scholarly journals Potential Use of Stem Cells for Kidney Regeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yokoo ◽  
Kei Matsumoto ◽  
Shinya Yokote
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Kidney Regeneration ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Kidney Dialysis ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Renal Stem Cell

Significant advances have been made in stem cell research over the past decade. A number of nonhematopoietic sources of stem cells (or progenitor cells) have been identified, including endothelial stem cells and neural stem cells. These discoveries have been a major step toward the use of stem cells for potential clinical applications of organ regeneration. Accordingly, kidney regeneration is currently gaining considerable attention to replace kidney dialysis as the ultimate therapeutic strategy for renal failure. However, due to anatomic complications, the kidney is believed to be the hardest organ to regenerate; it is virtually impossible to imagine such a complicated organ being completely rebuilt from pluripotent stem cells by gene or chemical manipulation. Nevertheless, several groups are taking on this big challenge. In this manuscript, current advances in renal stem cell research are reviewed and their usefulness for kidney regeneration discussed. We also reviewed the current knowledge of the emerging field of renal stem cell biology.

scholarly journals De NovoKidney Regeneration with Stem Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Yokote ◽  
Shuichiro Yamanaka ◽  
Takashi Yokoo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Kidney Regeneration ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Recent studies have reported on techniques to mobilize and activate endogenous stem-cells in injured kidneys or to introduce exogenous stem cells for tissue repair. Despite many recent advantages in renal regenerative therapy, chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality and the number of CKD patients has been increasing. When the sophisticated structure of the kidneys is totally disrupted by end stage renal disease (ESRD), traditional stem cell-based therapy is unable to completely regenerate the damaged tissue. This suggests that whole organ regeneration may be a promising therapeutic approach to alleviate patients with uncured CKD. We summarize here the potential of stem-cell-based therapy for injured tissue repair andde novowhole kidney regeneration. In addition, we describe the hurdles that must be overcome and possible applications of this approach in kidney regeneration.

scholarly journals Insight into Mechanobiology: How Stem Cells Feel Mechanical Forces and Orchestrate Biological Functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Argentati ◽  
Francesco Morena ◽  
Ilaria Tortorella ◽  
Martina Bazzucchi ◽  
Serena Porcellati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Physical Stimuli

The cross-talk between stem cells and their microenvironment has been shown to have a direct impact on stem cells’ decisions about proliferation, growth, migration, and differentiation. It is well known that stem cells, tissues, organs, and whole organisms change their internal architecture and composition in response to external physical stimuli, thanks to cells’ ability to sense mechanical signals and elicit selected biological functions. Likewise, stem cells play an active role in governing the composition and the architecture of their microenvironment. Is now being documented that, thanks to this dynamic relationship, stemness identity and stem cell functions are maintained. In this work, we review the current knowledge in mechanobiology on stem cells. We start with the description of theoretical basis of mechanobiology, continue with the effects of mechanical cues on stem cells, development, pathology, and regenerative medicine, and emphasize the contribution in the field of the development of ex-vivo mechanobiology modelling and computational tools, which allow for evaluating the role of forces on stem cell biology.

scholarly journals Stem Cells: Therapeutic Potential in Dentistry

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Fernando Demarco ◽  
Dárvi de Almeida André ◽  
Fernanda Nedel ◽  
Isabel Oliveira de Oliveira ◽  
Mabel M. Cordeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pulp Tissue

Abstract Aim The aim of this paper is to present a review and discussion of the current status of stem cell research with regard to tooth generation. Background Stem cells have been isolated from the pulp tissue of both deciduous and permanent teeth as well as from the periodontal ligament. Dental pulp stem cells demonstrate the capacity to form a dentin pulp-like complex in immunocompromised mice. A tooth-like structure was successfully formed, using a heterogeneous mixture of dental enamel epithelium, pulp mesenchymal cells, and scaffolds. Conclusion The scientific community understands the need for more investigations to completely understand the conditions that would best favor the creation of a tooth substitute. Recent gains in the understanding of the molecular regulation of tooth morphogenesis, stem cell biology, and biotechnology offers the opportunity to realize this goal. Clinical Significance These findings, combined with the recent progress in stem cell research and tissue engineering, might allow the development of alternatives for current materials and therapies used to treat tooth tissue loss (e.g., enamel, dentin, pulp), reconstruct dentoalveolar and craniofacial bone defects, and eventually replace an entire tooth. Citation Nedel F, André DA, Oliveira IO, Cordeiro MM, Casagrande L, Tarquinio SBC, Nor JE, Demarco FF. Stem Cells: Therapeutic Potential in Dentistry. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:090-096.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells in the dental tissues: perspectives for tissue regeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Ana Helena Gonçalves de Alencar ◽  
Gregory Thomas Kitten ◽  
Eneida Franco Vencio ◽  
Elisandra Gava
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Dental Stem Cell

In recent years, stem cell research has grown exponentially owing to the recognition that stem cell-based therapies have the potential to improve the life of patients with conditions that range from Alzheimer’s disease to cardiac ischemia and regenerative medicine, like bone or tooth loss. Based on their ability to rescue and/or repair injured tissue and partially restore organ function, multiple types of stem/progenitor cells have been speculated. Growing evidence demonstrates that stem cells are primarily found in niches and that certain tissues contain more stem cells than others. Among these tissues, the dental tissues are considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. It is known that these stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In dentistry, stem cell biology and tissue engineering are of great interest since may provide an innovative for generation of clinical material and/or tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells were demonstrated in dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental papilla, and dental follicle. These stem cells can be isolated and grown under defined tissue culture conditions, and are potential cells for use in tissue engineering, including, dental tissue, nerves and bone regeneration. More recently, another source of stem cell has been successfully generated from human somatic cells into a pluripotent stage, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), allowing creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. Collectively, the multipotency, high proliferation rates, and accessibility make the dental stem cell an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration. This review describes new findings in the field of dental stem cell research and on their potential use in the tissue regeneration.

Mesenchymal stem cells in rheumatology: a regenerative approach to joint repair

2007 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosimo De Bari ◽  
Francesco Dell'Accio
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Regenerative Approach

The advent of biologics in rheumatology has considerably changed the evolution and prognosis of chronic inflammatory arthritis. The success of these new treatments has contributed to steering more attention to research focussed on repair and remodelling of joint tissues. Indeed, when the tissue damage is established, treatment options are very limited and the risk of progression towards joint destruction and failure remains high. Increasing evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells persist postnatally within joint tissues. It is postulated that they would function to safeguard joint homoeostasis and guarantee tissue remodelling and repair throughout life. Alterations in mesenchymal stem cell biology in arthritis have indeed been reported but a causal relationship has not been demonstrated, mainly because our current knowledge of mesenchymal stem cell niches and functions within the joint in health and disease is very limited. Nonetheless, mesenchymal stem cell technologies have attracted the attention of the biomedical research community as very promising tools to achieve the repair of joint tissues such as articular cartilage, subchondral bone, menisci and tendons. This review will outline stem-cell-mediated strategies for the repair of joint tissues, spanning from the use of expanded mesenchymal stem cell populations to therapeutic targeting of endogenous stem cells, resident in their native tissues, and related reparative signals in traumatic, degenerative and inflammatory joint disorders.

Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering in Medical Practice: Ethical and Regulatory Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Regulatory Policies

Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering, in present time, have emerged as a legalized and regulated stem cell treatment option globally, but scientifically, their success is unestablished. Novel stem cell-based therapies have evolved as innovative and routine clinical solutions by commercial companies and hospitals across the world. Such rampant spread of stem cell clinics throughout UK, US, Europe and Asia reflect the public encouragement of benefits to incurable diseases. However, ever growing stem cell therapy developments need constant dogwatch and careful policy making by government regulatory bodies for prompt action in case of any untoward public concern. Therefore, researchers and physicians must keep themselves abreast of current knowledge on stem cells, tissue engineering devices in treatment and its safe legal limits. With this aim, stem cell scienctific developments, treatment options and legal scenario are introduced here to beginner or actively inolved scientists and physicians. Introduction to stem cell therapy will provide basic information to beginner researchers and practice physicians on engineered stem cell research concepts and present stem cell therapy federal regulations in different North American, European and Asian countries. FDA, CDC, EU, ICMR government policies in different countries include information on the current legal position, ethical policies, regulatory oversight and relevant laws.

284 HIGH-THROUGHPUT MICROFLUIDIC TECHNOLOGIES FOR STEM CELL RESEARCH

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
D. Kim ◽  
E. Monaco ◽  
A. Lima ◽  
W. L. Hurley ◽  
M. B. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Osteogenic Cells ◽  
Fluid Handling

One of the major issues in stem cell biology is to determine the conditions that enable stem cell culture, which has been slow and laborious due to the present nature of culture systems. Our current research is designed to leverage existing robotic and fluid handling technologies with the unique fluid control and microenvironment properties of the microscale, along with the extensive expertise in stem cell research. One key advantage of microfluidic systems for stem cell research is the ability to ultra-miniaturize the cell-based assays. Swine adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) were cultured and differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic cells. A fluid handling robot was used to implement the passive pumping in the microdevices, which did not require any fluid connectors. A 192-channel micro-conduit polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) array was made using soft lithography and bonded onto a standard microplate. The fluid handling robot was programmed to load cells and change medium. The total time to change medium for 192 channels was 30 min. Swine adipose-derived stem cells were cultured using DMEM + 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) for six days in a 100% humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Two different cell concentrations were compared (1 � 106 cells and 2 � 106). The ADSCs were differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic cells using specific differentiation media for the following ten days. The medium was changed every 24 h by the fluid handling robot. To assess for the differentiation, the adipogenic and osteogenic cells were stained using oil red O and alizarin red S to verify fat and calcium formation, respectively. Fatty acid accumulation was confirmed by red-stained lipid vesicles inside the adipogenic cells, and calcium formation was observed as red-stained calcium deposits around the osteogenic cells. We also determined that the concentration of 1 � 106 cells (equivalent to 1500 cells per channel) gave better results than the concentration of 2 � 106 cells (equivalent to 3000 cells per channel) in terms of cell morphology and differentiation parameters. The use of multifactorial directed differentiation using high-speed robotic systems, as employed in our research, will enable the examination of large matrices of culture and differentiation conditions for stem cells. Furthermore, our approach enables the use of gene expression analysis and other analytical methodologies to study the differentiation and cell function of cells cultured under essentially unlimited conditions. Using the automated microscale system in large factorial experiments allows analysis of the basic mechanisms underlying stem cell development in vitro, and ultimately in vivo. This research was supported by the Illinois Regenerative Medicine Institute (IRMI).

scholarly journals Primordial Germ Cells: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Nikolic ◽  
Vladislav Volarevic ◽  
Lyle Armstrong ◽  
Majlinda Lako ◽  
Miodrag Stojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Primordial Germ Cells ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Therapeutic Possibility

Infertility is a condition that occurs very frequently and understanding what defines normal fertility is crucial to helping patients. Causes of infertility are numerous and the treatment often does not lead to desired pregnancy especially when there is a lack of functional gametes. In humans, the primordial germ cell (PGC) is the primary undifferentiated stem cell type that will differentiate towards gametes: spermatozoa or oocytes. With the development of stem cell biology and differentiation protocols, PGC can be obtained from pluripotent stem cells providing a new therapeutic possibility to treat infertile couples. Recent studies demonstrated that viable mouse pups could be obtained fromin vitrodifferentiated stem cells suggesting that translation of these results to human is closer. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge about PGC indicating the perspective of their use in both research and medical application for the treatment of infertility.

Application of Nanomaterials in Regulating the Fate of Adipose-derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Lang Wang ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Maorui Zhang ◽  
Kui Huang ◽  
Shuanglin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
New Treatment

Adipose-derived stem cells are adult stem cells which are easy to obtain and multi-potent. Stem-cell therapy has become a promising new treatment for many diseases, and plays an increasingly important role in the field of tissue repair, regeneration and reconstruction. The physicochemical properties of the extracellular microenvironment contribute to the regulation of the fate of stem cells. Nanomaterials have stable particle size, large specific surface area and good biocompatibility, which has led them being recognized as having broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine. In this paper, we review recent developments of nanomaterials in adipose-derived stem cell research. Taken together, the current literature indicates that nanomaterials can regulate the proliferation and differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells. However, the properties and regulatory effects of nanomaterials can vary widely depending on their composition. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide for future stem-cell research on the use of nanomaterials.

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