scholarly journals Health monitoring program for the control of laboratory animal diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Romano ◽  
Andrea Cacciamali ◽  
Silvia Dotti ◽  
Riccardo Villa
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Health State ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
3Rs Principle

Pathogens present in the environment are the biggest source of diseases and epidemics in the breeding of laboratory animals. In fact, the presence of microorganisms can critically influence the animal health status and, consequently, the validity and reproducibility of experimental data. In accordance with the 3Rs principle (Refinement, Reduction, Replacement), this study is part of the Refinement concept. The FELASA guidelines, formulated with the aim of guaranteeing the best animal health state, are a valid support for researchers. In this preliminary study, health-monitoring program was carried out within the breeding of laboratory animals in IZSLER facility. The main murine viruses were analyzed through molecular biology techniques (PCR, RT-PCR) and enzyme immunoassays (indirect ELISA). The established surveillance program steadily guarantees animal health and ensures the most controlled environmental and sanitary conditions. Further investigations will be needed to develop virus control strategies.

scholarly journals WEST NILE VIRUS SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM IN SERBIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Tamaš Petrović ◽  
Šekler Milenko ◽  
Dušan Petrić ◽  
Sava Lazić ◽  
Diana Lupulović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Veterinary Service ◽  
The Republic

Serological and virological examination of the presence of human and animal infection caused by West Nile Virus (WNV) as well as the presence of the virus in vectors, which has been conducted during the past few years, confi rmed an active virus circulation in the territory of the Republic of Serbia. Based on the obtained results and anticipated intense circulation of WNV, which poses substantial risks for both public and animal health in Serbia, and having in mind its crucial role in the protection of public health, Veterinary Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection infront the Veterinary Service launched and funded the national WNV monitoring program starting from April 2014. The Program encompassed the entire territory of the Republic of Serbia and was conducted by scientific and specialized veterinary institutes and fi eld veterinary service in close collaboration with qualifi ed entomologists and ornithologists. The principal objective of the monitoring – surveillance program is early detection of WNV in monitored regions, timely reporting of the virus presence and activation of human health service institutions and local authorities aimed at establishing the control measures - eradication of mosquitoes, informing the local community and taking all relevant preventive measures for human health protection. Th e surveillance program of the WNV occurrence and spread is based on direct and indirect surveillance of WNV in natural environment. Indirect surveillance encompasses serological testing of seronegative sentinel horses and poultry for the presence of WNV infection, and it is performing continuously and periodically during the most intensive mosquito activity (May – September). The number of sentinel animals that should be tested was defi ned at the district level, according to the rate of anticipated risk of WNV infection. Direct surveillance was performed through periodical and continuous testing of pooled mosquitoes samples collected at two-week intervals during peak mosquito season (May – September) and samples of wild birds (tissues of dead birds and throat swabs of captured live susceptible bird species). The number of samples was stipulated according to the anticipated risk rate in particular regions.

Performance of severity parameters to detect chemotherapy-induced pain and distress in mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rix ◽  
Natascha Drude ◽  
Anna Mrugalla ◽  
Felix M. Mottaghy ◽  
René H. Tolba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Health State ◽  
Persistent Diarrhoea ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
State Body

According to European Union directive 2010/63/EU a severity classification of experimental procedures performed on laboratory animals is mandatory. This includes a prospective evaluation of all interventions performed within the experiment, as well as an assessment of the actual burden of each animal during the experiment. In this regard, the evaluation and scoring of defined criteria regarding the health state of animals could help to early identify deteriorations in animal health and facilitate the application of humane endpoints. This article discusses the applicability of an adapted score sheet in BALB/cAnNRj mice receiving either cisplatin, doxorubicin or busulfan, three chemotherapeutic agents with different toxicological profiles and longitudinal non-invasive molecular imaging. The health state was investigated by score sheets documenting general state, body weight, spontaneous behaviour and treatment specific parameters (e.g. anaemia, neurotoxicity, persistent diarrhoea). Although blood and serum analyses clearly indicated various organ damage, most scoring parameters except for body weight did not report on the deceasing animal health state. Thus, there is need for more sensitive observational parameters to judge the animal's health state and welfare.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In-cage Filter Paper as a Replacement for Sentinel Mice in the Detection of Murine Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Kathryn A O'Connell ◽  
Gabor J Tigyi ◽  
Robert S Livingston ◽  
Daniel L Johnson ◽  
David J Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Murine Norovirus ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Filter Papers

Recent studies have evaluated alternatives to the use of live animals in colony health monitoring. Currently, an alternative method that is suitable for all rack types and that has been verified to detect the infectious agents most commonly excluded from mouse colonies is unavailable. We compared the use of filter paper placed on the inside floor of mouse cages to the traditional use of sentinel mice in the detection of several prevalent murine pathogens including mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), murine norovirus (MNV), minute virus of mice (MVM), mouse parvovirus (MPV), Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), Helicobacter spp., Syphacia obvelata, and Aspiculuris tetraptera. Experimental groups comprised 7 cages containing either 2 pieces of filter paper on the cage floor or 2 ICR sentinel mice. Soiled bedding from pet-store mice was transferred to the experimental cages weekly for 8 wk. At 1 and 2 mo after bedding transfer, the filter papers were evaluated by PCR and sentinel mice were tested by serology and fecal PCR. Filter papers detected all pathogens as effectively (MHV, MNV, MPV, MVM, TMEV S. obvelata, and A. tetraptera) or more effectively (Helicobacter spp.) than sentinel mice at both time points. Filter papers more readily detected pathogens with a high copy number per RT-PCR analysis than a low copy number. Helicobacter spp. were not detected by sentinel mice at either time point. These results indicate that the use of filter paper placed on the interior floor of empty mouse cages and exposed to soiled bedding is efficient in detecting bacteria, endoparasites, and most of the common mouse viruses included in an animal health monitoring program.

scholarly journals Health Monitoring of Laboratory Rodent Colonies—Talking about (R)evolution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Stephanie Buchheister ◽  
André Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Laboratory Rodents

The health monitoring of laboratory rodents is essential for ensuring animal health and standardization in biomedical research. Progress in housing, gnotobiotic derivation, and hygienic monitoring programs led to enormous improvement of the microbiological quality of laboratory animals. While traditional health monitoring and pathogen detection methods still serve as powerful tools for the diagnostics of common animal diseases, molecular methods develop rapidly and not only improve test sensitivities but also allow high throughput analyses of various sample types. Concurrently, to the progress in pathogen detection and elimination, the research community becomes increasingly aware of the striking influence of microbiome compositions in laboratory animals, affecting disease phenotypes and the scientific value of research data. As repeated re-derivation cycles and strict barrier husbandry of laboratory rodents resulted in a limited diversity of the animals’ gut microbiome, future monitoring approaches will have to reform—aiming at enhancing the validity of animal experiments. This review will recapitulate common health monitoring concepts and, moreover, outline strategies and measures on coping with microbiome variation in order to increase reproducibility, replicability and generalizability.

scholarly journals Detection of pathogens from environmental samples for the evaluation of the health status of laboratory animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Cacciamali ◽  
Chiara Romano ◽  
Martina Angela Checco ◽  
Riccardo Villa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Surveillance ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Animal Housing ◽  
Environmental Material ◽  
3Rs Principle

Pathogens present in the environment are the biggest source of diseases and epidemics in the breeding of laboratory animals. The presence of microorganisms, in fact, can critically influence the animal health status and consequently the validity and reproducibility of experimental data. In accordance with the 3Rs principle, this study fits into the Refinement and Reduction concepts. The development of a health surveillance plan on environmental material from animal housing would have an important impact not only on maintaining an adequate state of health and on the generation of quality experimental data, but also on reducing the number of animals to be sacrificed.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with Ctenocephalides felis flea infestation of peri-urban goats: a neglected parasite in an under-appreciated host

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Rose Dahm ◽  
Jordana Burdon Bailey ◽  
Robert F. Kelly ◽  
Patrick Chikungwa ◽  
Julius Chulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Ctenocephalides Felis ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flea Infestation

AbstractGoats are critical in mixed smallholder agricultural systems in lower and middle-income countries, while fleas are important human and animal health concerns around the world. Convenience sampling was used to describe and consider risk factors for flea infestations of peri-urban goats, with the aim of informing the iterative development of animal husbandry and management based control strategies. Seven hundred and ninety-two goats were examined in 228 households across 10 peri-urban communities surrounding Blantyre in southern Malawi. The prevalence of Ctenocephalides felis fleas was 18.3, 37.1 and 100% at the levels of individual goats, households and communities, respectively, highlighting a neglected human and animal health concern. Constant introduction of new livestock coupled to a lack of biosecurity within communities, the ubiquitous presence of dog and cat hosts for C. felis, the frequency and thoroughness of cleaning overnight goat accommodation, and goat age less than 12 months old were identified as risk factors for flea infestation. This focal cross-sectional study highlights the significance of fleas in peri-urban communities and uncovers trends and commonalities that are needed to inform sustainable disease management. The majority of the peri-urban goat keepers were female, had resided in the same community throughout their whole life and had primary level education. Advice on the planned management of fleas in livestock needs to be tailored towards this demographic group. This approach affords an opportunity to promote public health measures to address household flea infestations and zoonotic disease spread.

scholarly journals 168 The effects of fly control strategies on fly abundance, fly avoidance behaviors, and performance in feedlot bulls and steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 15-16
Author(s):  
Courtney McNeff ◽  
Justin Talley ◽  
Colton A Robison ◽  
Blake K Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Piperonyl Butoxide ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Avoidance Behaviors ◽  
Fly Control

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of fly control strategies on fly abundance, fly avoidance behaviors, and animal performance in a feedlot setting. Angus bulls (n = 64; BW = 281 ± 36.2 kg) and steers (n = 36; BW = 475 ± 40.4 kg) were blocked by sex and BW and assigned to 1 of 4 experimental treatments in a randomized complete block design (7 pens/treatment; 4 bulls/pen; 3 steers/pen). Treatments included: control (CON; no fly control), abamectin, piperonyl butoxide, and zetacypermethrin insecticide tags (FT; Tri-Zap®, Y-Tex Corporation, Cody, WY), permethrin and piperonyl butoxide pour on (PO; Permectrin® CDS, Bayer Animal Health, Shawnee Mission, KS), or a garlic-powder top dress (GR) administered at 0.28 g •-1 animal •-1d. The experiment was conducted between June and September. Horn and stable fly abundance (FA) and fly avoidance behaviors (FAB; i.e. tail-flicks, stomping, head-tossing) were recorded by trained personnel. Both FA and FAB were recorded once/wk on days with similar temperatures, humidity, wind speed, and without precipitation based on Oklahoma Mesonet data (Stillwater site). There was a tendency for a treatment × time interaction for horn FA with differences in treatments occurring at wk 1, 2, 8, and 14. There was no treatment × time interaction for stable FA or FAB, however both were affected by time (P < 0.001). There were no differences in final BW (P = 0.34), overall ADG (P = 0.30), overall DMI (P = 0.53), or overall G:F (P = 0.39). There was a tendency (P ≤ 0.10) for GR to have decreased BW on d 28 and decreased ADG from d 0 to 28 compared to FT and PO. There was also a tendency (P = 0.09) for decreased DMI from d 0 to 56 for GR compared to CON and FT. Overall FA was less than expected (mean = 1 to 17 flies/animal) throughout the experiment and overall animal performance was unaffected by fly control strategy.

In-situ load testing of a WWII era timber Warren truss in the development of a structural health monitoring program

2021 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 112274
Author(s):  
Henry Helmer-Smith ◽  
Nicholas Vlachopoulos ◽  
Marc-André Dagenais ◽  
Bradley Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Structural Health

California National Animal Health Monitoring System for Meat Turkey Flocks: 1988-89 Pilot Study: Management Practices, Flock Health, and Production

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Christiansen ◽  
David W. Hird ◽  
Kurt P. Snipes ◽  
Cyrus Danaye-Elmi ◽  
Charles W. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Monitoring System ◽  
Study Management

The national animal health monitoring system in Colorado beef herds: Disease rates and their associated costs

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Salman ◽  
M.E. King ◽  
T.E. Wittum ◽  
C.R. Curtis ◽  
K.G. Odde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Monitoring System ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Beef Herds
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