scholarly journals Hyperthyroidism-Associated Insulin Resistance Is Not Mediated by Adiponectin Levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsun Chu ◽  
Hing-Chung Lam ◽  
Jenn-Kuen Lee ◽  
Chih-Chen Lu ◽  
Chun-Chin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antithyroid Treatment

To evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease, we studied 19 adult patients with this disease and 19 age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls. All hyperthyroid patients were treated with antithyroid drugs and were re-evaluated after thyroid function normalized. Before antithyroid treatment, the adiponectin plasma concentrations were not different comparing with those in control group. The adiponectin levels remained unchanged after treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in hyperthyroid group was higher before treatment than after treatment. There was no significant difference in serum glucose and insulin levels between hyperthyroid and control groups and in the hyperthyroid group before and after treatment. BMI-adjusted adiponectin levels were not different among three groups. On the other hand, BMI-adjusted insulin levels and HOMA-IR values were significantly decreased after management of hyperthyroidism. Pearson's correlation revealed that insulin and HOMA-IR values positively correlated with triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. However, adiponectin did not correlate with T3, FT4, insulin, HOMA-IR and thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) levels. In conclusion, insulin resistance associated with hyperthyroidism is not mediated by the levels of plasma adiponectin.

scholarly journals Short-term impact of sucralose consumption on the metabolic response and gut microbiome of healthy adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (8) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Thomson ◽  
Rodrigo Santibañez ◽  
Carolina Aguirre ◽  
Jose E. Galgani ◽  
Daniel Garrido
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSucralose is an artificial non-nutritive sweetener used in foods aimed to reduce sugar and energy intake. While thought to be inert, the impact of sucralose on metabolic control has shown to be the opposite. The gut microbiome has emerged as a factor shaping metabolic responses after sweetener consumption. We examined the short-term effect of sucralose consumption on glucose homeostasis and gut microbiome of healthy male volunteers. We performed a randomised, double-blind study in thirty-four subjects divided into two groups, one that was administered sucralose capsules (780 mg/d for 7 d; n 17) and a control group receiving placebo (n 17). Before and after the intervention, glycaemic and insulinaemic responses were assessed with a standard oral glucose load (75 g). Insulin resistance was determined using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda indexes. The gut microbiome was evaluated before and after the intervention by 16S rRNA sequencing. During the study, body weight remained constant in both groups. Glycaemic control and insulin resistance were not affected during the 7-d period. At the phylum level, gut microbiome was not modified in any group. We classified subjects according to their change in insulinaemia after the intervention, to compare the microbiome of responders and non-responders. Independent of consuming sucralose or placebo, individuals with a higher insulinaemic response after the intervention had lower Bacteroidetes and higher Firmicutes abundances. In conclusion, consumption of high doses of sucralose for 7 d does not alter glycaemic control, insulin resistance, or gut microbiome in healthy individuals. However, it highlights the need to address individual responses to sucralose.

scholarly journals Serum vaspin levels in hypothyroid patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neşe Çinar ◽  
Neşe Ersöz Gülçelik ◽  
Kadriye Aydín ◽  
Şafak Akín ◽  
Aydan Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

ObjectiveTo elucidate the link between TSH and obesity, the relationship between TSH and adipocytokines were previously studied. Animal studies demonstrated a possible relationship between vaspin levels and thyroid functions. In this study, we aimed to investigate vaspin levels in hypothyroid states and its relationship with insulin resistance parameters in humans.DesignProspective observational study.MethodsWe enrolled 27 overt hypothyroid, 33 subclinical hypothyroid and 41 euthyroid patients. We measured the body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, TSH, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine and vaspin levels. The change in vaspin levels in 12 overt hypothyroid patients after establishment of euthyroidism was analysed.ResultsAll groups were age-matched. Overt hypothyroid group had higher BMI values (P<0.05) than other groups. No significant difference was observed in insulin levels and HOMA-IR among the groups (P>0.05). Adjusted vaspin levels for BMI and age were similar among the groups. Mean vaspin levels in overt, subclinical and euthyroid patients were 1.20±1.17, 1.48±0.93 and 0.95±0.75 ng/ml respectively (P>0.05). There was no significant association between vaspin levels and BMI, fasting glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR (P>0.05). Establishing euthyroidism in hypothyroid patients did not result in a significant change in vaspin levels (before and after treatment, 1.35±1.06 and 1.25±0.68 ng/ml, respectively; P>0.05).ConclusionWe herein present novel data indicating vaspin levels are neither altered in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism nor have a relationship with features of insulin resistance in hypothyroid patients.

scholarly journals A comparative study of insulin resistance in acne vulgaris

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Prathima Munichandrappa ◽  
Manjunath K. G. ◽  
Kiran C. ◽  
Anirudh Variyar
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Acne is common skin problem among adolescents and young adults. Recently the role of insulin resistance in acne is being widely researched.</span>The o<span lang="EN-IN">bjectives of the study were to evaluate insulin resistance in acne, to compare the insulin resistance among cases and controls using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">45 cases and 45 controls were recruited. Acne severity was graded using the global acne grading system(GAGS). Fasting glucose, fasting insulin levels were done and insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">We did not find any statistically significant difference in fasting insulin levels between cases and controls. However, a weak positive correlation between acne severity and fasting insulin levels (r =0.3, p=0.04) were observed. Fasting glucose levels and HOMA-IR values observed between cases and controls were not statistically significant (p=0.05, p=0.59 respectively). </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Our study did not suggest a major role of insulin resistance in acne.</span></p>

The effect of Madhumeha Kusumakar Rasa – an Ayurved medicine – in insulin resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samruddhi Kavishwar ◽  
Mrinal Sanaye ◽  
Monisha Nair ◽  
Mukesh Chawda ◽  
Viplav Kshirsagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model ◽  
Lipid Parameters

Abstract Objectives Madhumeha Kusumakar Rasa (MKR) is an Ayurved formulation having a strong pharmacological base for diabetes management. This study aimed to validate MKR's efficacy in dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance (IR). Methods Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 served as the normal control, Group 2 received dexamethasone 1.5 mg/kg (i.p.), Group 3 received dexamethasone and metformin 200 mg/kg (p.o.), and Group 4 received dexamethasone and MKR 236 mg/kg (p.o.). Animals were evaluated for serum glucose levels and glucose tolerance, serum insulin, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Homeostatic model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS), fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR), and lipid parameters. Pancreas, liver, and kidneys were evaluated for reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These tissues were also evaluated for histopathological changes. Results MKR showed significant improvement in serum glucose and glucose tolerance, serum insulin and HOMA-IR, HOMA-IS, and FGIR. It also showed a significant improvement in lipid parameters as compared to the dexamethasone-treated group. It prevented depletion of GSH levels and elevation in MDA levels. These effects were supported by histopathological analysis. Conclusions MKR treatment significantly attenuated dexamethasone-induced IR. This study validates the mechanism of the anti-diabetic potential of MKR.

scholarly journals Serum Asprosin Level in Different Subtypes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yonghui jiang ◽  
yue liu ◽  
zhiheng yu ◽  
ping yang ◽  
lei xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcos Group

Abstract Objective Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be divided into different subtypes, including insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenism (HA). Asprosin is a novel hormone associated with IR; however, the role of asprosin in women with PCOS has not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum asprosin levels and PCOS subtypes. Methods Ninety-three women with PCOS and 77 healthy women as controls were selected for this study. Clinical and laboratory data were compared between the PCOS group and the control group. The PCOS group was further divided into subgroups: 1) women with or without HA (PCOS HA and PCOS NHA, respectively); 2) women with or without IR (PCOS IR and PCOS NIR, respectively). Serum asprosin was measured by ELISA. Results Serum asprosin levels showed no significant difference between the PCOS and control groups. However, it was significantly lower in the PCOS HA and IR groups compared to the respective PCOS NHA and NIR groups (P < .05). In the PCOS group, serum asprosin was negatively correlated with body mass index, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, basal antral follicles, fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, and triglycerides. After adjusting for BMI, the correlations were not significant and asprosin was only positively correlated with prolactin (r = 0.426, P < .001). Conclusions Our study shows that women with PCOS HA or IR exhibit significantly lower serum asprosin levels compared to controls, and the lower asprosin level directly correlated with PRL level.

scholarly journals Decreased levels of uric acid after oral glucose challenge is associated with triacylglycerol levels and degree of insulin resistance

2007 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Tinahones ◽  
F. Cardona ◽  
G. Rojo-Martínez ◽  
M. C. Almaraz ◽  
I. Cardona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glucose Challenge

Hyperuricaemia is one of the components of metabolic syndrome. Both oxidative stress and hyperinsulinism are important variables in the genesis of this syndrome and have a close association with uric acid (UA). We evaluated the effect of an oral glucose challenge on UA concentrations. The study included 656 persons aged 18 to 65 years. Glycaemia, insulin, UA and plasma proteins were measured at baseline and 120 min after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The baseline sample also included measurements of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol (TAG) and HDL-cholesterol. Insulin resistance was calculated with the homeostasis model assessment. UA levels were significantly lower after the OGTT (281·93 (sd92·19)v. 267·48 (sd90·40) μmol/l;P < 0·0001). Subjects with a drop in UA concentrations >40·86 μmol/l (>75th percentile) had higher plasma TAG levels (P = 0·0001), baseline insulin (P = 0·02) and greater insulin resistance (P = 0·034). Women with a difference in plasma concentrations of UA above the 75th percentile had higher baseline insulin levels (P = 0·019), concentration of plasma TAG (P = 0·0001) and a greater insulin resistance index (P = 0·029), whereas the only significant difference in men was the level of TAG. Multiple regression analysis showed that the basal TAG levels, insulin at 120 min, glycaemia at 120 min and waist:hip ratio significantly predicted the variance in the UA difference (r20·077). Levels of UA were significantly lower after the OGTT and the individuals with the greatest decrease in UA levels are those who have greater insulin resistance and higher TAG levels.

Omentin, an adipokine with insulin-sensitizing properties, is negatively associated with insulin resistance in normal gestation

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Brandt ◽  
Shali Mazaki-Tovi ◽  
Rina Hemi ◽  
Yoav Yinon ◽  
Eyal Schiff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Elective Cesarean Section ◽  
Maternal Body Mass Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Elective Cesarean ◽  
Normal Gestation

AbstractOmentin, a newly identified adipokine, enhances insulin mediated glucose uptake in human adipocytes, thus, inducing systemic insulin-sensitizing effect. The aims of this study were to determine whether circulating maternal omentin levels are associated with insulin resistance indices and to assess which compartment, maternal, fetal, or placental, is the source of omentin in maternal circulation.Fasting serum glucose, insulin, and omentin were determined in 25 healthy pregnant women at the third trimester, before and 3 days after elective cesarean section. Cord blood omentin was measured in the 25 term neonates. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to evaluate insulin sensitivity before and after delivery.Antepartum maternal omentin levels were negatively correlated with insulin levels (r=–0.41, P=0.04) and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S; r=0.4, P=0.04). Postpartum omentin levels were negatively correlated with maternal body mass index (r=–0.44, P=0.02). Median maternal omentin levels was comparable before and after delivery (57.2, inter-quartile range: 38.2–76.2 ng/mL vs. 53.4, 39.8–69.4 ng/mL, respectively, P=0.25) and highly correlated (r=0.83, P<0.001). Antepartum maternal and neonatal omentin levels did not differ significantly (fetal: 62.2, 44.3–74.2 ng/mL, P=0.77) and did not correlate (P=0.6).Circulating maternal omentin levels are correlated with insulin resistance indices, suggesting that this adipokine may play a role in metabolic adaptations of normal gestation. The strong correlation between anteparum and postpartum maternal omentin levels, as well as the lack of association between maternal and neonatal omentin levels, suggest that placental or fetal compartments are unlikely as the main source of circulating maternal omentin.

scholarly journals Effects of whey protein isolate on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in overweight and obese individuals

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebely Pal ◽  
Vanessa Ellis ◽  
Satvinder Dhaliwal
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dairy Proteins ◽  
Insulin Levels

The health benefits currently associated with increased dairy intake may be attributable to the whey component of dairy proteins. The present study evaluated the effects of whey protein supplementation on body composition, lipids, insulin and glucose in comparison to casein and glucose (control) supplementation in overweight/obese individuals for 12 weeks. The subjects were randomised to whey protein, casein or glucose supplementation for 12 weeks according to a parallel design. Fasting blood samples and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements were taken. Seventy men and women with a mean age of 48·4 (sem 0·86) years and a mean BMI of 31·3 (sem 0·8) kg/m2 completed the study. Subjects supplemented with whey protein had no significant change in body composition or serum glucose at 12 weeks compared with the control or casein group. Fasting TAG levels were significantly lowered in the whey group compared with the control group at 6 weeks (P = 0·025) and 12 weeks (P = 0·035). There was a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol at week 12 in the whey group compared with the casein (P = 0·026 and 0·045, respectively) and control groups (P < 0·001 and 0·003, respectively). Fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance scores were also significantly decreased in the whey group compared with the control group (P = 0·049 and P = 0·034, respectively). The present study demonstrated that supplementation with whey proteins improves fasting lipids and insulin levels in overweight and obese individuals.

Protective effects by co-administration of eicosapentaenoic acid, capsaicin, and dextrin against obesity-related metabolic dysregulation in ob/ob mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Hirotani ◽  
Rina Ueyama ◽  
Yoko Urashima ◽  
Ryuji Kato ◽  
Kenji Ikeda
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation

Background: Obesity and its related metabolic syndrome are closely associated with major risk factors for chronic diseases, including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. We investigated whether a combination of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), capsaicin (Cap), and indigestible dextrin (Dx) could protect mice against obesity and its related metabolic disorders.Methods: We fed male C57BL/6J and genetically obese ob/ob mice various diets for 10 weeks. The normal group was standard chow (SC; 5.3% fat content)-fed C57BL/6J mice. The control group was SC-fed ob/ob mice. The experimental groups were SC-fed ob/ob mice whose diets were supplemented with either 4% (w/w) EPA (EPA group), a combination of 4% (w/w) EPA and 0.01% (w/w) Cap (EPA+Cap group), or 4% (w/w) EPA, 0.01% (w/w) Cap, and Dx (EPA+Cap+Dx group).Results: We discovered that the weight of body and fat tissue, levels of serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were significantly higher in the control group than in the normal group (P < 0.05 for all parameters). However, the weight of body and fat tissue, the serum glucose, total cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase levels, and the HOMA-IR index were lower in the EPA+Cap+Dx group than in the EPA and EPA+Cap groups.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the co-administration of EPA, Cap, and Dx may suppress the progression of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation and subsequent complications.Keywords: eicosapentaenoic acid/capsaicin/dextrin/mice/obesity

scholarly journals Anti-Diabetic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Coccinia Indica in Glucocorticoid Induced Insulin Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Narendar Koyagura ◽  
V. Hemanth Kumar ◽  
Chandrakumar Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Coccinia Indica ◽  
Group 2

This study explores the anti-diabetic, insulin sensitizing and hypolipidemic activity of Coccinia indica (C.indica) leaf extract (ethanolic) in glucocorticoid induced insulin resistance (IR). A 12 day study with 5 groups of 30 male Wistar albino rats, with 6 rats in each was conducted. The rats in all the groups except group 1 received dexamethasone (8mg/kg/i.p.) from 7th to 12th day to induce IR. The groups 1 and 2 received 2% gum acacia orally for 12 days whereas the groups 3 & 4 received oral ethanolic extract of C.indica leaf in the dose of 1 and 2 gm/kg, respectively. The standard control (group 5) received metformin (1gm/kg) orally for 12 days. Fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipid levels were estimated at the beginning and end of the study. The insulin sensitivity indices (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and sensitivity, fasting glucose to insulin ratio, hepatic & atherogenic indices) were calculated. The body weight was monitored on alternate days. The liver weight, volume and histopathology were also done. Compared to group 2 rats, the group’s 3 & 4 demonstrated significant(p<0.05) dose dependent lowering of serum glucose, insulin and lipids as well as lowered IR, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hepatic steatosis. Additionally, group 2 rats had low body weight and hepatomegaly. This extract demonstrated significant anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic and insulin sensitizing activity. Hence it can be used as an effective alternative for treating type2 diabetes mellitus.

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