scholarly journals Evaluation of environmental and economic effectiveness of the Cross Compliance 4.3 Standards "Maintenance of olive groves and vineyards in good vegetative conditions"

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Sansone ◽  
Antonio Melchiorre Carroni ◽  
Marco Fedrizzi ◽  
Elena Santilli ◽  
Giuseppina Pipitone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Cross Compliance ◽  
Made In

This paper reports the first observations made in three farms of the Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) relating to the environmental monitoring of the standard 4.3 maintenance of olive groves and vineyards in good vegetative conditions and analysis of differential of competitiveness  for both crops.

scholarly journals Environmental effectiveness of the cross compliance standard 4.6 ‘Minimum livestock stocking rates and/or appropriate regimens’

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Sepe ◽  
Mauro Salis ◽  
Rosa Francaviglia ◽  
Marco Fedrizzi ◽  
Antonio Melchiorre Carroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Environmental Effectiveness ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Cross Compliance

The paper presents the main results of the monitoring on the effectiveness of the cross compliance standard 4.6 ‘Minimum livestock stocking rates and/or appropriate regimes’ carried out in two case studies within the project MO.NA.CO: sheep grazing in medium-rich pastures in southern Apennines and in the plain of Sardinia, Italy. The monitoring involved aspects related to soil, flora, livestock and economics (competitiveness differential). The study showed, although in the short term, that the minimum stocking rate 0.2 LU/ha/year was not effective and, conversely, the effectiveness of the maximum level of stocking rate (4 LU/ha) for the maintenance of the habitat. The generalization in applying minimum and maximum rate, not taking into account the climatic conditions, forage resources or farming system (including the species of grazing animal) may lead to a serious nullification of the conditions of the Standard. The authors recommend to identify homogeneous areas and eligible specific stocking rates from all Italian regions, also considering the animal species.

Prairie Thunder flax

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
K. Y. Rashid ◽  
E. O. Kenaschuk
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Made In

Duguid, S. D., Rashid, K. Y. and Kenaschuk, E. O. 2014. Prairie Thunder flax. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 445–449. Prairie Thunder, medium-maturing oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), was released in 2006 by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. Developed from the cross AC Watson/FP1043 made in 1995, Prairie Thunder was evaluated in the Flax Cooperative Trials (2002–2004) before being registered in 2006. Prairie Thunder's desirable combination of improved agronomic traits, seed quality and superior wilt (Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. lini (Bolley) Snyder & Hansen) resistance should make this cultivar useful for producers and the flax industry.

scholarly journals History of wheat cultivars released by Embrapa in forty years of research

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Caierão ◽  
Pedro Luiz Scheeren ◽  
Márcio Só e Silva ◽  
Ricardo Lima de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Historical Survey ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Commercial Line ◽  
Research Corporation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cross ◽  
New Cultivars

In forty years of genetic breeding of wheat, Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) has developed over a hundred new cultivars for different regions of Brazil. Information regarding identification of these cultivars is often requested from Embrapa breeders. Data on year of release, name of pre-commercial line, the cross made, and the company unit responsible for indication of the cultivar are not always easily accessible and are often scattered throughout different documents. The aim of this study was to conduct a historical survey of all the wheat cultivars released by Embrapa, aggregating the information in a single document. Since 1974, Embrapa has released 112 wheat cultivars, including 12 by Embrapa Soybean - CNPSo (Londrina, PR), 14 by Embrapa Cerrado - CPAC (Brasília, DF), 9 by Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste - CPAO (Dourados, MS), and 77 by Embrapa Wheat - CNPT (Passo Fundo, RS).

Development of innovative monitoring technologies in the framework of InnovaMare Project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Odetti ◽  
Federica Braga ◽  
Fabio Brunetti ◽  
Massimo Caccia ◽  
Simone Marini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Air Cushion ◽  
The Cross

<p>The IT-HR InnovaMare project, led by the Croatian Chamber of Economy, puts together policy instruments and key players for development of innovative technologies for the sustainable development of the Adriatic Sea (https://www.italy-croatia.eu/web/innovamare). The project aims at enhancing the cross-border cooperation among research, public and private stakeholders through creation of a Digital Innovation Hub (DIH). The goal is to increase effectiveness of innovation in underwater robotics and sensors to achieve and maintain a healthy and productive Adriatic Sea, as one of the crucial and strategic societal challenges existing at the cross-border level. Within InnovaMare, CNR ISMAR and INM institutes and OGS, in cooperation with the University of Zagreb and other project partners, contribute to developing a solution to access and monitor extremely shallow water by means of portable, modular, reconfigurable and highly maneuverable robotic vehicles. The identified vehicle is SWAMP, an innovative highly modular catamaran ASV recently developed by CNR-INM. SWAMP is characterised by small size, low draft, new materials, azimuth propulsion system for shallow waters and modular WiFi-based hardware&software architecture. Two SWAMP vehicles will be enhanced with a series of kits, tools and sensors to perform a series of strategic actions in the environmental monitoring of the Venice Lagoon: <br>i) An air-cushion-system-kit will be designed and developed. The vehicle will become a side-wall air-cushion-vehicle with reduction of drag and increase in speed. This will also increase the payload with a reduction of draft. <br>ii) An intelligent winch kit with a communication cable for the management of underwater sensors and tools.<br>iii) A GPS-RTK kit for highly accurate positioning in the range of centimeters.<br>iv) An Autonomous programmable device for image acquisition and processing based on the Guard1 camera. This camera acquires images content and, by means of a supervised machine learning approach, recognises/classifies features such as fish, zooplankton, seabed, infrastructures. The system is conceived for autonomous monitoring activities extended in time in fixed or mobile platforms.<br>v) A Multibeam Echo-sounder (MBES) coupled with an IMU (for pitch-roll compensation). MBES data can be used, also coupled with Cameras Imagery, through image-detection techniques for reconstruction and comprehensive knowledge of underwater environment and infrastructures. Possible analyses in coastal areas are: seabed mapping also for cultural heritage, offshore structures and resources and monitoring of biodiversity, hydrocarbon, marine litter, pollution.<br>vi) An underwater Radiometer for multiple analysis: temporal dynamics of optical properties of water; temporal dynamics of water turbidity from water reflectance; submerged vegetation and water depth mapping in optically shallow water; produce reference data for validation of satellite data.<br>vii) Automatic Nutrient Analyzer for real-time nutrient monitoring. This sensor measures nitrate with high accuracy over a wide range of environmental conditions (including extremely turbid and high CDOM conditions), from blue-ocean nitraclines to storm runoff in rivers and streams. <br>The final result of this pilot action is the creation of an innovative prototype platform for sea environmental monitoring. This will be validated through the analysis of results and draw up of guidelines for the improvement of underwater conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Environmental effectiveness of GAEC cross-compliance Standard 1.1a (temporary ditches) and 1.2g (permanent grass cover of set-aside) in reducing soil erosion and economic evaluation of the competitiveness gap for farmers

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bazzoffi ◽  
Rosa Francaviglia ◽  
Ulderico Neri ◽  
Rosario Napoli ◽  
Alessandro Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Rusle Model ◽  
Environmental Effectiveness ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Soil Erosion By Water ◽  
Cross Compliance ◽  
Made In

<p>This paper shows the results of the monitoring carried out in three hilly farms of the MONACO project in order to verify the effectiveness of the Standard 1.1 <sub>(commitment a)</sub> (temporary ditches) and Standard 1.2 <sub>(commitment g)</sub> (Vegetation cover throughout the year in set-aside land) in the reduction in soil erosion, contained in Rule 1: ‘minimum land management that meets specific conditions’ of the decree Mipaaf 2009 and following modifications, until the recent decree No. 180 of January 23, 2015. In addition, the assessment of the competitiveness gap was done. That is the evaluation of the additional costs borne by the beneficiary of the single payment determined from agronomic commitments. Monitoring has also compared the erosion actually observed in the field with that predicted by RUSLE model (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) (Renard et al., 1997) in the two situations: with and without the presence of temporary ditches, i.e. assuming Factual (compliance rules) and in that Counterfactual (infringement). This comparison was made in view of the fact that the RUSLE model was chosen by the 'European Evaluation Network for Rural Development (EEN, 2013) as a forecasting tool for the quantification of' Common Indicator ‘soil erosion by water’. The results of soil erosion survey carried out by using a new  UAV-GIS methodology  on two monitoring farms in two years of observations have shown that temporary ditches were effective in decreasing erosion, on average, by 42.5%, from 36. 59 t ha<sup>-1</sup> to 21.05 t ha<sup>-1</sup> during the monitoring period. It was also evaluated the effectiveness of grass strips (at variance with the commitment of temporary ditches). The results showed a strong, highly significant, reduction in erosion by about 35% times respect soil erosion observed in bare soil and also a significant reduction in the volume of runoff water.  With regard to Standard 1.2 <sub>(commitment g)</sub> the statistical analysis shows a strong and highly significant decrease in the erosion due to the vegetation cover of the soil compared to bare soil. The economic competitiveness gap of  Standard 1.1<sub>(commitment a)</sub> stood at € 4.07±1.42 € ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup>, while CO<sub>2</sub> emissions due to execution of temporary ditches was 2.58 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>year<sup>-1</sup>. As for the Standard 1.2 <sub>(commitment g) </sub>the average differential competitiveness gap amounted to  50.22±13.7 € ha<sup>-1</sup> year<sup>-1</sup> and an output of CO<sub>2</sub> equal to 31.52  kg ha<sup>-1</sup> year.</p>

Note on Losses in Cable Sheaths

1928 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Eddy Current ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Power Cables ◽  
Circulating Current ◽  
Outer Sheath ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Current Flows ◽  
Made In

In a recent communication to the Society, the author referred to cable-sheath losses, and gave formulae for computing them in certain cases. These appertained to power cables in which were comprised a group of conductors, arranged symmetrically and encased in a single conducting sheath. In some distribution systems, however, the conductors for the several phases are encased in separate lead sheaths, which are either laid in proximity as separate cables, or grouped and comprehended in an outer sheath. The analysis previously given does not include such cases directly. Moreover, it is common practice either to lay the elementary cables with sheaths in contact, or to bond the sheaths together at the ends of suitable sections, in order to prevent differences of potential between them; and, when this is done, a circulating current flows in the circuit of the sheaths and bonds, sufficient to maintain equality of potential between the several sheaths. This current, to which reference was made in the former paper, is additional to the eddy current discussed therein, the integral of which over the cross section of the sheath is zero. It is for convenience here referred to as the “circulating current,” to distinguish it from the “eddy current,” although there is no such distinction between them as the names imply.

Pedigree investigation using biochemical markers: the wheat cultivar Gabo

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Wrigley ◽  
KW Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Research Institute

Biochemical tests for characterizing genotype were used to investigate the pedigree of the important Australian wheat Gabo. Although its registered pedigreeis (Bobin Selection x Gaza) x Bobin Selection, there have been suggestions that the recurring parent is Gular, not Bobin. Phenol reactions (grain and glume) and electrophoresis/isoelectric focusing patterns (gliadins) were obtained for a number of different accessions of Gabo, Gaza, Bobin and Gular. Gabo and Gaza samples were uniform; Bobin and Gular samples were not. The characteristics of most Bobin and Gular samples were inconsistent with their being a parent of Gabo. The results indicated that a sample called 'Bobin Selection W39' was the parent used in the cross with Gaza to produce Gabo, and that this selection was probably not Bobin, but a sample of Gular similar to that accessioned as 634 at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute.

On F2Echinus Hybrids

1914 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Second Generation ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Hybrid Generation ◽  
Marine Biological Laboratory ◽  
Marine Biological ◽  
Biological Laboratory ◽  
The Cross ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Made In

An investigation on inheritance in hybrids between the three English species of Echinus was carried out in the Marine Biological Laboratory, Plymouth, during 1909–1912 by C. Shearer, W. de Morgan, and H. M. Fuchs. In a paper published in the Phil. Trans. Royal Soo., Ser. B, Vol. CCIV., p. 255, the results of this work were described in detail. At the time of publication, E. miliaris had been raised from the egg to maturity in the laboratory, in the course of one year, and a second generation had been obtained from these individuals, but none of the hybrid urchins had as yet reached maturity. This year, however, some of the hybrids have become sexually mature, and from them a second hybrid generation has been raised.The urchins which have formed ripe genital products are four individuals of the cross E. esculentus X E. acutus (referred to below as EA) derived from fertilizations made in 1912. The largest of these urchins now measures 6 cm. in diameter, exclusive of the spines. On May 11th, 1914, two of these hybrids laid eggs in the tank in which they were kept. Naturally these eggs could not be used for experimental purposes, since they were deposited in the sea water of the aquarium circulation, and therefore not under sterile conditions. On June 6th I induced three of the four to deposit genital products without cutting them open, under conditions which excluded the possible presence of foreign eggs or spermatozoa. It is hardly necessary to mention here that, as in all the previous work on Echinus hybrids, the fact of the complete absence of such sperm was made certain by controls of unfertilized eggs, none of which segmented.

The Resistance of Inclined Struts in a Uniform Air Current

1915 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Thurston ◽  
N. Tonnstein
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Equal Length ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Air Resistance ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Made In

These experiments were carried out in the aerodynamical laboratory at East London College, with a view to investigating the variation of air resistance of certain bars as the inclination of their longitudinal axes to the direction of the wind was varied, the current of air being kept at a constant velocity. Four bars were used, having the cross sections shown in Fig. I, that is, a square, a 2:1rectangle, a circle, and a 3:1 streamline form. The bars were carefully made in wood to an equal length of 34m. and approximately a maximum width of lin. in each case. It was thought that interference due to the ends of the bars would be minimised by having some sort of entering edge fitted to the flats. Accordingly, wedge-shaped ends were tried in the case of a fifth bar, but various difficulties seemed to lead to erroneous results and they were abandoned in favour of squared-off ends.

Prairie Sapphire flax

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
K. Y. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Made In

Duguid, S. D. and Rashid, K. Y. 2013. Prairie Sapphire flax. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1271–1275. Prairie Sapphire, a medium-early maturing oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), was released in 2009 by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. Developed from the cross Macbeth/FP2030 made in 1998, Prairie Sapphire was evaluated in the Flax Cooperative Trials (2005–2007) before being registered in 2009. Prairie Sapphire's desirable combination of agronomic traits with its significantly improved oil and meal protein content should make it a useful cultivar for producers and the flax industry.

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