scholarly journals Report-back for geo-referenced environmental data: A case study on personal monitoring of temperature in outdoor workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Thompson ◽  
Maggie Sugg ◽  
Jennifer Runkle
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioural Modification ◽  
The Individual

Few studies have evaluated the benefits of reporting back participatory environmental monitoring results, particularly regarding participant motivation toward behavioural modification concerning workplace heat exposure. This study evaluated the individual data report-back for geo-located environmental temperature and time activity patterns in grounds maintenance crews in three geographic regions across the South-eastern United States. Surveys collected information on worker interpretation of their results and intended action(s) to reduce heat exposure. Worker response was highly positive, especially among more experienced workers who expressed a greater willingness to modify personal behaviour to reduce heat stress. Individual-level report-back of environmental data is a powerful tool for individuals to understand and act on their personal exposure to heat.

scholarly journals Understanding permaculturist motivations among residents of the “PermaKulturRaum” in Goettingen, Germany: a qualitative analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinrich Petri ◽  
Heiko Faust
Keyword(s):  
Global Scale ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Behavioral Determinants ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
The Core ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
The Individual

AbstractBy using an inductive qualitative approach, investigating the micro scale, that is, the individual level, we conducted a case study on the PermaKulturRaum in Goettingen, Germany—an experimental space for students to explore alternative lifedesigns. On the supposition that only a radical transition can achieve sustainability on a global scale, we identified permaculture as an appropriate method to achieve this. However, permaculture is not widely spread and largely ignored by scientific research. We started a first attempt to understand the underlying motivations of permaculturists. Using behavioral studies as our theoretical framework, we found out that behavioral determinants, like biospheric values, green-identity, and the intention to act green were extraordinarily high and that the core of their pro-environmental behavior is most likely their strong intrinsic motivation. Regarding the PermaKulturRaum, we could formulate following theses: (1) a comprehensive implementation of permacultural aspects requires an urge for an alternative lifedesign, (2) a radical lifedesign attracts primarily like-minded people, which creates isolated spaces, (3) early childhood experiences or single key moments are important to trigger a pro-environmental interest.

scholarly journals Effects of Individual and Environmental Factors on GPS-Based Time Allocation in Urban Microenvironments Using GIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Dėdelė ◽  
Auksė Miškinytė ◽  
Irma Česnakaitė ◽  
Regina Gražulevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Time-activity patterns are an essential part of personal exposure assessment to various environmental factors. People move through different environments during the day and they have different daily activity patterns which are significantly influenced by individual characteristics and the residential environment. In this study, time spent in different microenvironments (MEs) were assessed for 125 participants for 7 consecutive days to evaluate the impact of individual characteristics on time-activity patterns in Kaunas, Lithuania. The data were collected with personal questionnaires and diaries. The global positioning system (GPS) sensor integrated into a smartphone was used to track daily movements and to assess time-activity patterns. The study results showed that behavioral and residential greenness have a statistically significant impact on time spent indoors. These results underline the high influence of the individual characteristics and environmental factors on time spent indoors, which is an important determinant for exposure assessment and health impact assessment studies.

Political Segregation of the Metropolis: Spatial Sorting by Partisan Voting in Metropolitan Minneapolis–St Paul

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle E. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Central City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Twin Cities ◽  
Spatial Analyses ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Spatial Sorting ◽  
The Individual

Recent electoral research has claimed that individuals in the United States are self–segregating along political lines. In this paper, I use the Twin Cities, Minnesota, metropolitan area as a case study to test for the presence of political segregation through statistical and spatial analyses of electoral data from 1992 to 2012. I find that while segregation by partisan voting at the individual level is comparatively low, it has increased during the study period, and there exists substantial spatial clustering in voting patterns at aggregate levels. These distinct electoral divides between central city and exurb suggest spatial sorting of the electorate in the metropolitan area.

Comparison of VOCs Personal Exposure Levels According to Time-activity Patterns in Korea

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S98
Author(s):  
Wook-Hee Choi ◽  
Kyung-Hwa Park ◽  
Won-Ho Yang ◽  
Ki-Young Lee ◽  
Chung-Sik Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Exposure Levels

The myth of the secular–Islamist divide in Muslim politics: Evidence from Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Muslim Politics ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

Many scholars argue that politics in majority-Muslim societies are marked by deep polarization: dominated by struggles between secularists and Islamists who hold fundamentally divergent ideological positions. Yet, this finding is likely a result of scholarly focus on Islamist organizations and political parties rather than their constituencies. Using Tunisia as a case study, this article investigates attitudinal polarization between secularists and Islamists at the individual level using a mixed-method design combining statistical analyses of survey data with content analyses of in-depth interviews. Statistical results indicate that Islamists are no different from non-Islamists in attitudes about excommunication ( takfir), popular sovereignty, women’s rights, or minority rights, though they are more skeptical of democracy and express less religious tolerance. Interview results show that many political procedures advocated by Islamists resemble the secular procedures they seek to replace and, though secularists tend to have negative views of Islamists, many express support for Islamist ideological positions. Taken together, these findings provide little evidence of attitudinal polarization along the so-called secular–Islamist divide.

scholarly journals Transitional Justice in Rwanda: Analysis of Reconciliation Initiatives in Musha Village

Politologija ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-148
Author(s):  
Urtė Jakubėnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Field Trip ◽  
National Government ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

The article examines how reconciliation is perceived at the individual level. This particular case study analyses what types of reconciliation practices exist in Musha village and whether or not the inhabitants see it as effective ones. In an attempt to investigate the reconciliation definition from the local people’s perspective and to observe their community-level experiences, ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda has been conducted. This study reveals that locals understand reconciliation in the same way as the government authorities proclaim. Data gathered during this field trip indicate the significance of reconciliation as controlled by the national government. As a consequence, the people are not able, and at the same time, are not really concerned about rethinking reconciliation in other possible ways. Furthermore, this concludes the fact that the central authorities have become able to peacefully construct the narrative of forced reconciliation, while social exclusion in the country still robustly prevails.

scholarly journals Means, Motives and Opportunity: determinants of community health worker performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. e001790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna John ◽  
Thomas Newton-Lewis ◽  
Shuchi Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Worker Performance ◽  
Performance Problem ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Job Role

The performance of community health workers (CHWs) typically depends on the interaction between their motivation (their intent to achieve personal and organisational goals) and the constraints that they face in doing so. These constraints can be both at the individual level, for example, whether the worker has the skills and knowledge required to deliver on their job role, and the organisational level, for example, whether the worker is provided with the resources required to perform. Designing interventions to improve the performance of CHWs requires identifying the constraints to performance in a particular context. Existing frameworks on CHW performance tend to be derived empirically, identifying a broad range of intervention design and contextual factors that have been shown to influence CHW performance. These may not always be able to guide policy makers to identify the precise cause of a specific performance problem in a particular context and develop an appropriate policy response. This article presents a framework to help practitioners and researchers diagnose the constraints to performance of CHWs and guide programmatic and policy responses. The Means, Motives and Opportunity (MMO) framework has been adapted from the SaniFOAM framework used to identify the determinants of sanitation behaviours. It is based on three interdependent and interacting domains: means (whether an individual is capable of performing), motives (whether an individual wants to perform) and opportunity (whether the individual has the chance to perform). A wide range of data sources are expected to be used when applying the MMO framework, especially qualitative research that captures the perspectives and lived realities of CHWs and their communities. In this article, we demonstrate how the MMO framework can be applied to identify the constraints to CHW performance using the case study of Anganwadi Workers (village nutrition workers) in Bihar, India.

scholarly journals Grassroots Roma Women Organizing for Social Change: A Study of the Impact of ‘Roma Women Student Gatherings’

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Aiello ◽  
Jelen Amador-López ◽  
Ariadna Munté-Pascual ◽  
Teresa Sordé-Martí
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Qualitative Case Study ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Roma People ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roma Women

Scientific literature has focused on the constraints that Roma women have faced to overcome the racism and inequalities that they and the Roma people as a whole have suffered. However, less attention has been paid to how Roma women organize to challenge this reality. Drawing on a qualitative case study about the Roma Association of Women Drom Kotar Mestipen (Barcelona) and specifically on the analysis of one of its activities, the ‘Roma women student gatherings’ (known as ‘Trobades’ in Catalan), this article contributes evidence to show how Roma women are fighting to improve their own living conditions and those of their people by organizing at the grassroots level. The communicative analysis reveals the impacts that these gatherings have on the individual and societal levels. First, the gatherings have impacts on the individual level, as many of the women who participate in them are exposed to and embrace new educational projects, thus acquiring more skills to be better prepared to later access the labor market. Second, their impact is also evidenced on the societal level, as the gatherings enhance Roma women’s associational life, resulting in new mobilizations and often making women who were once in the shadows become community leaders.

scholarly journals Enriching Meta-Analytic Models of Summary Data: A Thought Experiment and Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blakeley B. McShane ◽  
Ulf Böckenholt
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Analytic Models ◽  
Summary Data

Meta-analysis typically involves the analysis of summary data (e.g., means, standard deviations, and sample sizes) from a set of studies via a statistical model that is a special case of a hierarchical (or multilevel) model. Unfortunately, the common summary-data approach to meta-analysis used in psychological research is often employed in settings where the complexity of the data warrants alternative approaches. In this article, we propose a thought experiment that can lead meta-analysts to move away from the common summary-data approach to meta-analysis and toward richer and more appropriate summary-data approaches when the complexity of the data warrants it. Specifically, we propose that it can be extremely fruitful for meta-analysts to act as if they possess the individual-level data from the studies and consider what model specifications they might fit even when they possess only summary data. This thought experiment is justified because (a) the analysis of the individual-level data from the studies via a hierarchical model is considered the “gold standard” for meta-analysis and (b) for a wide variety of cases common in meta-analysis, the summary-data and individual-level-data approaches are, by a principle known as statistical sufficiency, equivalent when the underlying models are appropriately specified. We illustrate the value of our thought experiment via a case study that evolves across five parts that cover a wide variety of data settings common in meta-analysis.

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