scholarly journals Study on the possibility of application of a compact roll over protective structure for agricultural wheeled narrow track tractors

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Monarca ◽  
Massimo Cecchini ◽  
Andrea Colantoni ◽  
Simone Di Giacinto ◽  
Giuseppina Menghini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Agricultural Vehicles ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Since occupational accidents often occur in farm tractor drivers, it is extremely important to focus the attention on specific devices in order to avoid risks from tractor overturning. This phenomenon is actually considered as the leading cause of deaths or injuries related to agricultural work. The system adopted to reduce the above-mentioned risk consists of passive protection devices aimed at preventing the hazardous event which may affect workers’ health. More precisely, the tractor chassis (i.e. ROPS) and the proper seat belt define a “safety volume” around the worker. The aim of the present research is to carry out tests on narrow-track wheeled tractors with fixed roll over protective structures in those areas – such as hazel and olive groves and vineyards - where problems related to under–tree activities occur. This is to implement planting layout and/or cultivation techniques which can be considered suitable for tractors with roll over protective structures. According to that, their project parameters – i.e. safety volume, seat position and typology, test methods - can be successfully modified and improved. The results show that nowadays only a few agricultural vehicles are provided with specific fixed devices able to work under tree without damaging orchards.

scholarly journals Study on the possibility of application of a compact roll over protective structure for agricultural wheeled narrow track tractors

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Monarca ◽  
Massimo Cecchini ◽  
Andrea Colantoni ◽  
Simone Di Giacinto ◽  
Giuseppina Menghini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Agricultural Vehicles ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Since occupational accidents often occur in farm tractor drivers, it is extremely important to focus the attention on specific devices in order to avoid risks from tractor overturning. This phenomenon is actually considered as the leading cause of deaths or injuries related to agricultural work. The system adopted to reduce the above-mentioned risk consists of passive protection devices aimed at preventing the hazardous event which may affect workers’ health. More precisely, the tractor chassis (i.e. ROPS) and the proper seat belt define a “safety volume” around the worker. The aim of the present research is to carry out tests on narrow-track wheeled tractors with fixed roll over protective structures in those areas – such as hazel and olive groves and vineyards - where problems related to under–tree activities occur. This is to implement planting layout and/or cultivation techniques which can be considered suitable for tractors with roll over protective structures. According to that, their project parameters – i.e. safety volume, seat position and typology, test methods - can be successfully modified and improved. The results show that nowadays only a few agricultural vehicles are provided with specific fixed devices able to work under tree without damaging orchards.

NIOSH AutoROPS Latch and Release Mechanism: Second Generation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. McKenzie ◽  
J. R. Etherton
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Lock In ◽  
On Farm

Approximately 132 agricultural tractor overturn fatalities occur per year (Myers and Snyder, 1993). The use of rollover protective structures on farm tractors (ROPS), along with operator seat belt use, is the best known method for preventing these fatalities. One impediment to universal ROPS use, however, is low clearance situations, such as orchards and animal confinement buildings. To address the need for ROPS that are easily adapted to low clearance situations, the Division of Safety Research (DSR), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), developed a prototype automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (AutoROPS). The NIOSH AutoROPS consists of two subsystems. The first is a retractable ROPS that is normally mounted to the tractor axle and latched in its lowered position for day-to-day use. The second subsystem is a sensor that monitors the operating angle and rate of roll on two axes of the tractor. If an overturn condition is detected by the sensor, the retracted ROPS will deploy and lock in the full upright position before ground contact. This paper discusses the second generation design of the latch and release mechanism (LRM) for the NIOSH AutoROPS and recommends key areas for future surveillance and design research to best facilitate reduction in farm rollover fatalities.

scholarly journals Workloads and occupational accidents in a rural environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurelize Pereira Rocha ◽  
Marta Regina Cezar-Vaz ◽  
Marlise Capa Verde de Almeida ◽  
Anelise Miritz Borges ◽  
Mara Santos da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Repetitive Movements ◽  
Chi Square Test

This study's objective was to identify the types of workload accruing from agricultural work that are recognized by farmworkers and to verify occupational accidents in two rural environments. This quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study was conducted with 259 farmworkers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, Person's Chi-Square test, and coefficient of contingency were used. The workloads most frequently reported by farmers were heat, fungi, chemicals, dust, repetitive movements, heavy load-lifting, and inappropriate postures. Most accidents occurred with farm implements followed by falls. Significant associations were found among different isntruments and accidents. The results suggest the need for investment in health actions in rural environments to prevent or minimize work-related accidents and diseases so that nurses can contribute in a broad and efficient manner.

scholarly journals Protection by noise in quarrying activities: test methods comparison of the hearing protection devices efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 08005
Author(s):  
Guido Alfaro Degan ◽  
Gianluca Coltrinari ◽  
Dario Lippiello ◽  
Pietro Nataletti ◽  
Diego Annesi
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Hearing Protection ◽  
Noise Attenuation ◽  
Specific Procedure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Maximum Protection

The work operations in the quarry activities are the source of many physical agents such as dust and vibrations but especially noise. This last can have relevant negative effects they cause serious problems for the worker’s health. In order to prevent the hearing loss, the employer must provide to the workers the HPD (Hearing Protection Devices). They are inserted inside the ear following a specific procedure to ensure the maximum protection by the noise. For this reason, the use training represents an essential aspect. Also the material, which the device is made of, can influence strongly the actual noise attenuation. The study is based on tests with different HPD, some made of polyurethane and others by silicone. Two experimental campaigns were carried out under different conditions with the same measurement methodology. The results highlight the importance of the methodology used in the test and the relevant role of the use training.

The Effect of Vertical and Multiplanar Accelerations on Differing Production Seat Belt Sensor Designs

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Meyer ◽  
Arin A. Oliver ◽  
Davis A. Hock ◽  
Joshua D. Hayden ◽  
Stephen M. Forrest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Center Of Gravity ◽  
Restraint System ◽  
Occupant Injury ◽  
Cup Design

In real world accidents, vehicles are often subjected to multiplanar crash environments such as those seen in multiple impacts or rollover collisions. These various impact environments can directly affect the accelerations experienced by the vehicle and its components. Particularly vulnerable is the vehicle sensitive (inertially activated) crash sensor that is commonly used in seat belt retractor design. Though these designs have been proven effective in the frontal crash environments, they have also been shown to be susceptible to unlocking and/or a delay in lockup by vertical and/or rotational accelerations [1–3]. Such delayed retractor response can result in belt webbing payout and significant occupant motion within the restraint system. This can increase the likelihood and severity of occupant injury within the vehicle and/or injury from partial or full ejection in rollovers. Occurrence of this phenomenon in the real world has been documented and previously published [4, 5]. Evidence of retractor sensor unlocking and resulting spoolout includes identifiable forensic markings on the restraint system components [6] as well as occupant excursion evidence including full ejection and excessive partial ejection of properly belted vehicle occupants. The subject paper will follow previously published test methodologies [1–3] and report on new testing conducted on four differing production seat belt retractor designs. The test methods include linear accelerator tests to document the effects of a vertical pulse on an inertially sensitive retractor and, secondly, rotational accelerator tests wherein the retractors were mounted on a rotating fixture and subjected to various roll rates. Two tested retractors are the ball and cup design with the retractor’s inertial sensor incorporated within the retractor mounted in the vehicle’s roof pillars. The other two tested retractor designs utilize remote mounted (near the vehicle’s center of gravity) inertial sensors. These retractors are biased to the locked position via a spring and are held unlocked only when a solenoid is energized by the vehicle’s remote inertial sensor. For the rotational acceleration tests, the retractors were mounted in similar positions to that seen in their respective production vehicles relative to the vehicle’s center of gravity. Two retractors were then tested concurrently on the same test apparatus such that they were subjected to equivalent multiplanar environments, and thus allowed for direct comparison of their retractor design sensitivities and lockup performance. Additionally, a vehicle pillar mounted retractor was tested with and without a webbing sensitive lockup feature to allow for analysis of this design feature in varying multiplanar environments. The retractors’ performance under both the linear/vertical and rollover test conditions were noticeably different and are analyzed in detail.

scholarly journals Canopy Index Evaluation for Precision Management in an Intensive Olive Orchard

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8266
Author(s):  
Alberto Assirelli ◽  
Elio Romano ◽  
Carlo Bisaglia ◽  
Enrico Maria Lodolini ◽  
Davide Neri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Precision Management ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
Index Evaluation ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Monitoring Information

The evaluation of the canopy in orchard cultivation is a key aspect for the main cultivation techniques, such as pruning, thinning, harvesting, production and improved fruit quality. The possibility of having a periodic screening of the state of development of the vegetation can be of practical support to growers. Research on the application of precision agriculture has provided tools for reading and interpreting crops, and the resulting information is potentially useful. Many of the systems under study provide after monitoring information processing systems that reduce the timeliness of intervention. Especially in intensive systems such as olive groves, knowing the precise intervention points is often essential. In the present work, a multi-parameter instrument was used for field monitoring on the agricultural tractor to analyse the canopy. The system allows measuring various indicators such as height and density of the canopy and the temperature and humidity of the ambient air and at the leaf level. The first evaluation of the data made it possible to identify areas with greater vegetative concentration and greater or lesser development. The system made it possible to identify with good approximation the homogeneous areas, based on the Canopy Index (CI) evaluation to be subjected to subsequent and specific management efforts, dividing them into low, ordinary, and high vegetative growth. The results highlight the possibility of directly combining operators able to intervene with the same passage, selecting based on differences in growth, typical varietal specificities, and areas of deficient development or that are affected by plant diseases, confirming the objective of defining the areas of the orchard that require different management and workload techniques.

scholarly journals Diversity and Within-Host Evolution of Leishmania donovani from Visceral Leishmaniasis Patients with and without HIV Coinfection in Northern Ethiopia

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne U. Franssen ◽  
Yegnasew Takele ◽  
Emebet Adem ◽  
Mandy J. Sanders ◽  
Ingrid Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Leishmania Donovani ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Agricultural Work ◽  
Hiv Coinfection ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
Parasite Infections ◽  
Host Evolution

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the second largest cause of deaths due to parasite infections and a growing problem in East Africa. In Ethiopia, it is particularly associated with migrant workers moving from regions of nonendemicity for seasonal agricultural work and is frequently found as a coinfection with HIV, which leads to frequent VL relapse following treatment.

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