scholarly journals Refinement of laboratory animal welfare

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Gazzano ◽  
Chiara Mariti
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Animal Housing ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Experimental Process

In order to achieve an effective refinement of animal welfare, it is necessary to intervene on all phases of the experimental process: animal housing, experiment, rehoming of animals that have undergone experimentation, with an active intervention by researchers and veterinary surgeons. It is crucial to know the ethology of the hosted animal species, in order to house animals in a physical and social environment that is as similar as possible to the environment in which that species live in natural conditions. A particular care must be devoted to experimental phase in which animal welfare is at greatest risk: a careful control by the veterinarian is necessary to identify the slightest signs of pain in the animal, intervening with an adequate analgesic therapy. At the end of the experimental phase, once the state of good health has been recovered, animals can be rehomed.

Methodological Analysis in Behavioral Toxicology: an Ethotoxicological Approach

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Alleva ◽  
Judith Rankin ◽  
Daniela Santucci
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Natural Settings

A constraint in the development of laboratory animal models of human disease conditions is their applicability to the natural environment in which a given animal species evolved. The range of behavioral patterns that can be carefully assessed and quantified in the laboratory is sometimes limited. Although field studies reflect behavioral responses in natural settings, they may also have methodological limitations. Laboratory techniques are not applicable to wild species since natural conditions cannot be brought into a laboratory in an inexpensive or reliable way. However, it is possible to create near-natural settings which may not fulfill all the criteria of the actual context of evolution, but which can be controlled by the experimenter. We recommend an integrative style of approach considering laboratory constraints and, at the same time, the ecological niche in which a given behavioral pattern evolved. This type of ethological assessment may be useful when carrying out toxicological studies on both wild and laboratory mammals.

scholarly journals Laboratory Animal Models for Brucellosis Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teane M. A. Silva ◽  
Erica A. Costa ◽  
Tatiane A. Paixão ◽  
Renée M. Tsolis ◽  
Renato L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Intracellular Pathogen ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
The World

Brucellosis is a chronic infectious disease caused byBrucellaspp., a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry. Human brucellosis is considered the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis in the world and is characterized by fever, weight loss, depression, hepato/splenomegaly, osteoarticular, and genital infections. Relevant aspects ofBrucellapathogenesis have been intensively investigated in culture cells and animal models. The mouse is the animal model more commonly used to study chronic infection caused byBrucella. This model is most frequently used to investigate specific pathogenic factors ofBrucellaspp., to characterize the host immune response, and to evaluate therapeutics and vaccines. Other animal species have been used as models for brucellosis including rats, guinea pigs, and monkeys. This paper discusses the murine and other laboratory animal models for human and animal brucellosis.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mortality Rates in Different Categories of Pigs and Cattle during Transport for Slaughter

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. S109-S116 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Malena ◽  
E. Voslářová ◽  
A. Kozák ◽  
P. Bělobrádek ◽  
I. Bedáňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Travel Distances ◽  
Related Mortality

The death of animals during transport for slaughter is a major factor indicating the level of welfare in transported animals. However, research data that report the level of animal welfare as reflected in transport-related mortality rates of individual animal species and categories are missing. The present study focused on losses of pigs and cattle in the period from 1997 to 2006. Transport-related mortality rates were recorded by species and categories of animals and also for the following travel distances: up to 50 km, 51-100 km, 101-200 km, 201-300 km, and over 300 km. Rates differed according to species and category. The highest mortality rates were found in young sows, sows, and boars (0.2562%) followed by fattened pigs (0.1075%), excluded dairy cows (0.0396%), calves (0.0269%), and fattened cattle (0.0069%). Significant differences were found among mortality rates (p < 0.05). The lowest mortality rates occurred with shorter travel distances (< 50 km and 51-100 km) when compared to long travel distances (101-200 km, 201-300 km and > 300 km), with a significant difference (p < 0.05) between short and long travel distances being found in fattened pigs, fattened cattle and dairy cows. Mortality rates in animals during transport for slaughter show young sows, sows, and boars to be the most susceptible to transport-related stress, followed by fattened pigs, dairy cows, and calves, whereas the highest resistance was observed in fattened cattle.

scholarly journals Causes of stress and conflict in the veterinary professional workplace – a perspective from Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Wojtacka ◽  
Wojciech Grudzień ◽  
Beata Wysok ◽  
Józef Szarek
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Professional Preparation ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Veterinary Practice ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Veterinary Profession ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Professional Workplace ◽  
First Time

Abstract Background The problems of burnout and the moral and ethical distress resulting from various kinds of conflict have been raised in the veterinary profession. However, their sources and inter-relationships have not been thoroughly recognized mainly due to the multidimensional nature of human interactions related to animal breeding, farming, welfare, prophylaxis and therapy. For the first time in Poland, an analysis of conflict and conflict-causing factors in veterinary practice has been conducted with the participation of veterinarians of various specialties and the owners of different animal species. Results Conflict in the course of work is most often experienced by young veterinarians. The problems associated with communication between veterinarians and animal owners and unforeseen random situations are the general causes of conflict. Approved Veterinarians were identified by animal owners as the most common professional group associated with the conflict experienced . Conclusions There is a lack of professional preparation by veterinary surgeons to cope with unpredicted stressful situations at work, resulting from an absence of appropriate educational input in this area. The animal owners do not understand the role and duties of Approved Veterinarians.

Animal Research Pathology: Regulatory and Safety Considerations

ILAR Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
J M Wallace ◽  
R L Trundy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Laboratory Personnel ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Animal Care

Abstract Animal research pathology encompasses a wide array of procedures and may involve work with a variety of animal species and hazards. To protect laboratory personnel and ensure data integrity, pathologists must be familiar with the activities performed in their laboratories and the applicable regulatory and safety requirements. Failure to address issues proactively may result in exposure of personnel to hazardous materials and/or collection of data in a manner that does not conform to animal welfare or quality control standards. This manuscript provides a brief introduction to important animal research pathology regulatory and safety considerations. The importance of close communication between the principal investigator, pathologist, laboratory personnel, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, and institutional safety office/experts is emphasized and a mechanism for improving communication is discussed.

Congress Shrugs at Proposals On Laboratory Animal Welfare

Science ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 136 (3519) ◽  
pp. 863-863
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Laboratory Animal

scholarly journals The ‘R’ principles in laboratory animal experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kook Hyun Lee ◽  
Dong Won Lee ◽  
Byeong Chul Kang
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Moral Duty ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Scientific Status ◽  
Reliable Knowledge ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Three Rs

AbstractSince the Three Rs of replacement, reduction and refinement was proposed by Russel and Birch in 1959, researchers have a moral duty to minimize harm to animals. Even though animal experiments are performed by the Three Rs concept, animal researches which do not comply with international rules and standards are not accepted as well. As animal welfare has been important global issues, the methods to assess animal welfare compromise and distress have been proposed. Humanity is accepted as the goal of the Three Rs, however, another fourth R, ‘Refusal’ of fruitless protocol or ‘Responsibility’ for the experimental animal and social, scientific status of the animal experiments has been proposed. After establishing goals of animal research in a respective society, reliable knowledge can be obtained while improving laboratory animal welfare.

ANIMAL TRAPS - EU AND NATIONAL REGULATIONS WITH SPECIFIC EMPHASIS ON THE AGREEMENT ON INTERNATIONAL NORMS OF HUMANE ANIMAL CAPTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol VIII (z. 2) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Magdalena Micińska
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation

Animal traps have always accompanied man, with whom the primary people organized the first hunts. Along with the development of hunting art, traps gradually gave way to specialized hunting weapons. However, the use of animal traps on a large scale still occurs in countries that are world exporters of fur and skins of wild animals - Canada, Russia and the USA. Driven by expressed in art. 13 TFEU with the principle of animal welfare, the European Union has introduced a number of regulations to ensure humane catches in member countries as well as in third countries exporting skin and fur. The purpose of this article is to analyze the current legal situation in Poland with regard to the implementation of EU legislation on humane trap standards, with particular regard to the obligations contained in the agreement concluded between the European Community, Canada and the Russian Federation on 22 July 1997 - on international humane trapping standards . Keywords - EU, Poland, Russia, Canada, USA, animal welfare, humane animal protection, snare, poaching, animal species protection, hunting, animal traps, hunting, trapping, hunting law.

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