scholarly journals Anti-Diabetic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Coccinia Indica in Glucocorticoid Induced Insulin Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
Narendar Koyagura ◽  
V. Hemanth Kumar ◽  
Chandrakumar Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Coccinia Indica ◽  
Group 2

This study explores the anti-diabetic, insulin sensitizing and hypolipidemic activity of Coccinia indica (C.indica) leaf extract (ethanolic) in glucocorticoid induced insulin resistance (IR). A 12 day study with 5 groups of 30 male Wistar albino rats, with 6 rats in each was conducted. The rats in all the groups except group 1 received dexamethasone (8mg/kg/i.p.) from 7th to 12th day to induce IR. The groups 1 and 2 received 2% gum acacia orally for 12 days whereas the groups 3 & 4 received oral ethanolic extract of C.indica leaf in the dose of 1 and 2 gm/kg, respectively. The standard control (group 5) received metformin (1gm/kg) orally for 12 days. Fasting serum glucose, insulin and lipid levels were estimated at the beginning and end of the study. The insulin sensitivity indices (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and sensitivity, fasting glucose to insulin ratio, hepatic & atherogenic indices) were calculated. The body weight was monitored on alternate days. The liver weight, volume and histopathology were also done. Compared to group 2 rats, the group’s 3 & 4 demonstrated significant(p<0.05) dose dependent lowering of serum glucose, insulin and lipids as well as lowered IR, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hepatic steatosis. Additionally, group 2 rats had low body weight and hepatomegaly. This extract demonstrated significant anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic and insulin sensitizing activity. Hence it can be used as an effective alternative for treating type2 diabetes mellitus.

Acute Overfeeding Does Not Alter Liver or Adipose Tissue-Derived Cytokines in Healthy Humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaoxin Chen ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Campbell H. Thompson ◽  
Gary A. Wittert ◽  
Leonie K. Heilbronn
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Balanced Diet

Background/Aims: The secretions of liver-derived cytokines angiopoietin-like 6, insulin-like growth factor 1, selenoprotein-P and C-reactive protein and adipokines, adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 are altered in obese individuals, and they directly induce insulin resistance in both cellular and animal models. This study is aimed at examining the effects of acute overnutrition on these cytokines in healthy individuals, and identifying association with markers of insulin resistance. Methods: Thirty-one young healthy individuals (10 men, body mass index (BMI) 22.4 ± 2.7; 21 women, BMI 23.3 ± 4.9) were enrolled for the study. Metabolic assessments were done 3 days after an energy balanced diet (30% fat) and 3 days of a high-fat overfeeding diet (+1,250 kcal/day, 45% fat), and the assessments included the fasting body weight and blood samples to analyze the selected cytokines and evaluate the insulin sensitivity by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (80 mU/m2/min). Results: Three days of overfeeding increased the body weight, fasting glucose and insulin, and thus the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. However, there were no changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity, or in the circulating cytokines assessed. Conclusions: The hepatokines and adipokines assessed were not acutely sensitive to overnutrition in healthy individuals, despite increases in markers of hepatic insulin resistance.

Effect of Clomiphene Citrate and Letrozole on Body Weight of female Albino Rat for Consecutive 1-4 Estrous Cycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2938-2941
Author(s):  
Fauzia Qureshi ◽  
Syeda Rizwana Jafri ◽  
Hafiza Sadia Ahmad ◽  
Uzma Waseem ◽  
Ursula Akif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Ovulation Induction ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Estrous Cycles ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate in women with infertility has been practiced more than 40% years but in infertile patients this treatment plan proved to be ineffective with multiple complication. Body weight plays an important role modulating reproductive development and functioning. Aim: To observe the effects on body weight of female albino rat after use of clomiphene citrate and letrozole for consecutive 1-4 estrous cycles Method: Eighty four adult female Albino rats were equally divided into three groups for this research. Body weight of each rat was measured before and after the experiment. Vaginal smear cytology of each rat was performed to study different phases of estrous cycle. Control group A was given normal saline orally , In Experimental group B rats were given letrozole (Femara) at dose 5mg/kg orally and in Experimental group C rats were given clomiphene citrate at dose 100ug/kg orally. Results: Significant weight gain is observed in rats taking clomiphene citrate as compared to letrozole Conclusion : Comiphene citrate directly affects the body weight which indirectly reduces the ovulation induction and pregnancy rate. Letrozole is good alternate for ovulation induction and for CC resistant patients. Keywords: Estrous cycle, body weight, citrate and letrozole

scholarly journals Antihyperglycemic and Antihyperlipidemic of Karala (Momordica charantia) Fruits in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Hossain ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
D Debnath ◽  
AKMR Alam ◽  
Z Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Higher Doses

To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Momordica charantia (Karala), the aqueous extract of the Karala fruit was tested on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Thirty six albino rats were used in the experiment, 30 diabetic and the remaining six as negative control (T1). Diabetes was induced by administering (injecting) STZ at dose of 55mg/kg body weight. Thirty diabetic animals were randomly divided into five groups such as diabetic control group (T2) without any application of treatment, and groups T3,T4,T5 and T6 were treated with aqueous extract of Karala fruits daily at the doses of 250,    500 and 750mg/kg and glibenclamide (at a dose of 5mg/kg body weight) respectively. The body weight was taken and blood samples were collected from individual animal to determine glucose levels at 15 day interval up to 90 days. In addition, Asparate  Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) were determined at day 15 and at the end of the experiment. All three doses of Karala extracts reduced diabetic induced blood sugar and the reduction is comparable with standard glibenclamide (GLM) dose particularly with higher doses Karala extracts (500 and 750mg). Karala also prevented body weight loss due to induced diabetes as did by GLM treatment.. The treatment also resulted in a significant reduction of Asparate Transaminenase(AST), Alanine Transaminenase(ALT), Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP), Total cholesterol (TCh) and Triglyceride (TGA) activities of treated rats when compared to the STZ induced  diabetic rats. Higher doses of Karala (500 and 750mg/kg) are as effective as standard GLM dose on measured variables. This study demonstrated that Karala has hyperglycemia and antihyperlipidemic effect against STZ induced diabetic rats. These findings open the possibility of using Karala extract to treat diabetic animal and human patients although further research is warranted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i1.11550 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 5(1): 29 - 37, 2012  

scholarly journals Hyperthyroidism-Associated Insulin Resistance Is Not Mediated by Adiponectin Levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsun Chu ◽  
Hing-Chung Lam ◽  
Jenn-Kuen Lee ◽  
Chih-Chen Lu ◽  
Chun-Chin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antithyroid Treatment

To evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease, we studied 19 adult patients with this disease and 19 age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls. All hyperthyroid patients were treated with antithyroid drugs and were re-evaluated after thyroid function normalized. Before antithyroid treatment, the adiponectin plasma concentrations were not different comparing with those in control group. The adiponectin levels remained unchanged after treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in hyperthyroid group was higher before treatment than after treatment. There was no significant difference in serum glucose and insulin levels between hyperthyroid and control groups and in the hyperthyroid group before and after treatment. BMI-adjusted adiponectin levels were not different among three groups. On the other hand, BMI-adjusted insulin levels and HOMA-IR values were significantly decreased after management of hyperthyroidism. Pearson's correlation revealed that insulin and HOMA-IR values positively correlated with triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. However, adiponectin did not correlate with T3, FT4, insulin, HOMA-IR and thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) levels. In conclusion, insulin resistance associated with hyperthyroidism is not mediated by the levels of plasma adiponectin.

Evaluation of Toxicity and Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Flowers of Moringa Oleifera Against Dexamethasone Induced Hyperglycemia in Albino WistarRats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (29) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Sourabh Jain Neha Jain
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract-Diabetes is a defect in the ability of the body to convert glucose (sugar) to energy. Glucose is the main source of energy in our body. When food is digested it is metabolized into fats, proteins, or carbohydrates. Glucose is then transferred to the blood and is used by the cells for energy production. To investigate the antidiabetic effect ethanolic extracts of flowers of Moringa oleifera against dexamethasone induced insulin resistance in wistar albino rats. To study the antidiabetic effect, flowers ofMoringaoleiferawerecollectedandauthenticated, extracted and investigated for acute toxicity and dexamethasone induced hyperglcemia. The animals treated with EEMOF at a dose of 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg prevented the development ofhyperglycemia,hypercholesteremiaandhypertriglyceridemia in dexamethasone induced insulin resistance models. Oral administration of Moringa Oleifera 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg reduces serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterols and LDLconcentration and improve the concentration of HDLin dexamethasone administered rats. The lignin Moringa Oleifera showed significant anti-diabetic effect in rats after oral administration. The present study demonstrated that Moringa Oleifera could be useful in Management of diabetes associated with abnormalities in lipid profiles. Further study need to isolate, identify the active compounds and find out thepossiblemechanismofactions.

scholarly journals ERDOSTEINE: AN EFFECTIVE ANTIOXIDANT FOR PROTECTING COMPLETE FREUND’S ADJUVANT INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
BANYLLA SYNMON ◽  
SANHATIDUTTA ROY ◽  
SUTAPA BISWAS MAJEE ◽  
MEGHNA PAUL ◽  
SANDIPAN DASGUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Complete Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Freund’S Adjuvant ◽  
Complete Freund's Adjuvant ◽  
Freund's Adjuvant

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of Erdosteine on complete freund’s adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic rats. Methods: Wistar Albino rats of 100–250 g were divided into five groups (n=6) and administered with 0.1 ml of CFA subcutaneously into the left hind paw except the negative control group. The standard group received methotrexate (MTX) 0.075 mg/kg body weight orally. Besides, the test groups received Erdosteine orally at a dose 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg bodyweight for 12 days. The changes in body weight, paw volume, hematological parameters, radiographical, and histological findings were the indicators to evaluate the efficacy of the test product. Discussion: Significant change in the body weight, paw volume, radiographical, hematological, and histological parameters were observed which supports the remarkable reduction of the arthritic development in the standard and test groups compared to the untreated group. However, the test group (Erdosteine) with the dose 20 mg/kg shows to be more potent than the test group (Erdosteine) with a dose 10 mg/kg and the standard group (MTX) to reduce the arthritic effect. Results: The test group with 20 mg/kg Erdosteine showed much better outcome than the standard group at significant (p<0.05). Therefore, Erdosteine acting as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant is effective at a dose 20 mg/kg in treating the progression of rheumatoid arthritis in rats.

scholarly journals PO-271 Effects of accumulated exercise with different intensities on insulin resistance in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Zhang ◽  
Songtao Wang ◽  
Fei Liang ◽  
Xiangyu Shuai ◽  
Weibao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Exercise

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week moderate-intensity and high-intensity accumulated exercise on insulin resistance in mice, compared with the moderate intensity continuous exercise with equal workload, which will provide an experimental reference for seeking a more reasonable and effective exercise program to break sedentary behavior and improve metabolic diseases such as IR. Methods Eighty 4-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal diet group (group C) and high-fat diet group (group H), fed with different diet. At the 10th weekend, insulin resistance model was judged by OGTT curve (AUC) and fasting blood glucose. All mice with insulin resistance were randomly divided into four groups: IR control group (IC), IR moderate-intensity continuous exercise group (IE), IR moderate-intensity accumulated exercise group (IM), IR high-intensity accumulated exercise group (IH), retained normal diet control group (C), with 12 mice for each group. All groups were fed with normal feed. The three exercise-related group performed an 8-week’s treadmill exercise program with equal workload (involve preparation and relaxation activities,0°platform slope, 5 days/week). For IE group, mice run 50min continuously with the velocity of 11m/min. For IM group，mice exercised 12.5 min per session, total 4 sessions per day, with 3-hour’s interval and the velocity of 11m/min. The IH group performed an alike exercise program with IM group, except the running speed (19m/min) and exercise time (7.5min). On the 8th weekend of exercise, FBG, OCTT, FINS, HOME- IR, and ISI were tested for each groups. Results 1. Compared with group C, body weight, FBG and OGTT-AUC were significantly increased in group H (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 76% mice were induced to insulin resistance successfully.  2. Before and after exercise intervention of 8 weeks, there were no significant changes in body weight and OGTT-AUC, while the FBG was significantly increased in IC group (P<0.05). Body weight, FBG, and OGTT-AUC significantly decreased in IE group, IM group and IH group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 3. After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the FBG in the IE group, IM group, and IH group were significantly lower than that in C group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IC group, the FBG, FINS, OGTT-AUC, and HOME-IR in IM group, IH group and IE group were lower than those in the IC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the IE group, the body weight and HOME-IR index of IH group were significantly lower than those in IE group (P<0.01). Compared with IH group, the HOME-IR in IH group was lower than that in IM group (P<0.05); There was no significant difference between IM group and IE group. Conclusions 1. Chronic moderate-intensity continuous exercise, moderate-intensity accumulated exercise, and high-intensity accumulated exercise all can effectively improve the glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in IR mice. 2.Compared with moderate-intensity accumulated exercise and moderate-intensity continuous exercise, the high-intensity accumulated exercise with equal workload is more effective in reducing the body weight and improving insulin resistance in IR mice.  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Carrot Pomace (Daucus carota L.) as Hypocholesterolemic and Hypolipidemic Agent on Albino Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Moneim M.R. AFIFY ◽  
Ramy R.M ROMEILAH ◽  
Mahmoud M.H. OSFOR ◽  
Amir S.M. ELBAHNASAWY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet

The current study examined the attenuating influence of dietary carrot pomace powder (CaPP) on hypercholesterolemia and various oxidative stress-associated with biochemical parameters in hypercholesterolemic rats. Thirty two male albino rats weighing 110±10 g were divided into four groups, the first group received the basal diet only and served as (negative control), the second group received the hypercholesterolemic diet and served as positive control, the other groups received hypercholesterolemic diet supplemented with 10%, 20% CaPP for six weeks. The obtained results revealed that groups supplemented with 10% and 20% CaPP significantly decrease total lipid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase compared to positive and negative groups. Organs weight, body weight gain significantly decreased compared with positive control. Moreover dietary carrot pomace powder can used to reduce the body weight and reducing hypercholesterolemic complications. In addition, dietary carrot pomace powder serves to improve the blood picture and to reduce the blood glucose level in hypercholesterolemic rats and could use in obese people for body loss. Data of kidney function (Urea) record an increase in CaPP 20% level (26.9±2.96) but this increase was non significant with the negative control group (26.6±3.1).

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture Mitigates Skeletal Muscular Lipid Metabolism Disorder Related to High-Fat-Diet Induced Insulin Resistance through the AMPK/ACC Signaling Pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixing Li ◽  
Danchun Lan ◽  
Haihua Zhang ◽  
Hongtao Zhang ◽  
Xiaozhuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Metabolism Disorder

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet (HFD) induced insulin resistance (IR) rats and to evaluate expression of AMPK/ACC signaling components. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into control group, HFD group, HFD+Pi (oral gavage of pioglitazone) group, and HFD+EA group. Acupuncture was subcutaneously applied to Zusanli (ST40) and Sanyinjiao (SP6). For Zusanli (ST40) and Sanyinjiao (SP6), needles were connected to an electroacupuncture (EA) apparatus. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method. Plasma fasting insulin (FINS) and adiponectin (ADP) were determined by ELISA. Triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) were determined by Gpo-pap. Proteins of adiponectin receptor 1 (adipoR1), AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) were determined by Western blot, respectively. Compared with the control group, HFD group exhibits increased levels of FPG, FINS, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and decreased level of ADP and insulin sensitivity index (ISI). These changes were reversed by both EA and pioglitazone. Proteins of adipoR1 and AMPK were decreased, while ACC were increased in HFD group compared to control group. Proteins of these molecules were restored back to normal levels upon EA and pioglitazone. EA can improve the insulin sensitivity of insulin resistance rats; the positive regulation of the AMPK/ACC pathway in the skeletal muscle may be a possible mechanism of EA in the treatment of IR.

scholarly journals Dietary fructo-oligosaccharides improve insulin sensitivity along with the suppression of adipocytokine secretion from mesenteric fat cells in rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 1190-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aki Shinoki ◽  
Hiroshi Hara
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Aortic Blood ◽  
Mesenteric Fat

Short-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are known to have beneficial effects on health. However, the effects of FOS on insulin resistance have not been fully clarified. We observed the effects of FOS feeding on insulin sensitivity and adipocytokine release from abdominal adipocytes in weaning rats. Male Sprague–Dawley rats, 3 weeks old, were divided into three groups and fed a sucrose-based American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93 growth diet (control), the control diet containing 5 % FOS for 5 weeks (FOS-5wk) or the control diet for 2 weeks followed by the 5 % FOS diet for 3 weeks (FOS-3wk). Tail blood was collected after fasting for 9 h on day 33 of feeding, and glucose and insulin levels were measured. On the last day, rats were anaesthetised and killed after the collection of aortic blood. Small- and large-intestinal mesenteric fat tissues were immediately excised, and the release of adiponectin, leptin and TNF-α was evaluated from the subsequently isolated adipocytes. The weight of the large-intestinal mesenteric fat, fasting blood insulin level and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance decreased in a time-dependent manner, and were much lower in the FOS-5wk group than in the control group. These values were correlated with aortic blood leptin levels. The secretion rate of leptin from the isolated mesenteric adipocytes in the small intestine, but not in the large intestine, was lower in the FOS-fed groups than in the control group. In conclusion, FOS feeding improved insulin sensitivity accompanied by the reduction in large-intestinal fat mass and leptin secretion from the mesenteric adipocytes of the small intestine.

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