scholarly journals Preexisting Vaccinia Virus Immunity Decreases SIV-Specific Cellular Immunity but Does Not Diminish Humoral Immunity and Efficacy of a DNA/MVA Vaccine

2010 ◽  
Vol 185 (12) ◽  
pp. 7262-7273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kannanganat ◽  
Pragati Nigam ◽  
Vijayakumar Velu ◽  
Patricia L. Earl ◽  
Lilin Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Virus Immunity

INDUCTION OF T-CELL IMMUNE RESPONSE BY A RECOMBINANT STRAIN OF VACCINIA VIRUS EXPRESSING A CASSETTE OF STRUCTURAL PROTEIN'S GENES OF MARBURG VIRUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 174-176
Author(s):  
A.A. Grazhdantseva ◽  
D.V. Antonets ◽  
L.I. Karpenko ◽  
E.V. Starostina ◽  
M.B. Borgoyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Marburg Virus ◽  
Cell Immune Response

The constructed recombinant strain MVA-GP-VP40-MARV, in addition to the induction of humoral immunity, also forms specific cellular immunity to the Marburg virus, and therefore can be considered as a promising vaccine against Marburg fever.

Assessment of cellular immunity in oil production operators with an imbalance of lipid metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 717-719
Author(s):  
Inga N. Alikina ◽  
Olga A. Kazakova
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process

Introduction. Studies indicate the high pathogenetic significance of the immune component in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of immunological parameters in workers of petrochemical production with varying degrees of imbalance in lipid metabolism and the development of the atherosclerotic process. Materials and methods. Men working at an oil production enterprise in the Perm Region were examined. The observation group consisted of oil production operators with a diagnosis of atherosclerosis, the comparison group - with dyslipidemia syndrome. To determine the parameters of lipid metabolism, the results of a biochemical blood test were used. CD-immunogram parameters were identified by flow cytometry. Specific antibodies to benzene were determined by the allergosorbent method. Results. The results of a comparative study of fat metabolism confirmed violations of the physiological ratio of lipids in the blood of oil production workers, which were expressed in a significant imbalance in the levels of lipidogram. There was an increased level of specific IgG antibodies to benzene in the observation group in relation to the comparison group. An imbalance of cellular immunity was found, which was characterized by signs of indicators activation of cellular differentiation clusters. Conclusions. Studies of immune system compartments demonstrate excessive activation of cellular and humoral immunity in oil production workers under the influence of a combination of harmful production factors. The simultaneously formed imbalance of lipid metabolism is associated with various degrees of clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic disorders, with the influence of harmful production factors, aggressiveness of cellular and humoral immunity, and smoking.

scholarly journals ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1972 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 1228-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefik S. Alkan ◽  
E. Brady Williams ◽  
Danute E. Nitecki ◽  
Joel W. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Antibody Production ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
Self Help

L-Tyrosine azobenzene-p-arsonate (RAT) induced cellular immunity without antibody production in guinea pigs. Bifunctional antigens were prepared consisting of one RAT carrier moiety linked either directly to a dinitrophenyl (DNP) haptenic determinant or through one or more 6-amino-caproyl (SAC) spacers. Each SAC unit has an extended span of 8 A. Guinea pigs immunized with these conjugates developed cellular immunity directed against the RAT determinant and antibody specific for the DNP determinant. The anti-DNP response was the same with one or three SAC spacers, but was significantly weaker when the two determinants were joined without a spacer. Animals immunized with either DNP-SAC-TYR or DNP-TYR developed neither cellular nor humoral immunity. Prior immunization with RAT potentiated the secondary anti-hapten response to DNP-SAC-RAT. Modification of RAT at either the arsonate or tyrosine positions showed that other charged groups (sulfonate and trimethylammonium) could substitute for arsonate without loss of immunogenicity. Removal of either the amino or carboxyl group from the side chain of tyrosine did not abolish immunogenicity, but immunogenicity was lost upon removal of both. Immunization with symmetrical bifunctional RAT-(SAC)n-RAT and cyclo-(L-RAT-D-RAT) antigens led to cellular immunity but no anti-arsonate antibody, suggesting a barrier to "self-help." These compounds were also ineffective in inducing a secondary anti-arsonate response in animals primed with arsonate-BSA conjugates and RAT.

scholarly journals Replicating Rather than Nonreplicating Adenovirus-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Recombinant Vaccines Are Better at Eliciting Potent Cellular Immunity and Priming High-Titer Antibodies

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (16) ◽  
pp. 10200-10209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Peng ◽  
Liqun Rejean Wang ◽  
Victor Raúl Gómez-Román ◽  
Alberta Davis-Warren ◽  
David C. Montefiori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Preclinical Trial ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Envelope ◽  
Hiv 1

ABSTRACT A major challenge in combating the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is the development of vaccines capable of inducing potent, persistent cellular immunity and broadly reactive neutralizing antibody responses to HIV type 1 (HIV-1). We report here the results of a preclinical trial using the chimpanzee model to investigate a combination vaccine strategy involving sequential priming immunizations with different serotypes of adenovirus (Ad)/HIV-1MN env/rev recombinants and boosting with an HIV envelope subunit protein, oligomeric HIVSF162 gp140ΔV2. The immunogenicities of replicating and nonreplicating Ad/HIV-1MN env/rev recombinants were compared. Replicating Ad/HIV recombinants were better at eliciting HIV-specific cellular immune responses and better at priming humoral immunity against HIV than nonreplicating Ad-HIV recombinants carrying the same gene insert. Enhanced cellular immunity was manifested by a greater frequency of HIV envelope-specific gamma interferon-secreting peripheral blood lymphocytes and better priming of T-cell proliferative responses. Enhanced humoral immunity was seen in higher anti-envelope binding and neutralizing antibody titers and better induction of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. More animals primed with replicating Ad recombinants mounted neutralizing antibodies against heterologous R5 viruses after one or two booster immunizations with the mismatched oligomeric HIV-1SF162 gp140ΔV2 protein. These results support continued development of the replicating Ad-HIV recombinant vaccine approach and suggest that the use of replicating vectors for other vaccines may prove fruitful.

scholarly journals ANTIGEN RECOGNITION AND THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1972 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 1478-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice E. Bush ◽  
Sefik S. Alkan ◽  
Danute E. Nitecki ◽  
Joel W. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Bifunctional Molecules ◽  
Flexible Spacer ◽  
Self Help

L-Tyrosine-p-azobenzenearsonate (RAT) induces cellular immunity without humoral antibody in guinea pigs. Asymmetric bifunctional antigens composed of one RAT moiety and one dinitrophenyl (DNP) group separated by flexible spacers induce anti-RAT cellular immunity and an anti-DNP humoral response. Symmetrical bifunctional antigens of similar design but comprised of two RAT determinants induce cellular immunity without demonstrable anti-RAT antibody. However, when the flexible spacer is replaced by a rigid decaproline chain, humoral anti-RAT responses are provoked. Since RAT contains both electropositive (azo) and electronegative (arsonate) centers, the failure of bifunctional RAT compounds with flexible spacers to induce humoral immunity might be ascribed either to intramolecular stacking, which compromises their bifunctional character, or to interaction of both determinants with receptors on the same cell surface, which would fail to satisfy the requirement for cooperation. In order to distinguish between these alternatives, symmetrical bifunctional antigens composed of two L-tyrosine-p-azophenyltrimethylammonium (TAT) determinants separated by flexible or rigid spacers were synthesized. TAT is immunogenic and does not cross-react with RAT. Furthermore, it contains only electropositive centers and consequently bifunctional molecules do not undergo intramolecular stacking. Immunization with either flexibly or rigidly spaced bifunctional TAT antigens raised anti-TAT antibody. These results conclusively demonstrate that "self-help," cooperation between bone marrow-derived and thymus-derived lymphocytes of identical or similar specificity, can occur, provided the determinants on the antigen are prevented from associating with each other.

Host Immune Responses Against CT Antigens in Multiple Myeloma Patients.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3492-3492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Lendvai ◽  
Sacha Gnjatic ◽  
Erika Ritter ◽  
Yao-Tseng Chen ◽  
Christina Coughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Type I ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Ct Antigen ◽  
Ct Antigens

Abstract The type I Melanoma Antigen GEne (MAGE) proteins belong to the Cancer-Testis (CT) family of tumor-associated antigens and are widely expressed in solid and hematologic malignancies. They are immunogenic and frequently elicit spontaneous immune responses in patients with CT antigen-expressing tumors, particularly in malignant melanoma. In melanoma patients, there is high concordance between humoral and cellular immunity. Based on these findings, CT antigens are widely investigated as potential antigenic targets for tumor-specific therapeutic vaccines. We previously showed that the type I MAGE proteins CT7 (MAGE-C1), CT10 (MAGE-C2) and MAGE-A3 were commonly detected in primary myeloma specimens, and expression of CT7 and MAGE-A3 was correlated with abnormally elevated plasma cell proliferation. These findings suggest that type I MAGE may be rational targets for vaccine therapy in multiple myeloma. Therefore, it is important to determine if type I MAGE elicit cellular or humoral immune responses in myeloma patients. To investigate this hypothesis, we assessed cellular immunity against CT7 and humoral immunity against a broad panel of CT antigens. To quantify CT7-specific cellular immunity, expanded, polyclonal pools of T cells from the bone marrow, the tumor microenvironment, were co-cultured in interferon gamma (IFNγ) ELISpot assays with autologous antigen-presenting cells (APC) transduced with in vitro transcribed mRNA coding for CT7 or control antigens. CT antigen-specific humoral immunity was examined by ELISA assay using patient serum or plasma and recombinant CT antigens. This analysis demonstrated that 2/9 patients exhibited specific T cell immunity against CT7 in their bone marrow lymphocytes as measured by IFNγ secretion. These same two patients had positive titers for other CT antigens; one for MAGE-A1 (another type I MAGE), the other for SSX-1 (a structurally distinct CT antigen). Interestingly, neither patient had positive serology for CT7. Serum from 16 other myeloma patients did not have detectible antibody titers for a broad panel of CT antigens. These results show that CT antigens are immunogenic in myeloma patients, with cellular responses against CT7 and humoral responses against MAGE-A1 and SSX-1. However, unlike other types of cancer, there appears to be discordance between humoral and cellular immunity against CT7 in multiple myeloma. This may be due in part to the significant derangements of humoral immunity in this disease. These results support further investigation of immunologic therapies targeting type I MAGE in myeloma, especially therapeutic vaccine strategies.

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