Friction Reduction Technology Tailored to Extreme Flow Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoi Quang Trinh ◽  
Yufang Sandra Xia ◽  
Santiago Franco Tamara ◽  
Daniel Perez ◽  
Chigozie Emuchay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Friction Reduction ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Drilling Tools ◽  
The Us ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Valve Assembly ◽  
Difficulty Index

Abstract Non-thru bore drilling tools often feature limited flow range capabilities due to their design complexity. An ever-growing demand in high flow rates required a new technical solution that has the lowest possible pressure drop across the tool. Potential erosion issues as well as consistent functionality of the tool were key design requirements. A new friction reduction technology is presented that addresses the applications with flow rates ranging from low to high. Initial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis suggested the flow split can be executed by restriction at the tail end of the power section. This, however, was challenged by the first test run that took place at 550gpm (5¼-in. tool outside diameter [OD]). While the run objectives were met in its entirety, upon tear down, the early signs of erosion were noticed on the valve assembly. With this evidence on hand, a critical design change was implemented, and as a result, the restriction was moved down the power section to spare the vortex at its tail end. Further improvement was retrofitted to protect the restriction itself with a simple addition of a sleeve. Further field runs were executed with the new tool setup. As the run count progressed, the newly redesigned technology achieved the objectives by delivering effective friction reduction at consistent frequency and pressure drop. It soon became evident that the step change in flow rate did not affect the tool wear and tear. Since its inception the tool has set two field records. The first commercial run marked the fastest curve in the county. As this technology rises to prominence in the US and international markets, more operators are experiencing the savings and lower Authorization For Expenditure (AFEs). The novelty of the design presented in this paper is in the drilling engineer's ability to design and construct wells with increased complexity (high dog leg severity [DLS], directional difficulty index [DDI], extended reach, and multi-lateral) where friction reduction technologies are critical to achieving run objectives. This technology fills a technical gap by meeting the new standards of high torque and flow rates in a compact and robust design. At the time of this writing, no other friction reduction technology meets these tool specifications.

MODELING OF THE DYNAMIC PROCESS RELEASE OF STUCK DRILLING TOOLS BY HYDRO-PULSE METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
K. H. Levchyk ◽  
M. V. Shcherbyna
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Pulse Method ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Rock Layer ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Drilling Tools ◽  
Drill Pipes

A technical solution is proposed for the elimination the grabbing of drilling tool, based on the use of energy due to the circulation of the drilling fluid. The expediency eliminating the grabbing drilling tool using the hydro-impulse method is substantiated. A method of drawing up a mathematical model for the dynamic process of a grabbing string of drill pipes in the case of perturbation of hydro-impulse oscillations in the area of the productive rock layer is developed. The law of longitudinal displacements arising in the trapped string is obtained, which allows choosing the optimal geometrical parameters of the passage channels and the frequency rotational of shutter for these channels. Recommendations for using this method for practical use have been systematized.

The effect of two-phase flow regime on hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a horizontal-tube gas-liquid reactor

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Zahn ◽  
Lothar Ebner ◽  
Kurt Winkler ◽  
Jan Kratochvíl ◽  
Jindřich Zahradník
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Liquid Flow ◽  
Horizontal Tube ◽  
Liquid Holdup ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Type Relation ◽  
Good Agreement

The effect of two-phase flow regime on decisive hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of horizontal-tube gas-liquid reactors (pressure drop, liquid holdup, kLaL) was determined in a cocurrent-flow experimental unit of the length 4.15 m and diameter 0.05 m with air-water system. An adjustable-height weir was installed in the separation chamber at the reactor outlet to simulate the effect of internal baffles on reactor hydrodynamics. Flow regime maps were developed in the whole range of experimental gas and liquid flow rates both for the weirless arrangement and for the weir height 0.05 m, the former being in good agreement with flow-pattern boundaries presented by Mandhane. In the whole range of experi-mental conditions pressure drop data could be well correlated as a function of gas and liquid flow rates by an empirical exponential-type relation with specific sets of coefficients obtained for individual flow regimes from experimental data. Good agreement was observed between values of pressure drop obtained for weirless arrangement and data calculated from the Lockhart-Martinelli correlation while the contribution of weir to the overall pressure drop was well described by a relation proposed for the pressure loss in closed-end tubes. In the region of negligible weir influence values of liquid holdup were again succesfully correlated by the Lockhart-Martinelli relation while the dependence of liquid holdup data on gas and liquid flow rates obtained under conditions of significant weir effect (i.e. at low flow rates of both phases) could be well described by an empirical exponential-type relation. Results of preliminary kLaL measurements confirmed the decisive effect of the rate of energy dissipation on the intensity of interfacial mass transfer in gas-liquid dispersions.

Simultaneous Measuring Method for Both Volumetric Flow Rates of Air-Water Mixture Using a Turbine Flowmeter

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Minemura ◽  
K. Egashira ◽  
K. Ihara ◽  
H. Furuta ◽  
K. Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Field Development ◽  
Turbine Flowmeter

A turbine flowmeter is employed in this study in connection with offshore oil field development, in order to measure simultaneously both the volumetric flow rates of air-water two-phase mixture. Though a conventional turbine flowmeter is generally used to measure the single-phase volumetric flow rate by obtaining the rotational rotor speed, the method proposed additionally reads the pressure drop across the meter. After the pressure drop and rotor speed measured are correlated as functions of the volumetric flow ratio of the air to the whole fluid and the total volumetric flow rate, both the flow rates are iteratively evaluated with the functions on the premise that the liquid density is known. The evaluated flow rates are confirmed to have adequate accuracy, and thus the applicability of the method to oil fields.

scholarly journals The creeping motion of liquid drops through a circular tube of comparable diameter

1975 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Ho ◽  
L. G. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Liquid Drops ◽  
Neutrally Buoyant ◽  
Creeping Motion

The creeping motion through a circular tube of neutrally buoyant Newtonian drops which have an undeformed radius comparable to that of the tube was studied experimentally. Both a Newtonian and a viscoelastic suspending fluid were used in order to determine the influence of viscoelasticity. The extra pressure drop owing to the presence of the suspended drops, the shape and velocity of the drops, and the streamlines of the flow are reported for various viscosity ratios, total flow rates and drop sizes.

scholarly journals Adapting the Forchheimer equation for the flow of air through wheat straw beds

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 463-470
Author(s):  
Djordjije Doder ◽  
Biljana Miljkovic ◽  
Borivoj Stepanov ◽  
Ivan Pesenjanski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Inertial Effects ◽  
Forchheimer Equation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Straw Bale

The paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of air pressure drop while flowing through wheat straw beds. According to Darcy?s law, the smaller the porosity of the bed is, the bigger the pressure drop will be. The investigation was conducted using three different porosities (or three bed densities), and for two different air flow rates. After determining porosity (which is directly measurable), the permeability of straw could be found. For high flow velocities, such as the velocity of air flowing through a straw bale, the Forchheimer equation becomes more relevant as a correction of Darcy?s law with inertial effects included. Otherwise, the permeability tensor depends only on the geometry of the porous medium. With permeability known, the Forchheimer equation coefficients can be easily estimated. These results may be important for the future development of efficient biomass combustion facilities. The measurement methods and facility characteristics are described in more detail.

Two-Phase Flow Behavior in Channels With Sudden Area Change Using Experimental and Computational Approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kotwal ◽  
Che-Hao Yang ◽  
Clement Tang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Area Change

The current study shows computational and experimental analysis of multiphase flows (gas-liquid two-phase flow) in channels with sudden area change. Four test sections used for sudden contraction and expansion of area in experiments and computational analysis. These are 0.5–0.375, 0.5–0.315, 0.5–0.19, 0.5–0.14, inversely true for expansion channels. Liquid Flow rates ranging from 0.005 kg/s to 0.03 kg/s employed, while gas flow rates ranging from 0.00049 kg/s to 0.029 kg/s implemented. First, single-phase flow consists of only water, and second two-phase Nitrogen-Water mixture flow analyzed experimentally and computationally. For Single-phase flow, two mathematical models used for comparison: the two transport equations k-epsilon turbulence model (K-Epsilon), and the five transport equations Reynolds stress turbulence interaction model (RSM). A Eulerian-Eulerian multiphase approach and the RSM mathematical model developed for two-phase gas-liquid flows based on current experimental data. As area changes, the pressure drop observed, which is directly proportional to the Reynolds number. The computational analysis can show precise prediction and a good agreement with experimental data when area ratio and pressure differences are smaller for laminar and turbulent flows in circular geometries. During two-phase flows, the pressure drop generated shows reasonable dependence on void fraction parameter, regardless of numerical analysis and experimental analysis.

Pressure Drop, Air Entrainment and Moments of the Axial Velocity in the Laminar-Turbulent Transition Jet Flow in Domestic Gas Injectors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Alexander Carrillo Ibañez ◽  
Márcio Demétrio ◽  
Amir Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Axial Velocity ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Mixing Layer ◽  
Air Entrainment ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Free Jet ◽  
Internal Mixing

Abstract This works aims at characterizing the flow in the outlet of three gas injectors used in atmospheric burners and developing correlations for the discharge coefficient, air entrainment, momentum and energy flow rates. These devices have millimeter sized orifices, a cup-like region at the injector outlet and the flow occurs in the transition from the laminar to the fully turbulent regimes. The pressure drop was measured and correlated as a function of the orifice Reynolds number for the three injectors. The correlations are able to predict the discharge coefficient within ± 5% deviation from the measurements in the range 90 < Re < 4400. The axial velocity and turbulent intensity were measured at the outlet of the injectors using a hot-wire anemometer at the orifice Reynolds number of 3060, which is typical of the applications. The measurements were compared to CFD solutions using the gamma - Re-theta RANS transition model in the STAR-CCM+ commercial package. The results indicate the strong influence of the shape of the outlet cup-like region of the injectors in the development of an internal mixing layer and the external mixing layer in the free jet. The momentum and energy flow rates for the injector model with the largest cup are reduced to 50% and 21%, respectively, of the simplest gas injector. However, the gas jet in this injector carries 28% of the stoichiometric air before leaving the cup. These aspects must be taken into account in the preliminary design of atmospheric burners.

scholarly journals An interlocking side mill with retrofittable carbide blades for processing of coarse-pitch tooth wheels

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Evgeniy V. Artamonov ◽  
Vitaliy V. Kireev ◽  
Vitaliy A. Zyryanov
Keyword(s):  
Hard Alloy ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Quality Tool

Nowadays Russian manufacturers of metal-cutting tools for machine-building industry do not offer structures of prefabricated cutting hobs with retrofittable carbide blades for processing of tooth wheels, though usage of retrofittable carbide blades allows to increase significantly working capacity and productivity of the processing. As of today creation of an assembly cutting tool for processing of tooth wheels with the retrofittable carbide blades is a big step forward for machine-building industry. A high quality tool allows warranting for a new equipment and making work of operators more productive. This paper offers a new technical solution providing increase of efficiency of processing by assembly tools with the retrofittable carbide blades made of a hard alloy. Due to usage of progressive cutting patterns division of a margin for straight-line segments and curved sections is performed. This division has a positive impact on cutting hard-alloy inserts and also reduces their wear and tear.

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