scholarly journals Composition data of a large collection of black-appearing Roman glass

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cagno ◽  
Peter Cosyns ◽  
Veerle Van der Linden ◽  
Olivier Schalm ◽  
Andrei Izmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Roman Glass ◽  
Compositional Changes ◽  
Selection Of

Jewels and tableware made of black-appearing glass were popular in the Roman Empire. Compositional changes (due to modifications in glassmaking technology and use of raw materials) over the period considered (1st-5th century AD) have been investigated on a large number of samples originating from various archaeological excavations in Europe, Northern Africa and the Near East. In the course of this work, over 400 samples of Roman glass, the greatest part of them deeply coloured glass fragments, were embedded into acrylic resin and mechanically ground and polished in order to obtain flat surfaces of unaltered glass. The samples were analysed with scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and the quantification was performed by using a standard-less ZAF software. The trace elements contained in a selection of glass samples were determined via laser ablation-inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry. The data collected in this study show that from about 150 AD a change in the black glass production process occurred, involving coloration of raw glass made with iron in the secondary workshops. Furthermore, from the 4th century AD on we can observe a change in the type of raw glass used, while the colouring process was maintained. The main aim of this paper is to provide glass scholars with the analysis results, as reference and comparison for further studies.

scholarly journals Critical raw materials enrichment in bauxite laterite: a case study of diverse parent rock types

2021 ◽  
Vol 882 (1) ◽  
pp. 012024
Author(s):  
R D Nugraheni ◽  
C P Riyandhani ◽  
M Apriniyadi ◽  
D Sunjaya
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Market ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Parent Rocks

Abstract High demand in utilizing the mineral and metal for industrial manufacture, which is unequal to the resources, has caused a vulnerable disruption. To compensate stocks in the global market, exploration of raw materials should be carried out for by-products. This study aims to elucidate the enrichment mechanism of Sc, Ga, and Nb elements from the bauxite weathering profile and sediment residue. An observation has been conducted using petrography, mineragraphy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), x-Ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma combined with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS). The results indicate that bauxite ores (gibbsite) hold the metal compounds of Ga, while some iron minerals of goethite and hematite are present as Sc-bearing minerals, and Nb is highly concentrated within saprolite of bauxite. The maximum enrichment of Ga and Sc is observed from the bauxite sample and sediment residue derived from microdiorite pyroxene, which makes up 24.2 - 42.1 ppm and 39.9 - 55.4 ppm, respectively. By contrast, Nb enriched about nine-fold higher in the saprolite zone relative to bauxite produced by weathering of granitic parent rocks. It suggests that metal concentration in the lateritic products depending immensely on the precursor rock types.

scholarly journals Reception Ferrotungsten from Wolframite Concentrate by Alumimotermic Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Golovchenko ◽  
O.S. Bairakova ◽  
G.I. Ksandopulo ◽  
S.Kh. Aknazarov
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Metal Extraction ◽  
High Melting Point ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Smooth Flow ◽  
Master Alloys ◽  
Warm Additives ◽  
Selection Of

For the smelting ferrotungsten of raw materials (mineral) took us to calculate the charge for each experiment. To optimize the process of obtaining ferrotungsten of wolframite carried out the following activities: to reduce speed and combustion temperature. A change batch positive impact on the development of the combustion process. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of the introduction of aluminium additives in excess of stoichiometry because the explosive burning regime turned into stationary. In this work the charge calculated on 300 g volframite concentrate so that as a result of the aluminotermic reaction in the alloy contained 70% of tungsten. Calculations of charge showed that in the case of the smelting of ferro-alloys and master alloys used in this work and have a high melting point (ferrotungsten, ferromolybdenum, etc.) – temperature process of melting alloy is indispensable for the success of melting. To reduce the speed of combustion and the temperature were conducted experiments on selection of ballast additives which allows you to bring the process to a smooth flow of the reaction. As ballast additives used aluminium oxide. It was found that an increase of more than 20 additives reducing the release of the alloy and metal extraction. Also included experiments on selection of warm additives. Use as a warm additive of ammonium nitrate is not desirable because of the rapid reaction and loss of metal slag. The output and the extraction of metal in the application of potassium and sodium nitrate are the same but in the case of kalievoj nitrate slag can be used as a prolonged potash fertilizer. From the x-ray spectrometer alloys were analyzed.

scholarly journals RECYCLING ROMAN GLASS TO GLAZE PARTHIAN POTTERY

Iraq ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Wood ◽  
Yi-Ting Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Roman Glass ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
Early Islamic

Alkaline glazes were first used on clay-based ceramics in Mesopotamia around 1500 B.C., at the same time as the appearance of glass vessels. The Roman Empire used lead-based glazes, with alkaline natron glass being used only to produce objects of glass. Chemical analysis has had some success determining compositional groups for Roman/Byzantine/early Islamic glasses because of the discovery of major production sites. Parthian and Sasanian glass and glazed wares, however, have been found only in consumption assemblages, which have failed to inform on how they were made. Here we reanalyse compositional data for Parthian and Sasanian glazes and present new analyses for Parthian glazed pottery excavated at the early third century A.D. Roman military outpost of Ain Sinu in northern Iraq. We show that some Parthian glazes are from a different tradition to typical Mesopotamian glazes and have compositions similar to Roman glass. We propose that Roman glass was recycled by Parthian potters, thereby suggesting that as yet undiscovered Mesopotamian glass production centres ordinarily supplied glass for indigenous glazed pottery. Furthermore, if recycling glass to make glazed pottery was extended to indigenous glassware, this may provide an explanation for the paucity of Parthian and Sasanian glass in the archaeological record.

The Use of Tailings as Raw Materials for Glass Making as an Alternative to Environmental Pollution: The Case of Osor, Catalonia, Spain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pura Alfonso ◽  
Oriol Tomasa ◽  
Luis Miguel Domenech ◽  
Maite Garcia-Valles ◽  
Salvador Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting Temperatures

Tailings from the Osor fluorite mines release large amounts of potentially toxic elements into the environment. This work is a proposal to remove these waste materials and use them as a raw material in the manufacture of glass. The chemical composition of the tailings was determined by X-ray fluorescence and the mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. Waste materials have SiO2, Al2O3 and CaO contents suitable for a glass production but Na has to be added, as NaCO3. Two glass formulations, with 80-90% of the residue and 10-20% Na2CO3, have been produced. The crystallization temperatures, obtained by differential thermal analysis, were 875 and 901 °C and the melting temperatures were 1220 and 1215 °C for the G80-20 and G90-10 glasses, respectively. The transition temperature of glass was of 637 and 628 °C. The crystalline phases formed in the thermal treatment to produce devitrification were nepheline, plagioclase and diopside in the G80-20 glass and plagioclase and akermanite-gehlenite in the G90-10 glass. The temperatures for the fixed viscosity points, the working temperatures and the coefficient of expansion were obtained. The chemical stability of the glass was tested, and results indicate that the potentially toxic elements of the tailings were incorporated into the glass structure.

scholarly journals Preparation and Performance of Vanadium Tailings-Reservoir Sediment-Phosphogypsum-Based Foamed Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Cui ◽  
Yanqing Di ◽  
Changlong Wang ◽  
Yongbo Wang ◽  
Suhua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Reservoir Sediment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Mineral Phases ◽  
Foamed Concrete ◽  
And Performance

Foamed concrete (FC) was prepared from raw materials of vanadium tailings (VTs), reservoir sediment (RS), and phosphogypsum (PG). The physicochemical properties of the raw materials were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). The preparation and properties of FC were investigated by particle size analysis and strength test. The hydration products and microstructure of FC were analyzed by XRD and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The results show that when the specific surface area (SSA) of VTs is 768 m2·kg−1 and the content is 40%, the products with a compressive strength of 3.56 MPa and density of 619.1 kg·m−3 meet the requirements of JG/T 266-2011 standard on FC of grades A06 and C3.0; the main mineral phases in the products are calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, ettringite (AFt), and calcite, as well as the residual mineral phases after the system reaction include quartz, orthoclase, mullite, pyrite, and PG.

Sorption of Se (IV) from aqueous solutions with subsequent determination by X-ray fluorescence analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
D. G. Filatova ◽  
A. A. Arkhipenko ◽  
M. A. Statkus ◽  
V. V. Es’kina ◽  
V. B. Baranovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Phase Contact Time ◽  
Sorbent Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Subsequent Determination

An approach to sorptive separation of Se (IV) from solutions on a novel S,N-containing sorbent with subsequent determination of the analyte in the sorbent phase by micro-x-ray fluorescence method is presented. The sorbent copolymethylenesulfide-N-alkyl-methylenamine (CMA) was synthesized using «snake in the cage» procedure and proven to be stable in acid solutions. Conditions for quantitative extraction of Se (IV) were determined: sorption in 5 M HCl or 0.05 M HNO3 solutions when heated to 60°C, phase contact time being 1 h. The residual selenium content in the solution was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using 82Se isotope. The absence of selenium losses is proved and the mechanism of sorption interaction under specified conditions is proposed. The method of micro-x-ray fluorescence analysis (micro-RFA) with mapping revealed a uniform distribution of selenium on the sorbent surface. The possibility of determining selenium in the sorbent phase by micro-RFA is shown. When comparing the obtained results with the results of calculations by the method of fundamental parameters, it is shown the necessity of using standard samples of sorbates to obtain correct results of RFA determination of selenium in the sorbent phase.

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