scholarly journals A Brief Review on Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease of Livestock: Conventional to Molecular Tools

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeta Longjam ◽  
Rajib Deb ◽  
A. K. Sarmah ◽  
Tilling Tayo ◽  
V. B. Awachat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
New Generation

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the highly contagious diseases of domestic animals. Effective control of this disease needs sensitive, specific, and quick diagnostic tools at each tier of control strategy. In this paper we have outlined various diagnostic approaches from old to new generation in a nutshell. Presently FMD diagnosis is being carried out using techniques such as Virus Isolation (VI), Sandwich-ELISA (S-ELISA), Liquid-Phase Blocking ELISA (LPBE), Multiplex-PCR (m-PCR), and indirect ELISA (DIVA), and real time-PCR can be used for detection of antibody against nonstructural proteins. Nucleotide sequencing for serotyping, microarray as well as recombinant antigen-based detection, biosensor, phage display, and nucleic-acid-based diagnostic are on the way for rapid and specific detection of FMDV. Various pen side tests, namely, lateral flow, RT-LAMP, Immunostrip tests, and so forth. are also developed for detection of the virus in field condition.

scholarly journals Cell culture propagation of foot-and-mouth disease virus: adaptive amino acid substitutions in structural proteins and their functional implications

Virus Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Dill ◽  
Michael Eschbaumer
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Adaptive Mutations ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

AbstractFoot-and-mouth disease is endemic in livestock in large parts of Africa and Asia, where it is an important driver of food insecurity and a major obstacle to agricultural development and the international trade in animal products. Virtually all commercially available vaccines are inactivated whole-virus vaccines produced in cell culture, but the adaptation of a field isolate of the virus to growth in culture is laborious and time-consuming. This is of particular concern for the development of vaccines to newly emerging virus lineages, where long lead times from virus isolate to vaccine can delay the implementation of effective control programs. High antigen yields in production cells are also necessary to make vaccines affordable for less developed countries in endemic areas. Therefore, a rational approach to cell culture adaptation that combines prior knowledge of common adaptive mutations and reverse genetics techniques is urgently required. This review provides an overview of amino acid exchanges in the viral capsid proteins in the context of adaptation to cell culture.

scholarly journals Detection of hand, foot and mouth disease in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Machain-Williams ◽  
Alma R. Dzul-Rosado ◽  
Aarón B. Yeh-Gorocica ◽  
Katia G. Rodriguez-Ruz ◽  
Henry Noh-Pech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hands And Feet

We report a case of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in a 5-year-old male from Merida City in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. A clinical and physical examination revealed that the patient had symptoms typical of HFMD, including fever, fatigue, odynophagia, throat edema, hyperemia, lesions on the hands and feet, and blisters in the oral cavity. The patient fully recovered after a convalescence period of almost three weeks. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing revealed that the etiological agent was enterovirus 71 (EV71). The sequence has greatest (90.4%) nucleotide identity to the corresponding regions of EV71 isolates from the Netherlands and Singapore. Although HFMD is presumably common in Mexico, surprisingly there are no data in the PubMed database to support this. This case report provides the first peer-reviewed evidence of HFMD in Mexico.

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of foot and mouth disease virus type ‘O’ and evaluation of its carrier state in cattle of Assam by Real time PCR

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Baro ◽  
Krishna Sharma ◽  
Biswajyoti Sharma ◽  
Shantanu Tamuly ◽  
P. Deka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

The molecular epidemiological study of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been carried out from different outbreaks in Assam the present study is based on the nucleotide sequencingof circulating FMDV serotype. The samples were subjected to sandwich ELISA, multiplex-PCR and molecular phylogeny to identify the type species. The phylogenetic analysis of virus sequence revealed similarity with theBangladesh isolates in the major branching pattern. The serotype ‘O’has found to be dominant and responsible for most of the recentoutbreaks.Thepersistence of serotype ‘O’ and cytokines expression of IL-1á, IL-1â, IFN-á, TNF-á in blood of recovered animals were done by Real time PCR. The findings indicated that IL-1á, IFN-á and TNF-á genes were up-regulated upto 3 months post infection but IL-1â found to be down regulated with progression of recovery. The present study thus supports that real-time PCR is a powerful technique for reliable detection of persistent FMDV in recovered animals.

scholarly journals New Concepts in Median Nail Dystrophy, Onychomycosis, and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Nail Pathology

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Y. Hoy ◽  
Alexander K. C. Leung ◽  
Andrei I. Metelitsa ◽  
Stewart Adams
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nail Dystrophy ◽  
Gamble Company ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Nails are underutilized as diagnostic tools, despite being involved in many dermatologic conditions. This paper explores new concepts in the treatment of median nail dystrophy (MND), onychomycosis, and the nail pathology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). A Pubmed database literature search was conducted for MND treatment, onychomycosis treatment, and HFMD nail pathology. Only papers published after January 2008 were reviewed. The results showed that 0.1% tacrolimus ointment can be an effective treatment for MND. Early studies on laser therapy indicate that it is a safe and efficacious treatment option for onychomycosis, compared to conventional oral antifungal agents. Vicks VapoRub (The Proctor & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH) is effective against onychomycosis and is a reasonable option in patients who choose to forgo conventional treatments. Lastly, there is evidence to support a correlation between HFMD and onychomadesis.

scholarly journals Application of RT‐PCR and nucleotide sequencing in foot‐and‐mouth disease diagnosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 20 (sup2) ◽  
pp. 32-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Scherbakov ◽  
N. Lomakina ◽  
V. Drygin ◽  
A. Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Mutagenesis Mapping of RNA Structures within the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Genome Reveals Functional Elements Localized in the Polymerase (3D pol )-Encoding Region

mSphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Lasecka-Dykes ◽  
Fiona Tulloch ◽  
Peter Simmonds ◽  
Garry A. Luke ◽  
Paolo Ribeca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Rna Structures ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Subgenomic Replicon ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Some RNA structures formed by the genomes of RNA viruses are critical for viral replication. Our study shows that of 46 conserved RNA structures located within the regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome that encode the nonstructural proteins, only 3 are essential for replication of an FMDV subgenomic replicon.

scholarly journals Detection of Bovine Antibodies against a Conserved Capsid Epitope as the Basis of a Novel Universal Serological Test for Foot-and-Mouth Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Asfor ◽  
N. Howe ◽  
S. Grazioli ◽  
S. Berryman ◽  
K. Parekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Fmd Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Serological Surveillance ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Diagnostic tests for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) include the detection of antibodies against either the viral nonstructural proteins or the capsid. The detection of antibodies against the structural proteins (SP) of the capsid can be used to monitor seroconversion in both infected and vaccinated animals. However, SP tests need to be tailored to the individual FMD virus (FMDV) serotype and their sensitivity may be affected by antigenic variability within each serotype and mismatching between test reagents. As a consequence, FMD reference laboratories are required to maintain multiple type-specific SP assays and reagents. A universal SP test would simplify frontline diagnostics and facilitate large-scale serological surveillance and postvaccination monitoring. In this study, a highly conserved region in the N terminus of FMDV capsid protein VP2 (VP2N) was characterized using a panel of intertype-reactive monoclonal antibodies. This revealed a universal epitope in VP2N which could be used as a peptide antigen to detect FMDV-specific antibodies against all types of the virus. A VP2-peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (VP2-ELISA) was optimized using experimental and reference antisera from immunized, convalescent, and naïve animals (n = 172). The VP2-ELISA is universal and simple and provided sensitive (99%) and specific (93%) detection of antibodies to all FMDV strains used in this study. We anticipate that this SP test could have utility for serosurveillance during virus incursions in FMD-free countries and as an additional screening tool to assess FMD virus circulation in countries where the disease is endemic.

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