration. In the second phase, we constructed the following base maps: a “map of green areas”, a “map of natural surface infiltration potential” and a “map of exclusion areas”. In phase 3, starting from the base maps created in phase 2 and using Geographical Information Systems’ (GIS) geoprocessing procedures, the “Green area compatibility map to realize Green Infrastructure”, the “map of areas not suitable for infiltration” and the final “Green Infrastructure Suitability Map” are created. This methodology should help municipal authorities to set up Green Infrastructure Suitability Maps as a tool for land-use planning.

scholarly journals KAJIAN POTENSI PEMAKAMAN SEBAGAI RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU PERKOTAAN, STUDI KASUS: TPU KOTA PONTIANAK

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustiah Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) pada saat ini banyak mengalami perubahan fungsi menjadi lahan terbangun. Tidak dipungkiri lagi bahwa RTH di banyak kota di Indonesia sudah beralih fungsi menjadi kawasan pemukiman, perhotelan, restauran, pertokoan, perkantoran, jalan raya, tempat parkir, pompa bensin, tempat pedagang kaki lima dan kawasan lainnya. Hal ini menciptakan kelangkaan RTH di banyak daerah perkotaan di Indonesia. Proses perencanaan kota yang berwawasan lingkungan sangat diperlukan di seluruh wilayah perkotaan di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan ruang terbuka yang selama ini belum atau kurang dimanfaatkan harus lebih dimaksimalkan lagi pemanfaatannya, seperti tempat pemakaman. Pemakaman merupakan salah satu bentuk ruang terbuka kota yang belum efektif pemanfaatannya sebagai RTH. Karakteristik dan jenis makam yang ada di Indonesia seperti  tempat pemakaman umum (TPU) dan tempat pemakaman khusus (TPK) memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai ruang terbuka hijau. Pemanfaatan tempat pemakaman umum sebagai RTH dilakukan dengan membandingkan variabel-variabel dari tiap indikator  fungsi RTH, seperti fungsi sosial, fungsi fisik, dan fungsi estetika.  Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan berdasarkan fungsi fisik RTH kawasan pemakaman saat ini masih belum ada kawasan pemakaman umum yang secara optimal dapat berfungsi sebagai RTH. Kawasan Pemakaman yang memenuhi fungsi sosial  RTH  adalah TPU Islam, TPU Kristen, dan TPU tionghoa.  Sedangkan  Fungsi estetika  RTH dapat dipenuhi oleh tempat pemakaman Kristen dan Tionghoa. Green open space has now been changed into buildings. urban green space has been converted into residential areas, hotels, restaurants, shops, offices, highways, parking lots, gas stations, street vendors and other areas. This creates a dearth of green space in many urban areas in Indonesia. Ecological city planning is indispensable in all urban areas in Indonesia. Utilization of open space should be maximized ecologically. Cemetery is one of the urban open space that has not been effectively utilized as a green space. Characteristics cemetery in Indonesia as a public cemetery and the private cemetery have advantages and disadvantages for use as green open space. Analysis of the utilization of public cemeteries as open green space is done by comparing the variables of each indicator function of green open space, such as a social function, physical function, and aesthetic functions. The resulting conclusion is that no area of the public cemetery that optimally meets the physical function as green open space. Cemetery area which fulfills a social function of green open space is the Islamic cemetery, Christian cemetery, and Chinese cemetery. While the aesthetic function can be fulfilled by  Christian Cemetery dan Tionghoa cemetery

scholarly journals Relationship between Land-Use Type and Daily Concentration and Variability of PM10 in Metropolitan Cities: Evidence from South Korea

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Heechul Kim ◽  
Sungjo Hong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mixed Land Use

Since urban areas with high air pollution are known to have higher mortality rates compared to areas with less air pollution, accurately understanding and predicting the distribution of particulate matter (PM) in cities is important for urban planning policies that seek to emphasize the health of citizens. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between PM and land use in metropolitan cities in South Korea using the land-use regression model. We use daily data from the air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) in seven cities in South Korea for the year 2018. For analysis, K-means clustering is employed to identify the land-use pattern surrounding the AQMSs and two log-lin regression models are used to investigate the effects of each land-use type on PM. The findings show a statistically significant difference in PM concentration and variability in the business, commercial, industrial, mixed, and high-density residential areas compared to parks and green areas, and that PM concentration and variability were less in mixed areas than in single land use, thus verifying the effectiveness of a mixed land-use planning strategy. Moreover, microclimatic, seasonal, and regional factors affect PM concentration and variability. Finally, to minimize exposure to PM, various policies such as mixed land use need to be established and implemented differently, depending on the season and time.

Analysis of activity, space and user relations in urban squares

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2094227
Author(s):  
Habibe Acar ◽  
Aysel Yavuz ◽  
Engin Eroğlu ◽  
Cengiz Acar ◽  
Cenap Sancar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Open Space ◽  
User Profile ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Urban Square

With the increasing density of built spaces in urban areas, the need for open spaces increases every day. Squares are one of the most important of these open spaces. Urban squares allow various activities and exhibit functional differences based on location and culture. The diversity of activities conducted in squares is extremely important for the quality and viability of liveable urban spaces. Urban residents prefer spaces that are suitable for individual requirements and desires and allow for a variety of activities. These spaces also contribute to social life. This article aimed to determine the user profile, occupancy, facilities and activity diversity at the Atatürk Plaza (Trabzon urban square) in Trabzon, the capital city of Trabzon Province, Turkey. The occupants of the square and their numbers were analysed via the behaviour observation method. As a result of the observations conducted in the square over one year, 17 activities were identified. The majority of these activities were necessary activities and that the most common activity was walking. The occupancy density and distribution in the square were analysed using the Geographical Information System (GIS). These research findings and analyses could serve as a guide for future urban square and urban open space designs.

IMPACTS OF URBAN LAND USE ON CRIME PATTERNS THROUGH GIS APPLICATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nazri Muhamad Ludin ◽  
Norsiah Abd. Aziz ◽  
Nooraini Hj Yusoff ◽  
Wan Juliyana Wan Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Use Patterns

Land use planning plays a crucial role in creating a balance between the needs of society, physical development and the ecosystem. However, most often poor planning and displacement of land uses particularly in urban areas contribute to social ills such as drug abuse and criminal activities. This research explains the spatial relationship of drug abuse and other criminal activities on urban land use planning and their implications on the society at large. Spatial statistics was used to show patterns, trends and spatial relationships of crimes and land use planning. Data on crime incidents were obtained from the Royal Malaysia Police Department whilst cases of drug abuse were collected from the National Anti-Drug Agency (AADK). Analysis of the data together with digital land use maps produced by Arnpang Jaya Municipal Council, showed the distribution of crime incidents and drug abuse in the area. Findings of the study also indicated that, there was a strong relationship between petty crimes, drng abuse and land use patterns. These criminal activities tend to concentrate in residential and commercial areas of the study area.

BANGUNAN CAMPURAN DENGAN RUANG HIJAU SEBAGAI ASPEK DOMINAN PERANCANGAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Novalentina Novalentina ◽  
Doddy Yuono
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Search And Seizure ◽  
Real Property ◽  
Public Park

Dwelling (also a residence, a residence) is a self-contained accommodation unit used by one or more households as a home; such as a house, apartment, mobile home, household, vehicle, other "substantial" structure. The concept of residence has significance in relation to search and seizure, transport of real property, theft, offenses, and land use planning. In a city like Jakarta, with dense infrastructure, wide economic disparities and a tense social composition, increasing green space should be a top priority. However, residents of the capital Jakarta can reiterate that this is not the case. That in fact lacks a conspicuous park, playground and public park in the capital. The urban design concept deals with the integration of land use, movement and traffic management and the form of the built environment.Its aim is to provide urban high-quality places that are efficient, functional and attractive, and can respond to changing societal, environmental and economic needs over time. In designing it also contributes to, and bridges between planning and design. It deals with the surrounding environment by paying attention to the context of the building and space rather than the object itself. Then it requires access to green infrastructure, open space areas and green spaces, which will contribute to a greener, healthier, smarter, safer, livelier, richer and fairer. This guide will assist in assessing and demonstrating progress in improving green infrastructure to create a place that is useful, sustainable and well used. It creates a wider community, natural environment and supports a healthy economy. Keywords:  Dwelling; Green space; Private space; Public space ; Sustainable. AbstrakDwelling (juga tempat tinggal) adalah sebuah unit akomodasi mandiri yang digunakan oleh satu atau lebih dari satu rumah tangga sebagai; rumah, apartemen, rumah bergerak, rumah tangga, kendaraan, atau struktur "substansial" lainnya. Konsep tempat tinggal memiliki signifikansi dalam kaitannya dengan pencarian, pengangkutan properti nyata, dan perencanaan penggunaan lahan. Di kota seperti Jakarta, dengan infrastruktur yang sangat padat, kesenjangan ekonomi yang luas dan kehidupan sosial yang tegang, peningkatan ruang hijau seharusnya menjadi prioritas utama. Namun, penduduk ibukota Jakarta dapat menegaskan kembali bahwa hal ini tidak terjadi. Bahwa pada nyatanya kekurangan Taman, tempat Bermain dan taman umum yang mencolok di ibukota. Konsep desain perkotaan berkaitan dengan integrasi penggunaan lahan, pergerakan dan lalu lintas manajemen dan bentuk lingkungan binaan. Tujuannya adalah untuk menyediakan perkotaan berkualitas tinggi tempat-tempat yang efisien, fungsional dan menarik, dan dapat menanggapi kebutuhan perubahan masyarakat, lingkungan dan ekonomi dari waktu ke waktu. Dalam mendisain juga berkontribusi, dan menjembatani antara perencanaan dan perancangan. Ini berhubungan dengan lingkungan sekitar dengan memperhatikan konteks bangunan dan ruang daripada objeknya sendiri. Maka diperlukan akses ke infrastruktur hijau, area ruang terbuka dan ruang hijau, yang akan berkontribusi lebih hijau, lebih sehat, lebih cerdas, lebih aman, lebih hidup, lebih kaya dan lebih adil. Panduan ini akan membantu dalam menilai dan mendemonstrasikan perkembangan dalam meningkatkan infrastruktur hijau untuk menciptakan tempat yang berguna, berkelanjutan dan digunakan dengan baik. Ini membuat masyarakat yang lebih luas, lingkungan alam dan mendukung perekonomian yang sehat.

The Risk of Coal Fires And Land Subsidence in Jharia Coalfields, India, Analysed Using Remote Sensing Techniques

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vamshi Karanam ◽  
Shagun Garg ◽  
Mahdi Motagh ◽  
Kamal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Coal Fire ◽  
Coal Fires

&lt;p&gt;Coal fires, land subsidence, roof collapse, and other life-threatening risks are a predictable phenomenon for the mineworkers and the neighbourhood population in coalfields. Jharia Coalfields in India are suffered heavily from land subsidence and coal fires for over a century. In addition to the loss of precious coal reserves, this has led to severe damage to the environment, livelihood, transportation, and precious lives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Such incidents highlight the dire need for a well-defined methodology for risk analysis for the coalfield. In this study, we regenerated a Land Use Land Cover map prepared using Indian Remote Sensing satellite imagery and ground survey. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry analysis using Sentinel -1 images was carried out to study the land subsidence phenomenon between Nov 2018 and Apr 2019. For the same study period, coal fire zones were identified with Landsat &amp;#8211; 8 thermal band imagery. Integration of coal fire maps, subsidence velocity maps, and land use maps was further implemented in a geographical information background environment to extract the high-risk zones. These high-risk areas include residential areas, railways, and mining sites, requiring immediate attention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results show that the coal mines are affected by subsidence of up to 20 cm/yr and a temperature anomaly of nearly 20&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C is noticed. A high-risk zone of almost 18 sq. km. was demarcated with Kusunda, Gaslitand, and West Mudidih collieries being the most critically affected zones in the Coal mines. The study demonstrates the potential to combine data from multiple satellite sensors to build a safer ecosystem around the coal mines. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

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