Impact of Grain Structure and Material Properties on Via Extrusion in 3-D Interconnects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 000008-000012
Author(s):  
Tengfei Jiang ◽  
Chenglin Wu ◽  
Jay Im ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Paul S. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Silicon Vias ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, the effects of Cu microstructure on the mechanical properties and extrusion of though-silicon vias (TSVs) were studied based on two types of TSVs with different microstructure. A direct correlation was found between the grain size and the mechanical properties of the vias. Both an analytical model and FEA were used to establish the relationship between the mechanical properties and via extrusion. The effect of via/Si interface on extrusion was also studied by FEA. The results suggest small and uniform grains in the Cu vias, as well as stronger interfaces between the via and Si led to smaller via extrusion, and are thus preferable for reduced via extrusion failure and improved TSV reliability.

Impact of Grain Structure and Material Properties on Via Extrusion in 3D Interconnects

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengfei Jiang ◽  
Chenglin Wu ◽  
Jay Im ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Paul S. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Silicon Vias ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, the effects of Cu microstructure on the mechanical properties and extrusion of through-silicon vias (TSVs) were studied based on two types of TSVs with different microstructure. A direct correlation was found between the grain size and the mechanical properties of the vias. Both an analytical model and finite element analysis (FEA) were used to establish the relationship between the mechanical properties and via extrusion. The effect of via/Si interface on extrusion was also studied by FEA. The results suggest small and uniform grains in the Cu vias, as well as stronger interfaces between the via and Si led to smaller via extrusion, and are thus preferable for reduced via extrusion failure and improved TSV reliability.

Surface Modification and its Influence on the Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Nickel Based Superalloy René 77 / Modyfikacja Powierzchniowa Oraz Jej Wpływ Na Mikrostrukture I Wytrzymałosc Na Pełzanie Odlewów Z Nadstopu Niklu Ren´E 77

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zielinska ◽  
J. Sieniawski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Cobalt Aluminate ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy ◽  
Average Grain Size

Superalloy René 77 is very wide used for turbine blades, turbine disks of aircraft engines which work up to 1050°C. These elements are generally produced by the investment casting method. Turbine blades produced by conventional precision casting methods have coarse and inhomogeneous grain structure. Such a material often does not fulfil basic requirements, which concern mechanical properties for the stuff used in aeronautical engineering. The incorporation of controlled grain size improved mechanical properties. This control of grain size in the casting operation was accomplished by the control of processing parameters such as casting temperature, mould preheating temperature, and the use of grain nucleates in the face of the mould. For nickel and cobalt based superalloys, it was found that cobalt aluminate (CoAl2O4) has the best nucleating effect. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of the inoculant’s content (cobalt aluminate) in the surface layer of the ceramic mould on the microstructure and mechanical properties at high temperature of nickel based superalloy René 77. For this purpose, the ceramic moulds were made with different concentration of cobalt aluminate in the primary slurry was from 0 to 10% mass. in zirconium flour. Stepped and cylindrical samples were casted for microstructure and mechanical examinations. The average grain size of the matrix ( phase), was determined on the stepped samples. The influence of surface modification on the grain size of up to section thickness was considered. The microstructure investigations with the use of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) enable to examine the influence of the surface modification on the morphology of ’ phase and carbides precipitations. Verification of the influence of CoAl2O4 on the mechanical properties of castings were investigated on the basis of results obtained form creep tests.

Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Ceramics by Relative Methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2406-2410
Author(s):  
Yi Wang Bao ◽  
Xiao Xue Bu ◽  
Yan Chun Zhou ◽  
Li Zhong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Relative Method ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Theoretic Analysis ◽  
Surface Strength ◽  
Indirect Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

A relative method, defined as indirect approach to evaluate the material properties via the relationship between unknown properties and a known property, is proposed to estimate some properties that could not be measured by the traditional methods for ceramics. Experiments and theoretic analysis based on the relative method were carried out in this study to estimate the properties in following aspects: determining the temperature dependence of elastic modulus of some machineable ceramics by comparing the deflections; obtaining the modulus and strength of ceramic coatings supported by substrates, from the variation in properties of the rectangular beam samples before and after coating; estimating the residual stresses in tempered glass by comparing the change in the surface strength after strengthening.

Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on Grain Size, Texture and Mechanical Properties of Pure Magnesium

2020 ◽  
Vol 985 ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Mouhamadou Moustapha Sarr ◽  
Motohiro Yuasa ◽  
Hiroyuki Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Pure Magnesium ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Misorientation Distribution ◽  
Processed Material ◽  
Texture Characterization

This study aims to investigate the effect of processing routes (A and Bc) and temperature on microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of pure magnesium was studied in this research. An extruded pure magnesium (~99,9 %) was subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) by ECAP. Deformation was conducted at 523K and 473K and two different processing routes (A and Bc) were used to control the texture. The microstructure and texture characterization of the pressed materials were carried out. It was found that the microstructure displayed a bimodal grain structure after two passes and then became homogeneous after four passes following both routes A and Bc. The misorientation distribution was examined and the results revealed that the fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGB) was higher at temperature 473K. The texture was randomized following route Bc whereas it became strengthened in route A after four passes. According to the Hall-Petch (HP) relationship, the yield stress of polycrystalline metals increases with a decrease in grain size. In this study, a positive slope k was achieved in the strengthened texture while a negative one was obtained in the softened texture. The ductility of ECAP processed material was considerably improved (from 23% to 38%) without sacrificing the yield stress by route Bc at 423K.

Pressureless Sintering the Al2O3/SiC Nanocomposites in Deoxidized Atmosphere

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1093-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhen Peng ◽  
Shu Cai ◽  
Yan Wei Wang ◽  
Hou Zheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Investigation ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pressureless Sintering ◽  
Dispersion Phase ◽  
Temperature Fracture ◽  
General Material

Many significant improvements have been shown in mechanical properties of ceramic nanocomposites with ceramic matrix being dispersed with second sub-micro sized (or nano-sized) phase. This study designed and fabricated Al2O3/SiC nanocomposites with a raw material used for 85% alumina as matrix and SiC grits in submicro-scale as dispersion phase via a controlled pressureless sintering in air. With coarse SiC powder as bed powder, both C and SiC powder making deoxidized atmosphere, 85Al2O3/SiC nanocomposites with different SiC contents were densified by pressureless sintering at low temperature. Fracture surface investigation indicated that dense nanocomposites with small grain size were produced. General material properties and microstructure were measured and characterized. The results showed that composites sintered in deoxidized atmosphere had better mechanical properties than those sintered in flowing argon.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Carbon Steel (St 35)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Jenan Mohammed Nagie
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water Media ◽  
The Relationship

This paper is aimed to study the effect of cooling rate on mechanical properties of Steel 35. Specimens prepared to apply tensile, torsion, impact and hardness tests.Many prepared specimens heat treated at (850ºC) for one hour and subsequently were cooled by three different media [Water-Air-furnace] to show the effect of Medias cooling rate on mechanical properties. Microstructures of all specimens examined before and after heat treatment by an optical microscopy.To figure the phases obtained after heat treatment and its effect on the mechanical properties Experimental results have shown that the microstructure of steel can be changed and significantly improved by varying line cooling rate thus, improving one property will effect on the others because of the relationship between all properties.In water media tensile, torsion and hardness improved while impact results reduced. Air media contributed in improving most of the mechanical properties because of grain size homogeneity. At furnace media ductility and impact improved

The Effect of Grain Size Distribution on the Mechanical Properties of Nanometals

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Tengen ◽  
Tomasz Wejrzanowski ◽  
R. Iwankiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Jan Kurzydlowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Flow Stress ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Size Dispersion ◽  
The Relationship

Predicting the properties of a material from knowledge of the internal microstructures is attracting significant interest in the fields of materials design and engineering. The most commonly used expression, known as Hall-Petch Relationship (HPR), reports on the relationship between the flow stress and the average grain size. However, there is much evidence that other statistical information that the grain size distribution in materials may have significant impact on the mechanical properties. These could even be more pronounced in the case of grains of the nanometer size, where the HPR is no longer valid and the Reverse-HPR is more applicable. This paper proposes a statistical model for the relationship between flow stress and grain size distribution. The model considered different deformation mechanisms and was used to predict mechanical properties of aluminium and copper. The results obtained with the model shows that the dispersion of grain size distribution plays an important role in the design of desirable mechanical properties. In particular, it was found that that the dependence of a material’s mechanical properties on grain size dispersion also follows the HPR to Inverse-HPR type of behaviour. The results also show that copper is more sensitive to changes in grain size distribution than aluminium.

Novel Grain Refiner for Hypo- and Hyper-Eutectic Al-Si Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Nowak ◽  
Nadendla Hari Babu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Grain Refiner ◽  
Silicon Alloys ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Cooling Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Master Alloys

A novel effective grain refiner for hypo and hyper-eutectic Aluminium-Silicon alloys has been developed. The composition of the grain refiner has been optimized to produce a fine grain structure and finer eutectic. Effectiveness of grain size under various cooling conditions has also been investigated to simulate various practical casting conditions. For comparative purposes, a wide range of Al alloys have been produced with the addition of commercially available Al-5Ti-B master alloys. The results show that the addition of novel grain refiner reduces the grain size significantly. As a result of fine grains, the porosity in the solidified alloys is remarkably lower. A notable improvement in mechanical properties has also been observed.

Experimental Research on Ultrasound Cast-Rolling Lead Alloy Strip

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 181-186
Author(s):  
Jian Ping Li ◽  
Li Bang Zeng ◽  
Da Heng Mao ◽  
Hong Feng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Acoustic Streaming ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Alloy Strip ◽  
Lead Alloy ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lead Alloys ◽  
Better Than

With the ultrasound was put into the experiment of cast-rolling lead alloy strip, it broke the dendrite structures and enhanced the under-cooling by the effect of cavity and acoustic streaming. The microstructure comparison of ultrasound and general cast-rolling shows that: The grain size of general cast-rolled lead strip is big; the grain boundary is coarse and the organization structure is uneven. However, the grain structure is refined, smaller grains and uniform organization structure is acquired with ultrasound treatment. Besides, the mechanical properties test results of the two kinds lead alloys shows that the ultrasound cast-rolling lead alloys are better than general cast-rolling. The tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of ultrasound cast-rolling lead strip are increased by 11.30%, 22.15% and 21.74% than that of general cast-rolling lead strip.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Development in Cross Roll Rolled Ni-30Cr Alloy

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 2462-2467
Author(s):  
Kuk Hyun Song ◽  
Han Sol Kim ◽  
Won Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Initial Material ◽  
Grain Boundary Character ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Conventional Rolling ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Electron Back Scattered Diffraction

In order to evaluate the microstructure and mechanical properties of cross roll rolled Ni-30Cr alloy, comparing with conventionally rolled material, this work was carried out. The materials were cold rolled to 90% in thickness reduction by conventional rolling and cross roll rolling methods and subsequently annealed at 700°C for 30 min. After this work, in order to evaluate the grain boundary character distributions of the materials, electron back-scattered diffraction technique was introduced. The application of cross roll rolling was more effective to develop the microstructure and mechanical properties than those of conventional rolling. As a result, the grain size was significantly refined to 1.3 μm in conventional rolling and 0.6 μm in cross roll rolling, compared to initial material (30 μm), respectively. Also, these grain refinements directly affected an increase in mechanical properties. In the present study, we systematically discussed the relationship between grain size and mechanical properties in terms of an increase in effective strain.

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