scholarly journals The Merit in Performance Pay: How Changing Teacher Compensation Can Increase the Supply of Quality Educators

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Pellerin
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Teacher Compensation ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
Teacher Salaries ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
High Need Schools ◽  
The Impact

There is no question that classrooms in US public schools do not function without an adult responsible for facilitating student learning. There is less agreement, however, regarding what constitutes quality instruction or what credentials an instructor should have in order to be considered a certified teacher. Low enrollment in teacher preparation programs combined with increasing teacher turnover rates have created a shortage of quality educators in districts across the country for high-need schools and subject areas. Educators, labor activists, and politicians have called for teacher compensation reform as a way to increase the teacher retention rate. This article summarizes research on the impact of individual and group incentive pay schemes on student achievement, reviews alternative financial incentives to retain exceptional educators, and evaluates policy proposals to improve teacher salaries from current and former 2020 presidential candidates.

The Impact of School-Based Financial Incentives on Teachers’ Strategic Moves: A Descriptive Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor S. Fulbeck ◽  
Meredith P. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Teacher Turnover ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Teacher Mobility ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
School Based ◽  
The Impact

Background Prior research has found that teacher dissatisfaction with low salaries is one reason for teacher turnover. Accordingly, policy makers have championed financial incentives as a way of increasing teachers’ job satisfaction and making the teaching profession and specific schools more attractive to current and potential teachers. Despite the enthusiasm for such incentive policies, empirical evidence of their effects on teacher mobility is mixed. Purpose In this study, we contribute to the extant literature on teacher financial incentives by shifting focus from the probability of teacher turnover to investigate how incentives, particularly school-based incentives, structure teachers’ patterns of mobility within districts. We explore the effects of financial incentives on teacher mobility patterns in the context of Denver's Professional Compensation System for Teachers (“ProComp”), one of the most prominent alternative teacher compensation reforms in the nation. Setting Denver Public Schools, Denver, Colorado. Population Denver Public Schools classroom teachers employed in the district any time during 2006–2010, who were eligible to participate in the financial incentive program (regardless of whether they did), and who made at least one voluntary within-district move during the study period (n = 989). Program Since 2006, Denver's ProComp program has offered teachers a variety of school-based and individual financial incentives. Specifically, in addition to incentives offered to teachers for their individual accomplishments, ProComp provides incentives of over $2,400 each for teachers that teach in top performing schools, high growth schools, and hard-to-serve schools. Because ProComp offers substantial incentives to teachers on the basis of school characteristics, it holds the potential to incentivize “strategic moves” to schools with more school-based incentives. Research Design The study employs a descriptive statistical research design. Data Collection and Analysis We use Denver Public Schools administrative data from 2005–2006 to 2009–2010 to estimate a series of conditional logit models predicting teachers’ moves as a function of their ProComp participation and the value of school-based incentives at the schools they leave and the schools they could potentially transfer to. Findings Our findings suggest ProComp participants tend to make more strategic moves to high value schools than their non-ProComp peers. However, these moves tend to be to schools that have high performance and growth in achievement, rather than to schools that receive incentives for serving low-income populations. Conclusions Results suggest that school-based ProComp incentives do influence strategic moves, albeit in ways not necessarily consistent with the program's intent, calling into question the ability of ProComp to attract teachers to low-income schools under its current structure.

scholarly journals Preparing Educational Leaders for 21st Century Inclusive School Communities: Transforming University Preparation Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Kristine J. Melloy
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
General Education ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Preparation Programs ◽  
School Communities ◽  
Inclusive School ◽  
The Impact

University educational leadership preparation programs whose mission is to prepare Transitional Kindergarten through 12th grade (TK-12) school administrators need to transform their curriculum so that all leaders (not just special education leaders) have the knowledge and skills to create inclusive school communities that truly include all students. Evidence suggests that even though there are policies, laws, recommendations and an empirical base that supports inclusive education for students with disabilities, equity, achievement and opportunity gaps remain in our nation’s public schools. The purpose of this conceptual study is to provide a look at redesigned preparation programs built on professional standards changes, evidencebased practices, and practice-based evidence correlated with inclusive school communities. Transformed preparation programs prepare educational leaders who lead inclusive school communities in closing the gaps for students with disabilities, considering that 100% of the students spend 80% or more of their day in general education classrooms. The impact for students with disabilities is that they experience equity, social justice and their civil rights for education in inclusive school communities where all benefit.

The Impact of Financial Incentives on Crowdsourced Delivery

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqian Xu ◽  
Baile Lu ◽  
Hongyan Dai ◽  
Weihua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
The Impact

American Dream and Public Schools

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Hochschild ◽  
Nathan Scovronick
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Ability Grouping ◽  
American Dream ◽  
School Funding ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
Individual Success ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apparent Conflict

Why is education policy so contentious? Do conflicts over specific issues in schooling have anything in common? Are there general principles that can help us resolve these disputes? In this book the authors find the source of many debates over schooling in the multiple goals and internal contradictions of the national ideology we call the American dream. They also propose a framework for helping Americans get past acrimonious debates in order to help all children learn. The American Dream and the Public Schools examines issues that have excited and divided Americans for years, including desegregation, school funding, testing, vouchers, bilingual education, multicultural education, and ability grouping. These seem to be separate problems, but much of the contention over them comes down to the same thing--an apparent conflict, rooted in the American dream, between policies designed to promote each student's ability to pursue success and those designed to insure the good of all students or the nation as a whole. The authors show how policies to promote individual success too often benefit only those already privileged by race or class, and too often conflict, unnecessarily, with policies that are intended to benefit everyone. The book also examines issues such as creationism and Afrocentrism, where the disputes lie between those who attack the validity of the American dream and those who believe that such a challenge has no place in the public schools. At the end of the book, the authors examine the impact of our nation's rapid racial and ethnic transformation on the pursuit of all of these goals, and they propose ways to make public education work better to help all children succeed and become the citizens we need.

Textual Transformations

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Book History ◽  
John Dryden ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lucy Hutchinson ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Impact

This collection of twelve original essays by an international team of eminent scholars in the field of book history explores the many ways in which early modern books were subject to reworking, re-presentation, revision and reinterpretation. Their history is often the history of multiple, sometimes competing, agencies as their texts were re-packaged, redirected and transformed in ways that their original authors might hardly recognize. The essays discuss the processes of editing, revision, redaction, selection, abridgement, glossing, disputation, translation and posthumous publication that resulted in a textual elasticity and mobility that could dissolve distinctions between text and paratexts, textuality and intertextuality, manuscript and print, author and reader or editor, such that title and author’s name are no longer sufficient pointers to a book’s identity or contents. The essays are alive to the impact of commercial and technological aspects of book production and distribution (discussing, for example, the career of the pre-eminent bookseller John Nourse, the market appeal of abridgements, and the financial incentives to posthumous publication), but their interest is also in the many additional forms of agency that shaped texts and their meanings as books were repurposed to articulate, and respond to, a variety of cultural and individual needs. They engage with early modern religious, political, philosophical and scholarly trends and debates as they discuss a wide range of genres and kinds of publication (including fictional and non-fictional prose, verse miscellanies, abridgements, sermons, religious controversy) and of authors and booksellers (including Lucy Hutchinson, Richard Baxter, Thomas Burnet, Elizabeth Rowe, John Dryden, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lucy Hutchinson, Henry Maundrell, John Nourse; Jonathan Swift, Samuel Richardson, John Tillotson, Isaac Watts and John Wesley).

scholarly journals Investigating the Effective Factors on Family Physicians’ prescriptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ghanbarzadegan ◽  
Z Kavosi ◽  
S Karimi ◽  
M Peyravi ◽  
A Ghorbanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The physicians are responsible for prescribing medicine rationally. Physician's awareness of prescribing guidelines can lead to the selection of the most effective, appropriate and effective measures to the improved prescription. This study aim is to determine the factors influencing drug prescribing behaviour in family physicians. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016 on a case study including 150 family physicians from Shiraz City who were selected by systematic random sampling method. A questionnaire related to the behaviour of prescribing physicians was used based on the theory of planned behaviour to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts' opinion and its reliability was confirmed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM) by SPSS and Smart PLS software. Results It was specified that 39.3% of Shiraz family physicians have prescribed medicines for their most patients (61-70%) during the last month. Furthermore, 60% of physicians have prescribed for about 20% of their patients without any examination. In addition, 63% of doctors have repeated prescription for about 20% of patients with chronic disease. Based on the obtained results of the Research Structural Equation Model, none of the four considered variables explains changes in physicians' behaviour regarding prescribing. Although, “mental and perceived behavioural control” explain 30.2% of the changes in the intention of prescribing medication of family physicians in Shiraz. Conclusions The family physicians' behaviour in prescribing medicine shows the impact of factors such as the patient's request, as well as the role of the patients and colleagues pressure for prescribing medicine as a quality criterion for their practice. norms of mental and perceived behavioural control are effective in explaining the purpose of prescribing. Key messages Policymakers should implement policies to develop physicians’ behavior and logical prescription by education, financial incentives; consequently. Mental and perceived behavioral control are effective in explaining the purpose of prescribing.

scholarly journals Evaluating medical education regulation changes in Brazil: workforce impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Medeiros Figueiredo ◽  
Danette Waller McKinley ◽  
Adriano Massuda ◽  
George Dantas Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Unified Health System ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Shortages and inequitable distribution of physicians is an obstacle to move towards Universal Health Coverage, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. In Brazil, expansion of medical school enrollment, curricula changes and recruitment programs were established to increase the number of physicians in underserved areas. This study seeks to analyze the impact of these measures in reduce inequities in access to medical education and physicians’ distribution. Methods This is an observational study that analyzes changes in the number of undergraduate medical places and number of physicians per inhabitants in different areas in Brazil between the years 2010 and 2018. Data regarding the number of undergraduate medical places, number and the practice location of physicians were obtained in public databases. Municipalities with less than 20,000 inhabitants were considered underserved areas. Data regarding access to antenatal visits were analyzed as a proxy for impact in access to healthcare. Results From 2010 to 2018, 19,519 new medical undergraduate places were created which represents an increase of 120.2%. The increase in the number of physicians engaged in the workforce throughout the period was 113,702 physicians, 74,771 of these physicians in the Unified Health System. The greatest increase in the physicians per 1000 inhabitants ratio in the municipalities with the smallest population, the lowest Gross Domestic Product per capita and in those located in the states with the lowest concentration of physicians occurred in the 2013–2015 period. Increase in physician supply improved access to antenatal care. Conclusions There was an expansion in the number of undergraduate medical places and medical workforce in all groups of municipalities assessed in Brazil. Medical undergraduate places expansion in the federal public schools was more efficient to reduce regional inequities in access to medical education than private sector expansion. The recruitment component of More Doctors for Brazil Program demonstrated effectiveness to increase the number of physicians in underserved areas. Our results indicate the importance of public policies to face inequities in access to medical education and physician shortages and the necessity of continuous assessment during the period of implementation, especially in the context of political and economic changes.

scholarly journals A Threat of Customer Incivility and Job Stress to Hotel Employee Retention: Do Supervisor and Co-Worker Supports Reduce Turnover Rates?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6616
Author(s):  
Hyunah Chung ◽  
Wei Quan ◽  
Bonhak Koo ◽  
Antonio Ariza-Montes ◽  
Alejandro Vega-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Stress ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Supervisor Support ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Frontline Employees ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Perceived Supervisor Support ◽  
The Impact

The study investigates the impact of customer incivility, job stress, perceived supervisor support, and perceived co-worker support on the turnover intention of frontline employees. A survey-questionnaire approach was used to collect the point of view of frontline employees that work in five-star hotels in a metropolitan city of Korea. Four independent variables that were extracted from valid theoretical backgrounds along with four demographic variables were used in the study. The regression analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses, which revealed that job stress directly affected the employees’ desires to leave their organization. It also showed that perceived supervisor support mitigates employee turnover, and there were significant correlations between turnover intention with the employees’ marital status and job position. Gender and years of service did not affect the employees’ thinking of quitting their job. Our findings help hotel entrepreneurs better understand how to deal with customer incivility and employee job stress, and better comprehend the factors that minimize employees’ negative behaviors for the organization.

scholarly journals POS0642 THE IMPACT OF AGE ON DISCONTINUATION OF BIOLOGIC DMARDs IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 559.2-560
Author(s):  
V. Rivera Teran ◽  
S. Sicsik ◽  
D. Vega-Morales ◽  
F. Irazoque-Palazuelos ◽  
D. Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Discontinuation Rate ◽  
Biologic Dmards ◽  
Conventional Dmards ◽  
The Impact

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common autoimmune disease. Older patients treated with biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) are at a significantly greater risk of adverse effects (AEs) [1]. However, the rate of drug discontinuation because of adverse effects caused by bDMARDs has not differed in elderly compared to younger patients in different registries.Objectives:Determine if drug discontinuation of bDMARDs differs by age in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the Mexican Adverse Events Registry (BIOBADAMEX).Methods:BIOBADAMEX is a Mexican ongoing cohort of patients using bDMARDs since 2016. In this analysis we included all patients with diagnosis of RA with at least two assessments. Survival on bDMARDs was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Predictors of discontinuation, including age older than median age in the sample were investigated by Cox regression analyses.Results:Among 743 patients in the registry, 497 had RA diagnosis, from which, 214 had at least two assessments. At baseline, patients had a median (IQR) age of 53.4 (45-61) years old, median disease duration of 10.7 (6-17) months and median DAS28 of 4.7 (3-6). Conventional DMARDS were used by 185 (87%) patients and 94 (44%) patients used corticosteroids. Comorbidities were present in 194 (91%). The most common bDMARDs received at baseline were abatacept 59 (27%), tocilizumab 45(21%), adalimumab 31 (15%) and certolizumab 30 (14%). At the time of analysis, the median bDMARDs treatment duration was 21.0(13-34) months, 128 (59%) had discontinued treatment, 66 for inefficacy, 32 for adverse events and 30 for others. Fig 1 shows discontinuation rate curves in patients younger and older than median age. Cox proportional-hazards demonstrated no significant differences regarding age older than median age (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8-1.4, p=0.7), female sex (HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.7-1.9, p=0.44), use of corticosteroids (HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.6, p=0.20), comorbidities (HR 0.9, 95% 0.6-1.5, p=0.78), DAS28 (HR 0.9, 95% 0.9-1.1, p=0.93) or other factors.Figure 1.Discontinuation rate curves in patients younger and older than median age (< 53.4 and >=53.4 years old)Conclusion:This analysis did not show a role of age on discontinuation of bDMARDs in Mexican RA patients. Further longitudinal analyses will be performed including more patients to assess retention rate of bDMARDs and identify predictive variables of discontinuation in Mexican population.References:[1]Akter R, et al. Can Geriatr J. 2020 May 1;23(2):184-189.[2]Ikari Y, et al. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Dec 24;99(52):e23861.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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