scholarly journals Obstetric fistula in Assam, India: a neglected cause of maternal morbidities and mortality

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Jungari ◽  
Bal Govind Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Obstetric Fistula ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Very High

Each year between 50,000 to 100,000 women worldwide are affected by obstetric fistula, a hole in the birth canal. Obstetric fistula is one of the major cause for maternal morbidities and mortality and it has been successfully eradicated in developed nations. Women who experience obstetric fistula suffer constant incontinence, shame, and social segregation. Obstetric fistula is prevalent in African and Asian countries, including India. In India, data has been collected in a large scale survey of district level household survey regarding obstetric fistula and its causes. In this study, efforts are endeavoured to understand the prevalence and causes of obstetric fistula in Assam state, India, where prevalence of obstetric fistula is very high (4.5%). Chi-square test was applied to determine the affecting factors of obstetric fistula. Results showing the socioeconomic status, education, place of residence and age group are important determinants in variation of fistula prevalence among women.

Self-reported income data: are people telling the truth?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1349-1359
Author(s):  
Fernando Antonio Ignacio González
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Benford’S Law ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Anomalous Data ◽  
Benford's Law ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose This paper aims to detect anomalous data in income reports of Argentina, including personal income – from a sample of households – and statements of public officials. Design/methodology/approach A widely known technique in forensic accounting – such as Benford’s Law – is used. The Chi-square test and the absolute mean deviation are used for verification. The databases consulted include the income declared by households in the Permanent Household Survey – for the 2003-2017 period – and the capital declarations of high-ranking public officials – for the period 1999-2017. Findings The results suggest that income reported in the Encuesta Permanente de Hogares do not follow a Benford´s distribution, and the degree of conformity with this decreases significantly between 2007 and 2015 – coincident with the intervention period of the Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos. Patrimonial statements of public officials present an acceptable level of compliance with Benford’s law, especially among those of the legislative branch (in more than 90% of cases) although to a lesser extent among officials of the executive branch. Practical implications The results suggest that income reports from the Permanent Household Survey, for the period 2007-2015, should be used with reservations because of their possible manipulation. Originality/value During the intervention of the official statistics institute in Argentina (2007-2015), the idea of lack of credibility of its reports has been disseminated. To date, however, there is no empirical evidence to support it related to income.

Attitude of Female Students Towards Physical Education and Sports

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Pashupati Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The University ◽  
Very High

 This study presents an attitude of female students studying B.Ed. third year towards physical education and sports within Kathmandu valley. Initially, it was hypothesized that there is no significance difference in attitude of physical education and sports among female students of different campuses. From these 6 campuses, 184 female students were randomly selected. A five-point Likert-type scale was applied for data collection from the selected students who studied in B.Ed. third year. Altogether five opinion statements were used for data collection. It was found that all respondents showed positive attitudes towards physical education and sports. In order to test whether there is significant interdependence in score among the respondents in different perspectives. The chi-square test score was applied as statistical test at the 0.05 level of significance. The chi-test under contingency table: independent of opinion among the respondent, if (χ2>α=0.05 in different degree of freedom) and independent if (χ2≤ α=0.05 in different degree of freedom). For the measurement of attitude for physical education and sports,it has enough evidence in the data to accept alternatives hypothesis; there is relation or interdependence of attitude towards physical education and sports among the respondents. Because, the score is very high among the response of respondent. The study suggests that the university teacher must be accountable to construct professional environment.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Relationship Between Disaster Experiences and Disaster Measures: Potential for Specific Measures Against Disasters

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s143-s143
Author(s):  
Hazuki Shintaku ◽  
Hiromi Kawasaki ◽  
Satoko Yamasaki ◽  
Yoshihiro Murata ◽  
Luoming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Evacuation Drills ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Mental Care

Introduction:Japan is known worldwide as an earthquake-prone country, and large-scale landslide disasters have occurred frequently in recent years. Early preparation is essential for taking precise action in case of an emergency. People with disaster experience are often discussed in the importance of evacuation drills. However, most people have no disaster experience, so awareness of disaster countermeasures is desirable for non-experienced people.Aim:To clarify the concerns of non-experienced people and consider how to strengthen disaster measures as an evacuation drill host or educator.Methods:From February to March 2018, we enrolled teachers and parents whose children attend Hiroshima City Elementary School. Based on disaster experiences, we divided them into two groups, non-experienced and experienced, and a comparison of measures was performed between them. We used SPSS ver.22 and did a chi-square test.Results:There were 1,702 valid responses (145 teachers and 1,557 parents); 1,406 were non-experienced, and 289 were experienced. The issues both groups were most concerned about were “children’s safety at school” (non-experienced 61.7%, experienced 57.3%), “securing food and drink at school” (39.0%, 3.3.9%), “acceptance and distribution of relief supplies” (28.1%, 2.6.6%), and “resident evacuation” (25.4%, 2.4.0%). The experienced were most concerned with “children’s mental care” (60.2%), and the non-experienced were most concerned with “children’s safety at school” (61.7%).Discussion:Regardless of experience, parents tend to be deeply concerned about all things pertaining to their children. Physical safety, as well as psychological needs, were of high importance. For non-experienced, we should develop interest by focusing on children’s needs when writing manuals for disaster measures and evacuation drills. Therefore, future projects to strengthen awareness of disaster prevention for the non-experienced should focus on three key issues: “step-by-step approaches for children,” “physiological needs,” and “safety of schools and shelters.”

Software entrepreneurs’ competencies based on business growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Iman Sudirman ◽  
Joko Siswanto ◽  
Atya Nur Aisha
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Service Orientation ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technical Competencies ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose This study aims to identify the competencies of small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) entrepreneurs in the software sector and the perceived level of attainment in each competency. It also examines whether these competencies and their levels affect business turnover and growth (in terms of business scale and duration). Design/methodology/approach To accomplish this purpose, the study took a quantitative approach, involving a survey of 33 SME entrepreneurs, which was then processed using statistical tests, including chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test and ordinal regression. Findings There were four findings of the study. Firstly, software SME entrepreneurs need 17 competencies, with high levels of soft competencies being required and average levels of technical competencies. Secondly, there are significant differences in perceived levels of customer service orientation (p = 0.089) depending on the scale of the business and in perceived levels of project management (p = 0.087) depending on the duration of the business. Thirdly, customer service orientation (p = 0.031) and project management (p = 0.01) both have a significant influence on business revenues. Fourthly, there were significant gaps in perceived levels of competency (p < 0.05) in achievement orientation, customer service orientation and project management. Originality/value There is existing research that conducts competency mappings at the managerial level in large-scale organizations; however, this sort of research in relation to SME entrepreneurs is still lacking. The present study seeks to fill this gap. It also maps integrated entrepreneurial competencies, including soft and technical competencies; a focus that is lacking in previous studies.

scholarly journals Acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde por idosos segundo microrregionais de saúde [Health services access and use by older adults, by health micro-regions] [Acceso y uso de servicios de salud por adultos mayores, según microrregiones de salud]

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. e51838
Author(s):  
Thaislane Milene Oliveira ◽  
Pollyana Cristina dos Santos Ferreira ◽  
Nayara Gomes Nunes Oliveira ◽  
Darlene Mara dos Santos Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Dental Appointment

Objetivo: descrever e comparar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos idosos, e o acesso e a utilização dos serviços de saúde, segundo três microrregionais de saúde de Minas Gerais. Método: inquérito domiciliar transversal realizado com 1.635 idosos residentes nas Microrregionais de Saúde do Triângulo Sul, em Minas Gerais. Procederam-se às análises descritivas e teste qui-quadrado (p<0,05). Resultados: na comparação entre os grupos obteve-se diferença significativa em relação à faixa etária (p<0,001), número de morbidades (p<0,001), uso contínuo de medicamentos (p<0,001) e não realizar consulta com dentista no último ano (p=0,005). Conclusão: as políticas públicas devem considerar os fatores sociodemográficos e as condições clínicas dos idosos, mediante o contexto da territorialização e regionalização em saúde, para proposição de estratégias de ação que favoreçam o acesso e uso dos serviços por essa população.ABSTRACTObjective: to describe and compare the older adults’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and their access to, and use of, health services, by three health micro-regions in Minas Gerais. Method: this cross-sectional household survey interviewed 1,635 older adults living in the Health Micro-regions of the Southern Triangle of Minas Gerais. Descriptive analyses and chi-square test were performed (p < 0.05). Results: comparisons among the groups revealed significant differences by age group (p < 0.001), number of morbidities (p < 0.001), continuous medication use (p < 0.001) and no dental appointment in the prior year (p = 0.005). Conclusion: in the context of health care territorialization and regionalization, public policies should consider older adults’ sociodemographic characteristics and clinical conditions, in order to propose action strategies to favor service access and use by this population.RESUMENObjetivo: describir y comparar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los adultos mayores y su acceso y uso de los servicios de salud por parte de tres microrregiones de salud en Minas Gerais. Método: esta encuesta de hogares de corte transversal entrevistó a 1.635 adultos mayores residentes en las Microrregiones de Salud del Triángulo Sur de Minas Gerais. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y prueba de chi-cuadrado (p <0.05). Resultados: las comparaciones entre los grupos revelaron diferencias significativas por grupo de edad (p <0,001), número de morbilidades (p <0,001), uso continuo de medicación (p <0,001) y ausencia de consulta dental en el año anterior (p = 0,005). Conclusión: en el contexto de territorialización y regionalización asistencial, las políticas públicas deben considerar las características sociodemográficas y las condiciones clínicas de los adultos mayores, con el fin de proponer estrategias de acción que favorezcan el acceso y uso de los servicios por parte de esta población.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS KULONPROGO DISTRICT (LOCATING A NEW GROWTH CENTER)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Lutfi Mutaali
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
Very High

This study aims to identify the dynamics of regional development and find a new growth center in Kulonprogo Regency which is based on rural areas. By using a quantitative analysis of regional development indicators, the results showed that out of 88 villages in Kulonprogo Regency, 19.4% had high and very high potential for regional development, supported by the availability of facilities and infrastructure, and also a high and very high centrality value, around 21.6%. These villages have the potential to be an embryo growth center with potential criteria high (17%) and very high (6.8%). The Chi-Square test and Pearson correlation show a close relationship between the factors that form the center of growth, such as population density and growth, level of regional development, availability of infrastructure, and the value of centrality. Four main urban centers (PUP) were selected, namely the villages of Pengasih, Wates, Giripeni, and Bendungan. The Center for Alternative Growth (PPA), namely Brosot, Sentolo, Jati Srono, Gerbosari villages. The rest will support the Alternative Growth Center, Airport Area, Aerocity, and rural hinterlands.Keywords: Regional development level, Growth center, Rural

The level of individual social capital and social activity among librarians and managerial personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 132-148
Author(s):  
Maja Dorota Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Social Capital ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The One

PurposeThe purpose of this paper i to determine which group – the managerial personnel or the directors of libraries – had a more extensive social network and were more eager to engage in cooperation, in other words – had the qualities believed to be important in managerial positions.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the results of research on the levels of individual social capital, as well as the social activity among librarians in 20 countries across the world, which are important for integration with the local community and development of library services.FindingsThe research confirmed that library directors are more active than managerial personnel or line workers, although there were areas in which line workers and managers scored higher than directors. In some areas of civic activity, line workers and managers, rather than directors, led the way.Research limitations/implicationsThis is the first research into the social capital and social activity of the managerial personnel of libraries conducted on such a large scale – in 20 countries across the world. The electronic survey resulted in the total of 6,593 valid responses, which were analysed statistically. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics were calculated, and the chi-square test of independence and the Mann–Whitney U test were applied. The level of individual social capital was calculated on the basis of a resource generator – Questionnaire for the Measurement of Individual Social Capital (KPIKS).Originality/valueThis is the first research into the social capital and social activity of the managerial personnel of libraries conducted on such a large scale – in 20 countries across the world. The electronic survey resulted in the total of 6,593 valid responses, which were analysed statistically. The one-way ANOVA statistics were calculated, and the chi-square test of independence and the Mann–Whitney U test were applied. The level of individual social capital was calculated on the basis of a resource generator – Questionnaire for the Measurement of Individual Social Capital (KPIKS).

scholarly journals The Dual Threshold Limit of Financing and Formal Credit Availability with Chinese Rural Households: An Investigation Based on a Large Scale Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Qin ◽  
Ruoen Ren ◽  
Qinghai Li
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Credit Availability ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Large Scale Survey ◽  
Household Survey Data

The literature on credit availability for rural households primarily focuses on the supply side, and largely ignores the demand side. This paper divided the credit process into three stages using large-scale household survey data. It also reviewed the credit process in other developing countries. A dual sample selection model was used to deal with the dual self-selection problem, which has been neglected in previous studies. This paper found that the main obstacle that farmers faced in obtaining financing was fear of applying for credit from formal financial institutions. In addition, there were significant differences in the determinants of different stages of the credit process of rural households.

scholarly journals Contributions of Agroforestry on Socio-economic Conditions of Farmers in Central Punjab, Pakistan – A Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.H. Farooq ◽  
N.P. Gautam ◽  
M.H.U Rashid ◽  
M.M. Gilani ◽  
W. Nemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
To Come

Abstract Agroforerstry (AF) in the farmlands of Punjab (Pakistan) is a tradition, but it was practiced without any proper methodology. From last few years, AF practices have become popular in Punjab. Especially in the rural areas woody biomass is being used as a major source of energy. The study was designed to examine the contributions of AF on the socio-economic conditions of the farmers in the central Punjab of Pakistan. District Chiniot was selected as the universe of study and a detailed survey was conducted in the three tehsiles by interviewing 150 randomly selected farmers with the use of a wellstructured questionnaire. In addition, secondary data was also collected from district agriculture offices. Chi-Square test was used for quantitative data analysis. Results showed that farmer’s annual income and household status was improved after practicing AF. Reasonably less poor farmers have more income increase than the poor farmers due to an extra investment, but income generation helped poor farmers to maintain the minimal living standards. Farmers perceived the advantage of trees immensely and the large scale farmers taking this as a genuine source of income. In adoption of AF, attitude of the farmers was independent of family size and settlement period, but was dependent on the occupation and number of livestock holding. The study suggested that, in the present financial scenario of the poor farmers, planting of suitable tree species with multiple benefits is an escape way to come out of the vicious circle of poverty. Along with that agroforestry can play a vital role in increasing the vegetation cover in forest deficient countries. Extension services and awareness programs should be arranged in the areas where people have negative attitude about AF practices, because the cultivated fields are the best places to grow the tree with crops. Moreover, subsidies and income generating project should be launched to motivate people towards AF.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, Challenges of Big Data Analytics based on IT Staffs Point of View in a Developing Country

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Elham Nazari ◽  
Zahra Ebnehoseini ◽  
Zhila Agharezaei ◽  
Hamed Tabesh
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Introduction: The skilled IT staff about big data analytics can motivate organizations to adopt the big data analytics. The aim of the current study is to present the knowledge, attitude, and challenges of the big data analytics based on IT staff’ viewpoints in a developing country.Material and Methods: A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was developed based on a literature review. Content validity and face validity were measured using Delphi technique. The questionnaire comprised of three parts including knowledge, attitude, and challenges. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results. The chi-square test was applied to identify associations between knowledge and attitude of participants with the demographic characteristics.Results: Out of a total of 250 IT staffs, 120 participated in the study. Knowledge levels were low, moderate, and high in 35.0%, 33.3%, and 31.7 % of the participants, respectively. The two most affecting factors on the knowledge level of participants were age groups and sex. IT staffs hold a positive attitude toward big data analytics. The most of IT staffs believed that big data management is necessary for the country and they agreed that big data analyzes can provide many advantages to organization managers. As well, 35 challenges of the big data analytics were identified.Conclusions: Our results showed that the big data analytics face with many problems in following issues: awareness and education, recruiting skilled specialists, presentation big data analytics benefits to IT managers and policy-makers, conducting research projects, developing a strategic plan at national and local levels.

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