Novel Experimental Method to Determine the Performance of Vacuum Insulated Tubing VIT for Deepwater Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.. Ceyhan ◽  
S.. Vasantharajan ◽  
P. V. Suryanarayana ◽  
U. B. Sathuvalli ◽  
A.. Helou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Geothermal Wells ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Measured Flow ◽  
Annular Pressure Buildup ◽  
Data Reduction Method ◽  
Analytical Tools

Abstract Vacuum insulated tubing (VIT) is a specialized tubular designed to minimize heat loss from production or injection fluids to the environment in oil, gas and geothermal wells. VIT strings are used in deepwater wells for flow assurance or to mitigate annular pressure buildup. VIT use requires accurate knowledge of its insulating performance. Although VIT performance can be estimated from analytical tools, such as finite element analysis (FEA), an experimental approach provides a more direct measurement and can be used to validate analytical tools. We have developed a new experimental method to address this need. In this method, one or two VIT joints are placed in an ice-water bath. A precisely measured flow of heated air flows inside the VIT. The temperature change of the flowing air is measured between the inlet and outlet of the VIT test specimen. The insulating performance of the VIT is then calculated from this temperature difference using heat exchanger theory with effectiveness-number of transfer units (&#ξ03B5;-NTU) approach. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is used to control the air temperature at the VIT inlet by regulating power to the heater. This paper illustrates the data reduction method and uncertainty analysis using sample test data. The method allows for rapid measurement of VIT performance at many different temperatures, with the air flow rate being used to optimize the test sensitivity and to reduce experimental uncertainty. As currently designed, the apparatus is able to test single- and double-joint VITs with effective body conductivities between 0.002-0.1 W/m/°C (0.001-0.06 Btu/hr/ft/°F) and temperatures up to 400°C (750°F); however, the design allows the apparatus to be modified easily for higher or lower conductivities. Although designed for VIT, this method may be applied to other types of tubulars. Currently, there is no widely accepted standard method for experimental testing of VIT performance, and it is hoped that this new method may evolve to an industry standard.

scholarly journals Design of a Unique Device for Residual Stresses Quantification by the Drilling Method Combining the PhotoStress and Digital Image Correlation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pástor ◽  
Martin Hagara ◽  
Ivan Virgala ◽  
Adam Kaľavský ◽  
Alžbeta Sapietová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Hole Drilling ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

This paper presents a uniquely designed device combining the hole-drilling technique with two optical systems based on the PhotoStress and digital image correlation (DIC) method, where the digital image correlation system moves with the cutting tool. The authors aimed to verify whether the accuracy of the drilled hole according to ASTM E837-13a standard and the positioning accuracy of the device were sufficient to achieve accurate results. The experimental testing was performed on a thin specimen made from strain sensitive coating PS-1D, which allowed comparison of the results obtained by both methods. Although application of the PhotoStress method allows analysis of the strains at the edge of the cut hole, it requires a lot of experimenter’s practical skills to assess the results correctly. On the other hand, the DIC method allows digital processing of the measured data. However, the problem is not only to determine the data at the edge of the hole, the results also significantly depend on the smoothing levels used. The quantitative comparison of the results obtained was performed using finite element analysis.

On-Site Experimental Testing to Study the Vibration of Composite Floors

2014 ◽  
Vol 601 ◽  
pp. 231-234
Author(s):  
Cristian Lucian Ghindea ◽  
Dan Cretu ◽  
Monica Popescu ◽  
Radu Cruciat ◽  
Elena Tulei
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Composite Floors

As a general trend, in order to reduce material consumption or to reduce the mass of the structures, composite floor slabs solutions are used to achieve large spans floor slabs. This solutions led to floors sensitive to vibrations induced generally by human activities. As a verification of the design concepts of the composite floors, usually, it is recommended a further examination of the floor after completion by experimental tests. Although the experimental values of the dynamic response of the floor are uniquely determined, the processing can take two directions of evaluation. The first direction consist in determining the dynamic characteristics of the floor and their comparison with the design values. Another way that can be followed in the processing of the experimental results is to consider the human perception and comfort to the vibration on floors. The paper aims to present a case study on a composite floor, with steel beams and concrete slab, tested on-site. Both aspects of data processing are analyzed, in terms of the structural element, and in terms of the effect on human perception and comfort. Experimentally obtained values for the dynamic characteristics of the floor are compared with numerical values from finite element analysis, while the second type of characteristic values are compared with various human comfort threshold values found in international standards.

scholarly journals Analysis for Wrinkling Behavior of Girth-Welded Line Pipe

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz T. Souza ◽  
David W. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
New Era ◽  
Analytical Tools

The paper presents results for finite element analysis of full-sized girth-welded specimens of line pipe and compares these results with the behavior exhibited by test specimens subjected to constant axial force, internal pressure and monotonically increasing curvatures. Recommendations for the ‘best’ type of analytical finite element model are given. Comparisons between the behavior predicted analytically and the observed behavior of the experimental test specimens are made. The mechanism of wrinkling is explained and the evolution of the deformed configurations for different wrinkling modes is examined. It is concluded that the analytical tools now available are sufficiently reliable to predict the behavior of pipe in a manner that was not previously possible and that this should create a new era for the design and assessment of pipelines if the technology is properly exploited by industry.

scholarly journals Fatigue crack detection in pipes with multiple mode nonlinear guided waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqi Guan ◽  
Ye Lu ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Zhongqing Su
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Guided Waves ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Harmonic Wave ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Fatigue Crack Detection ◽  
Wave Modes

This study elaborates fundamental differences in fatigue crack detection using nonlinear guided waves between plate and pipe structures and provides an effective approach for analysing nonlinearity in pipe structures. For this purpose, guided wave propagation and interaction with microcrack in a pipe structure, which introduced a contact acoustic nonlinearity, was analysed through a finite element analysis in which the material nonlinearity was also included. To validate the simulation results, experimental testing was performed using piezoelectric transducers to generate guided waves in a specimen with a fatigue crack. Both methods revealed that the second harmonic wave generated by the breathing behaviour of the microcrack in a pipe had multiple wave modes, unlike the plate scenario using nonlinear guided waves. Therefore, a proper index which considered all the generated wave modes due to the microcrack was developed to quantify the nonlinearity, facilitating the identification of microscale damage and further assessment of the severity of the damage in pipe structures.

Design of an Air-Cooled Radial Turbine: Part 1 — Computational Modelling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Tomasz Duda ◽  
James A. Scobie ◽  
Carl M. Sangan ◽  
Colin D. Copeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Topology Optimisation ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Radial Turbine

This paper is part of a two-part publication that aims to design, simulate and test an internally air cooled radial turbine. To achieve this, the additive manufacturing process, Selective Laser Melting (SLM), was utilized to allow internal cooling passages within the blades and hub. This is, to the authors’ knowledge, the first publication in the open literature to demonstrate an SLM manufactured, cooled concept applied to a small radial turbine. In this paper, the internally cooled radial turbine was investigated using a Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) numerical simulation. Topology Optimisation was also implemented to understand the areas of the wheel that could be used safely for cooling. In addition, the aerodynamic loss and efficiency of the design was compared to a baseline non-cooled wheel. The experimental work is detailed in Part 2 of this two-part publication. Given that the aim was to test the rotor under representative operating conditions, the material properties were provided by the SLM technology collaborator. The boundary conditions for the numerical simulation were derived from the experimental testing where the inlet temperature was set to 1023 K. A polyhedral unstructured mesh made the meshing of internal coolant plenums including the detailed supporting structures possible. The simulation demonstrated that the highest temperature at the blade leading edge was 117 K lower than the uncooled turbine. The coolant mass flow required by turbine was 2.5% of the mainstream flow to achieve this temperature drop. The inertia of the turbine was also reduced by 20% due to the removal of mass required for the internal coolant plenums. The fluid fields in both the coolant channels and downstream of the cooled rotor were analyzed to determine the aerodynamic influence on the temperature distribution. Furthermore, the solid stress distribution inside the rotor was analyzed using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) coupled with the CFD results.

Computational Process Simulation and Energy Parameter Analysis From Mechanical Deformation of Aerospace Alunimum Alloys

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Fragomeni ◽  
Giridhar Venugopal
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Energy Parameter ◽  
True Stress ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Strain Hardening Exponent ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Buckling Strength

Many systems that work on the processing of energy can be modeled in terms of that energy. The energy that is given to the system may be stored or dissipated in the form of heat. It was proposed to extend this concept to attainment of critical level of stored energy and/or dissipated energy for occurrence of buckling of a metal column under compressive loading. The fact that Energy Factor Parameter (E.F.P.) computed from the experimental true stress-true strain values, suddenly decreased and approached value close to zero indicated either buckling and/or softening, but deviated with the E.F.P. computed from the theoretical true stress and true strain values. The 7050-T7451 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr) and Al-Li-Cu aluminum alloys in longitudinal and transverse grain orientations were compression tested for mechanical properties of yield strength, buckling strength, strength coefficient, strain hardening exponent. Correlation between ratio of buckling strength and yield strength with aging time for preaged ASTM compression specimens was established. The compression deformation of aluminum alloy 7050 was modeled using finite element analysis, with the experimental testing parameters and the database in the software package.

Finite Element Analysis of the Stress on Cylinder of the Fluidized Bed Reactor for Fast Pyrolysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 660-663
Author(s):  
Qing Ruo Xie ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Li Wen Zheng ◽  
Hu Qi Wang ◽  
Zhang Fa Tong
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ansys Analysis ◽  
Different Temperatures

A new experimental fluidized bed reactor was investigated and designed which has been widely utilized for fast pyrolysis under different temperatures (T=727–973 K).The stresses of the reactor cylinder are analyzed using finite element method(FEM, ANSYS Inc., U.S.A ) based on the safety assessment, and the cylinder is designed for installing scheme. The result of ANSYS analysis shows that the stress unstable positions are nearby both ends of the cylinder. The results of analysis are shown that the designing stresses are not beyond the allow able ones. So the designing parameters can possess sufficient reliability, and the design scheme can completely satisfy the strength requirement. Certainty of the stress could offered the valuable instruction for the application of the equipment on industrial scale-up.

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Testing of Stiffness of the Sarafix External Fixator

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 1598-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mešić Elmedin ◽  
Avdić Vahid ◽  
Pervan Nedim ◽  
Repčić Nedžad
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Element Analysis

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of the Multilayered Honeycomb Composite Material Subjected to Impact Loading

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul Cormos ◽  
Horia Petrescu ◽  
Anton Hadar ◽  
Gorge Mihail Adir ◽  
Horia Gheorghiu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Different Levels

The main purpose of this paper is the study the behavior of four multilayered composite material configurations subjected to different levels of low velocity impacts, in the linear elastc domain of the materials, using experimental testing and finite element simulation. The experimental results obtained after testing, are used to validate the finite element models of the four composite multilayered honeycomb structures, which makes possible the study, using only the finite element method, of these composite materials for a give application.

Temperature effect on the tensile behaviors of carbon/polyimide composite laminate

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (24) ◽  
pp. 4592-4602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Purong Jia ◽  
Wenge Pan
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermomechanical Coupling ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Dimensional Finite Element ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

Experimental and numerical investigations were carried out to study the temperature effect on the stiffness, strength, and failure behaviors of carbon/polyimide composite laminates. Both unnotched laminates and open-hole laminates were tested under tension load at three temperatures (room temperature, 200 ℃, and 250 ℃). A three-dimensional finite element analysis was carried out to study the thermomechanical coupling behavior in the notched laminate. The model considers each layer and interface as a single element in the thickness direction so that in-plane stress and interlaminar stress could be analyzed in the model. The stresses around the open-hole changing characteristics with the temperature and tensile loading have been discussed in detail. Failure analysis was carried out to predict the residual strength of the notched laminates at different temperatures. Compared to the experimental data, the numerical results have an excellent agreement.

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