scholarly journals The Link between Cognitive Measures and ADLs and IADL Functioning in Mild Alzheimer's: What Has Gender Got to Do with It?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Hall ◽  
Hoa T. Vo ◽  
Leigh A. Johnson ◽  
Robert C. Barber ◽  
S. E. O'Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Memory Area ◽  
Neurocognitive Measures ◽  
Basic Adls

Objectives. To investigate the link between neurocognitive measures and various aspects of daily living (ADL and IADL) in women and men with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods. Participants were 202 AD patients (91 male, 111 female) with CDR global scores of ≤1. ADLs and IADLs ratings were obtained from caregivers. Cognitive domains were assessed with neuropsychological testing.Results. Memory and executive functioning were related to IADL scores. Executive functioning was linked to total ADL. Comparisons stratified on gender found attention predicted total ADL score in both men and women. Attention predicted bathing and eating ability in women only. Language predicted IADL functions in men (food preparation) and women (driving).Conclusions. Associations between ADLs/IADLs and memory, learning, executive functioning, and language suggest that even in patients with mild AD, basic ADLs require complex cognitive processes. Gender differences in the domains of learning and memory area were found.

Prevalence of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Difficulties and Associated Cognitive Predictors Across Racial/Ethnic Groups: Findings from the KHANDLE Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L Chan ◽  
Chloe W Eng ◽  
Paola Gilsanz ◽  
Rachel A Whitmer ◽  
Dan Mungas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Iadl Disability ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objective Cognitive functioning is associated with instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) performance among older adults. The present study examines potential differences in the prevalence of IADL difficulty and association with cognition across diverse groups. Methods Participants included 455 non-Hispanic Whites, 395 Blacks, 370 Asians, and 296 Latinos age ≥65 without a current dementia diagnosis from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experience cohort. Participants self-reported IADL functioning and cognition was measured across episodic memory and executive functioning. Results Older age, male gender, and being Black were associated with more IADL difficulties. Executive functioning showed a stronger association with IADL than memory, and it was independent of health status whereas memory was not. In joint models including both cognitive domains, executive functioning remained a significant predictor of IADL difficulty, but memory did not. Results for both cognitive domains were attenuated with self-rated health added to the joint model. These relationships did not significantly differ across racial/ethnic groups Conclusions Our study supports previous work suggesting that Black older adults are at increased risk for IADL disability. This is the first study we are aware of that examined the association between specific cognitive domains and IADL performance across multiple racial/ethnic groups. Findings indicate that cognitive functioning has similar associations with self-reported IADL disability across diverse groups, and that executive functioning plays a particularly important role in IADL disability among older adults without dementia; however, health status largely attenuates the relationship between IADL difficulty and cognition.

French Adaptation of the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI)

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Catale ◽  
Caroline Lejeune ◽  
Sarah Merbah ◽  
Thierry Meulemans
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Rating Instrument ◽  
Functioning Inventory ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Thorell and Nyberg (2008 ) recently developed the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI), a new rating instrument for executive functioning in day-to-day life which can be divided into four subscales: working memory, planning, inhibition, and regulation. Using an exploratory factor analysis on data from young Swedish children attending kindergarten, Thorell and Nyberg (2008 ) found a two-factor solution that taps working memory and inhibition. In the present study, we explored the psychometric characteristics of the French adaptation of the CHEXI. A group of 95 parents of 5- and 6-year-old children completed the CHEXI, 87 of whom were given clinical inhibition and working memory tasks. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor solution based on inhibition and working memory that was identified in the original study of Swedish children. Supplementary results indicated good internal and test-retest reliability for the entire scale, as well as for the two subscales identified. Correlation analyses showed no relationship between cognitive measures and the CHEXI subscales. Possible clinical applications for the CHEXI scales are discussed.

scholarly journals Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Lindert ◽  
Kimberley C. Paul ◽  
E. Lachman Margie ◽  
Beate Ritz ◽  
Teresa Seeman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subjective Social Status ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Men And Women

AbstractLimited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25–74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. The initial wave (1995) included 4963 non-institutionalized adults aged 32–84 (M = 55, SD = 12.4). We used an analytic sample from MIDUS-II (1996/1997) and MIDUS-III (2013) (n = 1821). The dependent variables are episodic memory and executive functioning, which were assessed with the Brief Test for Cognition (BTACT). The independent variables were social stress variables (subjective social status, family and marital stress, work stress and discrimination). To evaluate episodic memory and executive functioning changes over a time period of 10 years, we estimated adjusted linear regression models. Women report significantly lower subjective social status and more discrimination stress than men across all age groups. Controlling for education and income, age, and baseline episodic memory and executive functioning, lower subjective social status had additional adverse effects on declines in episodic memory in men and women. Marital risk had adverse effects on episodic memory in men but not in women. Daily discrimination had adverse effects on executive functioning on all individuals. Public health strategies should focus on reducing social stress in a socio-ecological perspective. Especially, subjective social status and discrimination stress might be a target for prevention efforts.

scholarly journals NCOG-76. BASELINE COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT IN GLIOMA PATIENTS WITH MGMT PROMOTOR METHYLATION AND/OR 1p19q CODELETION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii146-ii146
Author(s):  
Sydney Park ◽  
Abigail Giles ◽  
Grace Liberatore ◽  
Katherine Morgan ◽  
Cynthia DeBruhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
1P19q Codeletion ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Status Score ◽  
Chemotherapy Administration

Abstract INTRODUCTION Methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status is associated with better overall survival while 1p19q co-deletion is associated with long-term survival. Cognitive dysfunction is a common complication of brain tumors and treatment; however, information regarding the relationship between MGMT status, 1p19q codeletion, and cognition is limited. METHOD Baseline neuropsychological testing was performed in patients with malignant glioma prior to radiation and/or chemotherapy administration. A retrospective data analysis was conducted. We calculated composite and subdomain scores for attention/executive functioning, memory, and language in patients with or without MGMT promotor methylation and/or 1p19q codeletion. RESULTS Thirty-eight patients (Age M = 48.73 ± 14.98; 50% female) diagnosed with glioma (29% grade II, 16% grade III, 21% grade IV; Karnofsky Performance Status score (KPS) M = 88.75 ± 14.24) were selected from a retrospective. Memory was marginally significant, such that methylated participants performed better on memory tasks than the unmethylated group (p = .053). Independent samples t-test revealed no significant differences between either marker across the overall cognitive composite (methylated M = 41.35; unmethylated: M = 39.91; p = .955; 1p19q co-deleted: M = 50.94; 1p19q intact: M = 43.66; p = .158) and subdomains attention/executive functioning (p = .585; p = .157) and language (p = .581; p = .765). Logistic regression showed MGMT does not predict cognitive status (p =.052) and there were not enough cases to complete the model with 1p19q. CONCLUSION MGMT status may be correlated with baseline cognitive status as MGMT methylated patients had better memory scores than their unmethylated counterparts. We did not find any significant association between the remaining cognitive domains and MGMT or 1p19q although sample size is a significant limitation. These results suggest further assessment of changes in cognition during treatment through serial neuropsychological testing of glioma populations with defined marker status is warranted.

A-149 Demographic Correlates of a Short-Form Test of Executive Functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1203
Author(s):  
Arthur M Horton ◽  
Cecil Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Education Levels

Abstract Objective This poster explores demographic correlates of a recently developed Short-Form Test of Executive Functioning. Method Subjects were 23 adults referred by neurologists and psychiatrist for neuropsychological testing to a private practice. All subjects signed informed consent documents. Subjects included 12 males and 11 females, 20 subjects were Caucasians and 3 were African-Americans, 22 were right handed. The subjects’ ages ranged from 20 to 74 (M-52.04, SD-14.87) and the subjects education levels ranged from 10–20 (M-15.87, SD-3.45). Diagnoses included Stroke-12, Traumatic Brain Injury-6, Alzheimer’s disease-2, Multiple Sclerosis-1, Parkinson’s disease-1 and Epilepsy-1. All subjects were administered neuropsychological testing including the Short-Form Test of Executive Functioning (SF-TEF) The Sf-TEF is composed of 3 card sorting subtests of the Test of Verbal and Conceptual Fluency (TVCF) but rather than administering 116 cards only 58 are administered and full scales scores prorated to save time. The scales are Number Correct, Perseveration Errors and Number of Categories. The 3 short form subjects were each correlated with the subjects age and education variables. Results The correlations between the Number Correct, Perseveration Errors and Number of Categories scores and age scores were 0.247, 0.01, and 0.08 and correlations between the Number Correct, Perseveration Errors and Number of Categories scores and education levels were 0.21, 0.273 and 0.12 which were all non-significant at the P < 0.05 level of statistical significance. Conclusions These results suggest that the scores of the Number Correct, Perseveration Errors and Number of Categories subtests were not unduly influenced by the subjects’ age and education.

The Effects of Testosterone on Cognition in Elderly Men: A Review

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Warren ◽  
Michael J. Serby ◽  
David M. Roane
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Visuospatial Function ◽  
Androgen Depletion ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Larger Sample

ABSTRACTIn this article, the literature examining the relationship between testosterone and various cognitive domains in elderly men is reviewed. The review focuses on the role of endogenous testosterone levels and the effects of androgen depletion and replacement. The cognitive domains most commonly linked to testosterone include memory and visuospatial function. Indeed, the literature suggests that in certain conditions (ie, hypogonadism, cognitive impairment) testosterone levels may be significantly associated with memory and visuospatial function, but not other cognitive functions. Studies with larger sample sizes and more sensitive cognitive measures are indicated, as questions remain about the potential role of testosterone as a cognitive enhancer.

scholarly journals Trust your Abilities More than the Stereotype: Effect of Gender-stereotype Threat and Task Difficulty on Word Production, Clustering, and Switching in Letter Fluency

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wulandari Wulandari ◽  
Donny Hendrawan
Keyword(s):  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Gender Stereotype ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Undergraduate Men ◽  
And Task

Gender-stereotype threat consistently accounts for underperformance phenomena experienced by women on male-stereotyped cognitive tasks. However, only a few studies have examined how the threat is affecting performance on female-stereotyped cognitive tasks, such as letter fluency. The present study examined whether variations in the cues to activate stereotype threat and the level of task difficulty would affect the letter fluency performance of undergraduate men and women (<em>n</em> = 168) and the underlying cognitive processes of this performance (i.e., switching, clustering). The results indicated participants held beliefs about women&rsquo;s superiority in this task. However, threat-activation cues did not affect production of correct words, errors, clustering, or switching in men and women. Task difficulty affected the number of correct words, yet it did not interact with the stereotype threat-activation cues. Finally, participants&rsquo; actual performance was related to their self-rating perception about their ability instead of the stereotyping they perceived. The effect of self-efficacy, educational level, and individuals&rsquo; susceptibilities should be taken into account when studying the effects of stereotype threat.

Post-Illumination Pupil Response as a Biomarker for Cognition in α-Synucleinopathies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Oliver Steiner ◽  
Jan de Zeeuw ◽  
Sophia Stotz ◽  
Frederik Bes ◽  
Dieter Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Dopamine Transporter ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Brain

Neurodegenerative processes in the brain are reflected by structural retinal changes. As a possible biomarker of cognitive state in prodromal α-synucleinopathies, we compared melanopsin-mediated post-illumination pupil responses (PIPR) with cognition (CERAD-plus) in 69 patients with isolated REM-sleep behavior disorder. PIPR was significantly correlated with cognitive domains, especially executive functioning (r = 0.417, p <  0.001), which was more pronounced in patients with lower dopamine-transporter density, suggesting advanced neurodegenerative state (n = 26; r = 0.575, p = 0.002). Patients with mild neurocognitive disorder (n = 10) had significantly reduced PIPR (smaller melanopsin-mediated response) compared to those without (p = 0.001). Thus, PIPR may be a functional—possibly monitoring—marker for impaired cognitive state in (prodromal) α-synucleinopathies.

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