scholarly journals An insight into tumoral hypoxia: the radiomarkers and clinical applications

10.4081/73 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Abrantes ◽  
Maria Elisa Serra ◽  
Dina Murtinho ◽  
Antonio Rocha Gonsalves ◽  
Maria Filomena Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Tumoral Hypoxia

An insight into tumoral hypoxia: the radiomarkers and clinical applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Abrantes ◽  
Maria Elisa Serra ◽  
Dina Murtinho ◽  
António Rocha Gonsalves ◽  
Maria Filomena Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Tumoral Hypoxia

APATITIC NANOPOWDERS AND COATINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAVINDER PAL SINGH ◽  
UMA BATRA
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Metallic Substrates ◽  
Surface Modification Techniques ◽  
Dental Applications ◽  
Insight Into

The use of artificial biomaterials has been acclaiming potential therapeutic scope in diverse clinical applications. This review started with the description of the basics of biomaterials, and desirable properties, which are the prerequisites to understand biomaterials. The orthopedic biomaterials, their classification and the importance of calcium phosphate (CaP) materials for hard-tissue applications were utterly discussed. Furthermore, among the various CaP biominerals, the importance of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and its synthesis techniques was comprehensively reviewed. The sol–gel route for the synthesis of HAP nanoparticles and deposition of coatings were systematically studied. Among the metallic substrates, Ti6Al4V alloy remained the focus of this study. Moreover, several film pre-preparation methods were also given due importance. The importance of other surface modification techniques, especially in the context of Ti6Al4V substrates, was also discussed. Among several coating techniques to deposit CaP coatings, special attention was paid to the spin and dip coating techniques. In addition to monolithic HAP coatings, reinforced and antimicrobial HAP coatings were also reviewed from broad perspectives. Therefore, this review provides an in-depth insight into the preparation and properties of apatitic nanoparticles and their coatings for orthopedic and dental applications.

Are probiotics an appropriate treatment option for all women?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-303
Author(s):  
N.C. Rubas
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Insight Into

The recently published article by P. Tsimaris et al. (2019) gave great prospective insight into non-traditional clinical applications of probiotic use as alternative and/or complementary therapeutics to traditional antibiotics for treatment of vulvovaginitis. However, these findings are too broad to be generalised as a treatment option for all women. The study design includes a cohort of Caucasian women and does not represent women of other ethnic groups.

scholarly journals A Review and Clinical Understanding of Tenofovir: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate versus Tenofovir Alafenamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 232595822091923
Author(s):  
Chanie Wassner ◽  
Nicole Bradley ◽  
Yuman Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Chronic Medical Condition ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Hiv Resistance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tenofovir Alafenamide ◽  
Insight Into

HIV is a serious chronic medical condition. Significant improvements in antiretroviral therapy have led to a transformation in its management. No curative treatment is available for HIV, and lifelong therapy is required with a combination of agents to control viral replication and prevent complications. Some of the older agents are notorious for many side effects, making patient compliance difficult, which is critical to preventing HIV resistance. Tenofovir is one of the newer, more tolerable, nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors on the market; is a mainstay of many antiretroviral therapy combinations; and is now available in 2 different formulations, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and, the more recent, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). These 2 formulations have very different pharmacokinetics, which seem to affect their efficacy and safety. This manuscript provides insight into the history of TDF and TAF development, their unique pharmacokinetics and pharmacology, clinically important adverse effects, monitoring, interactions, resistance, review of clinical studies, and guideline recommendations and clinical applications for tenofovir’s various indications.

scholarly journals Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists: A Review of Current Clinical Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Giovannitti ◽  
Sean M. Thoms ◽  
James J. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Panic Disorders ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Cigarette Craving ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The α-2 adrenergic receptor agonists have been used for decades to treat common medical conditions such as hypertension; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; various pain and panic disorders; symptoms of opioid, benzodiazepine, and alcohol withdrawal; and cigarette craving.1 However, in more recent years, these drugs have been used as adjuncts for sedation and to reduce anesthetic requirements. This review will provide an historical perspective of this drug class, an understanding of pharmacological mechanisms, and an insight into current applications in clinical anesthesiology.

scholarly journals Commentary on the Recent FSH Collection: Known Knowns and Known Unknowns

Endocrinology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Djurdjica Coss
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Known Unknowns ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Abstract Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a dimeric glycoprotein secreted by the anterior pituitary gonadotrope that is necessary for reproductive function in mammals. FSH primarily regulates granulosa cells and follicular growth in females, and Sertoli cell function in males. Since its identification in the 1930s and sequencing in the 1970s, significant progress has been made in elucidating its regulation and downstream function. Recent advances provide deeper insight into FSH synthesis, and effects in the gonads suggest potential roles in extragonadal tissues and examine pharmacological approaches and clinical applications in infertility treatment that now affect 18% of couples. These advances were discussed in detail in a number of reviews published in the last 2 years in Endocrinology. In this brief commentary, we summarize these reviews and point to the outstanding questions that should be answered in the near future to bridge a gap in our understanding of this hormone.

ISOZYMES: A NEW CHAPTER IN MOLECULAR DIVERSITY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
HAROLD M. NITOWSKY
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Biochemical Evolution ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Insight Into

ONE of the first demonstrations of human diversity at the molecular level was the observation that sickle cell hemoglobin moves more slowly in an electrophoretic field than does normal hemoglobin. In recent years, a qualitatively similar type of molecular diversity has been recognized in which multiple forms of an enzyme with the same substrate specificity may exist in a single tissue or even in the same cell. The terms "isozyme" or "isoenzyme" have been applied to this form of enzyme heterogeneity. Studies of this phenomenon have provided new insight into the nature of enzymes and enzyme action, and have also suggested both a basis for biochemical heterogeneity as well as some mechanisms for metabolic regulation and biochemical evolution in the tissues of complex multicellular organisms. In addition, these studies have shown that isozymes may have important clinical applications.

scholarly journals Allometric scaling models: history, use, and misuse in translating resveratrol from basic science to human clinical applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Smoliga ◽  
Otis L. Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Dose Selection ◽  
Allometric Models ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Determination of the first-in-human and pharmacologically active dosage for drugs and nutraceutical compounds is a critical step in study design and product development.  Allometric scaling is a form of mathematic modeling commonly used to convert dosages between species.  While allometric scaling allows for quick and straightforward conversions between species, it is often misunderstood and misused in translational clinical applications.  This is readily demonstrated in the case of resveratrol – a polyphenol which is found in red wine.  In the past decade, a considerable amount of research has emerged regarding the health benefits of the resveratrol supplementation.  Although data from rodent models suggests that resveratrol can have major effects on cardiometabolic and neurologic health, human clinical trials have had mixed results.  While some human clinical trials have yielded encouraging results, a few noteworthy trials have reported that seemingly appropriate allometry-derived dosages of resveratrol did not provide the expected health benefits reported in animal models.Here, we discuss the history of various models within allometry, including their advantages, disadvantages, and nuances from a clinical perspective.  This historical information will provide some insight into why dosages recommended from allometric scaling are appropriate in some circumstances and inappropriate in others.  We will then demonstrate how allometric models have been utilized to translate dosages of resveratrol from rodent models into the dosages recommended for human clinical trials.  Pharmacokinetic data from various human clinical trials will be summarized and compared to data predicted from allometric models.  Data from selected human clinical trials will then synthesized to demonstrate the dosage-dependent effects of resveratrol, and provide further insight into the appropriate use of allometric models for selecting resveratrol dosage.  Together, this information will promote a greater understanding of the role of allometric scaling in dose selection and provide an explanation for some of the apparent inconsistencies in translational research regarding resveratrol.Keywords: allometric scaling, dose conversion, bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, resveratrol

scholarly journals Novel insight into MALAT-1 in cancer: Therapeutic targets and clinical applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1621-1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANYANG REN ◽  
HUIYING LI ◽  
RENQIU LI ◽  
JIANMING SUN ◽  
PIN GUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Insight Into
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