scholarly journals Health Monitoring of Laboratory Rodent Colonies—Talking about (R)evolution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1410
Author(s):  
Stephanie Buchheister ◽  
André Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Laboratory Rodents

The health monitoring of laboratory rodents is essential for ensuring animal health and standardization in biomedical research. Progress in housing, gnotobiotic derivation, and hygienic monitoring programs led to enormous improvement of the microbiological quality of laboratory animals. While traditional health monitoring and pathogen detection methods still serve as powerful tools for the diagnostics of common animal diseases, molecular methods develop rapidly and not only improve test sensitivities but also allow high throughput analyses of various sample types. Concurrently, to the progress in pathogen detection and elimination, the research community becomes increasingly aware of the striking influence of microbiome compositions in laboratory animals, affecting disease phenotypes and the scientific value of research data. As repeated re-derivation cycles and strict barrier husbandry of laboratory rodents resulted in a limited diversity of the animals’ gut microbiome, future monitoring approaches will have to reform—aiming at enhancing the validity of animal experiments. This review will recapitulate common health monitoring concepts and, moreover, outline strategies and measures on coping with microbiome variation in order to increase reproducibility, replicability and generalizability.

scholarly journals Microbiological monitoring of laboratory pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Kornerup Hansen ◽  
Helene Farlov ◽  
Peter Bollen
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Rodent Species ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Microbiological Monitoring ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Rats And Mice

Purpose-bred minipigs, are often used as the non-rodent species in toxicology. Infections may interfere with animal experiments, and there are no scientific reasons why the non-rodent species should be of a lower microbiological quality than the rodent species. Therefore, a system for health monitoring of pigs was developed in order to raise the quality of laboratory pigs to the level of laboratory rodents. This system, which includes screening for several viruses, bacteria and ecto- and endoparasites, was used for monitoring minipigs from a barrier unit with the same standards applied to rodents units. In these pigs only rotaviruses are found, which was shown by both serological antibody detection and by detection of rotaviral antigen in faeces. In minipigs from another unit with far less hygienic protection rotaviruses were also found along with certain influenza- and coronaviruses, as well as Pasteurella spp. It is concluded, that it is possible to raise pigs of a microbiological quality comparable to the quality of rats and mice, and that advanced microbiological monitoring in pigs will reveal useful information.

scholarly journals Health monitoring program for the control of laboratory animal diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Romano ◽  
Andrea Cacciamali ◽  
Silvia Dotti ◽  
Riccardo Villa
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Health State ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
3Rs Principle

Pathogens present in the environment are the biggest source of diseases and epidemics in the breeding of laboratory animals. In fact, the presence of microorganisms can critically influence the animal health status and, consequently, the validity and reproducibility of experimental data. In accordance with the 3Rs principle (Refinement, Reduction, Replacement), this study is part of the Refinement concept. The FELASA guidelines, formulated with the aim of guaranteeing the best animal health state, are a valid support for researchers. In this preliminary study, health-monitoring program was carried out within the breeding of laboratory animals in IZSLER facility. The main murine viruses were analyzed through molecular biology techniques (PCR, RT-PCR) and enzyme immunoassays (indirect ELISA). The established surveillance program steadily guarantees animal health and ensures the most controlled environmental and sanitary conditions. Further investigations will be needed to develop virus control strategies.

scholarly journals PCR and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Laboratory Animal Infections and in Health Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-468
Author(s):  
Susan R Compton
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Microbial Status

Molecular diagnostics (PCR and RT-PCR) have become commonplace in laboratory animal research and diagnostics, augmenting or replacing serological and microbiologic methods. This overview will discuss the uses of molecular diagnostics in the diagnosis of pathogenic infections of laboratory animals and in monitoring the microbial status of laboratory animals and their environment. The article will focus primarily on laboratory rodents, although PCR can be used on samples from any laboratory animal species.

Microbiological quality of experimental animal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Asunción Romero Molina
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Present Text

Nowadays, it is unquestionable the importance of the laboratory animal health in research. Improving the microbial quality animal allows to reduce (or eliminate) the negative effects of pathogen agents (not associated with the objective of the study) in the expected experimental results. Health monitoring programs are used as preventive tools in animal facilities, although, in some circumstances many facilities cannot or have problems for establishing appropriate strategies. The present text attempts to bring the reader's interest to the laboratory animal health. A better awareness about this topic will allow a better use of animals in research.

scholarly journals Intestinal organoid-based 2D monolayers mimic physiological and pathophysiological properties of the pig intestine

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256143
Author(s):  
Pascal Hoffmann ◽  
Nadine Schnepel ◽  
Marion Langeheine ◽  
Katrin Künnemann ◽  
Guntram A. Grassl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Chloride Secretion ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Species Specific

Gastrointestinal infectious diseases remain an important issue for human and animal health. Investigations on gastrointestinal infectious diseases are classically performed in laboratory animals leading to the problem that species-specific models are scarcely available, especially when it comes to farm animals. The 3R principles of Russel and Burch were achieved using intestinal organoids of porcine jejunum. These organoids seem to be a promising tool to generate species-specific in vitro models of intestinal epithelium. 3D Organoids were grown in an extracellular matrix and characterized by qPCR. Organoids were also seeded on permeable filter supports in order to generate 2D epithelial monolayers. The organoid-based 2D monolayers were characterized morphologically and were investigated regarding their potential to study physiological transport properties and pathophysiological processes. They showed a monolayer structure containing different cell types. Moreover, their functional activity was demonstrated by their increasing transepithelial electrical resistance over 18 days and by an active glucose transport and chloride secretion. Furthermore, the organoid-based 2D monolayers were also confronted with cholera toxin derived from Vibrio cholerae as a proof of concept. Incubation with cholera toxin led to an increase of short-circuit current indicating an enhanced epithelial chloride secretion, which is a typical characteristic of cholera infections. Taken this together, our model allows the investigation of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms focusing on the small intestine of pigs. This is in line with the 3R principle and allows the reduction of classical animal experiments.

scholarly journals Review of Electrochemical DNA Biosensors for Detecting Food Borne Pathogens

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoyun Wu ◽  
Yunzhe Zhang ◽  
Qian Yang ◽  
Ning Yuan ◽  
Wei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dna Biosensors ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Food Borne

The vital importance of rapid and accurate detection of food borne pathogens has driven the development of biosensor to prevent food borne illness outbreaks. Electrochemical DNA biosensors offer such merits as rapid response, high sensitivity, low cost, and ease of use. This review covers the following three aspects: food borne pathogens and conventional detection methods, the design and fabrication of electrochemical DNA biosensors and several techniques for improving sensitivity of biosensors. We highlight the main bioreceptors and immobilizing methods on sensing interface, electrochemical techniques, electrochemical indicators, nanotechnology, and nucleic acid-based amplification. Finally, in view of the existing shortcomings of electrochemical DNA biosensors in the field of food borne pathogen detection, we also predict and prospect future research focuses from the following five aspects: specific bioreceptors (improving specificity), nanomaterials (enhancing sensitivity), microfluidic chip technology (realizing automate operation), paper-based biosensors (reducing detection cost), and smartphones or other mobile devices (simplifying signal reading devices).

California National Animal Health Monitoring System for Meat Turkey Flocks: 1988-89 Pilot Study: Management Practices, Flock Health, and Production

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Christiansen ◽  
David W. Hird ◽  
Kurt P. Snipes ◽  
Cyrus Danaye-Elmi ◽  
Charles W. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Monitoring System ◽  
Study Management

The national animal health monitoring system in Colorado beef herds: Disease rates and their associated costs

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Salman ◽  
M.E. King ◽  
T.E. Wittum ◽  
C.R. Curtis ◽  
K.G. Odde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Monitoring System ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Beef Herds

scholarly journals Environmental Enrichment of Nonhuman Primates, Dogs and Rabbits Used in Toxicology Studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A.L. Bayne
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Scientific Enterprise ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Animal Care

The increasing emphasis on the provision of environmental enrichment to laboratory animals, vis-à-vis the USDA Animal Welfare Regulations, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NRC 1996), and a potential forthcoming policy from the USDA on the subject, can be difficult to accommodate in a toxicology research environment. A summary will be provided of current requirements and recommendations. Then, strategies for meeting regulatory requirements will be described for non-rodent animals used in toxicology research. These strategies will address methods of both social enrichment, such as pair or group housing, as well as non-social enrichment, such as cage furniture, food enrichments, and toys. In addition, the value of positive interactions with staff (e.g., through training paradigms or socialization programs) will also be discussed. Apparent in the discussion of these strategies will be an overarching recognition of the necessity to avoid introducing confounding variables into the research project and to avoid compromising animal health. The roles of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) and the attending veterinarian in helping scientists balance animal well-being, the scientific enterprise and the regulatory environment will be described.

Neurobiology of premature ejaculation - from animal experiments to evidence- based treatment in humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2034-2034
Author(s):  
M.D. Waldinger
Keyword(s):  
Premature Ejaculation ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Lifelong Premature Ejaculation

In the last two decades an increasing number of sexual behavioral studies in laboratory animals has contributed to a better understanding of the neural basis of ejaculatory functioning. In addition, these studies, which mainly involved male and female Wistar rats, elucidated basic mechanisms that underly the psychopharmacology of SSRI-induced ejaculation delay. Notably, a new animal model for premature and retarded ejaculation has been developed. This model has been shown to be of eminent importance for the investigation of ejaculatory disorders. Moreover, it has been proven useful into the investigation of female rat sexual motivation. Translational research translates findings of animal research into human application. Indeed, objective and systematic psychopharmacological research in men with lifelong premature ejaculation yields a remarkable similarity with data that have been found in animals. Sofar, animal research of premature ejaculation remarkably predicts data in men with lifelong PE, on the condition that clinical human research was performed according to evidence based research principles.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document