LNG Loading Lines High Surge Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Arnida Abdul Talip ◽  
Shahrul Azman Zainal Abidin ◽  
Ir Fadzrul Izwan M Ali
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Momentum Change ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Change Direction ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Pressure Surge

Abstract Proper design of LNG loading lines and verification of emergency shutdown (ESD) interlock systems are critical in ensuring overall safety of the LNG facility. During an emergency, ESD interlock is activated with ESD valves closure initiated simultaneously with all loading pumps trip and the kickback valves open. During the ESD valves closure, the pipeline can be exposed to a risk of high surge pressures exerted onto the wall. A pressure surge or liquid hammering phenomenon in piping systems can be caused by a fluid in motion forced to stop or change direction suddenly (rapid momentum change) and also due to cavitation effect. Cavitation is caused by the formation and instantaneous collapse of vapour bubbles. The collapsing bubbles exert severe localized impact forces that can result in pressure surges. This paper discusses the methodology used to evaluate any potential occurrence of surge and the peak pressure associated with it, using several case studies for analysis. This paper also shares best practice identified from the study to facilitate with safe operations at an LNG loading facility.

Innovative Upgrading of Heritage Buildings: Structural Case Studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kribanandan Gurusamy Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Fair Share ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Structural Case

<p>The challenge of integrating old and new in the development of urban spaces is constrained by commercial realities and an ignorance of the value of maintaining historical relevance as society develops. Malaysia has had its fair share of such historical gems being destroyed without much consideration for heritage but there also exists significant projects where proper design and engineering have been applied for conservation and adaptive reuse.</p><p>In this paper innovative options for structural upgrading of masonry buildings is considered using techniques which provide a basis for achieving structural integrity without compromising the visual appearance and historical value. This includes examples of a shop house upgraded following significant settlement due to adjacent construction and an adaptive reuse of a school which was converted into a theatre.</p>

Managing Public Services Innovation

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Walker ◽  
Emma L. Jeanes ◽  
Robert O. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Housing Association ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Evidence Based Policy ◽  
Services Innovation ◽  
Longitudinal Case Studies

<i>Managing Public Services Innovation</i> provides an in-depth exploration of innovation and its management in the housing association sector. Drawing on longitudinal case studies and data sets, it explores techniques to develop evidence-based policy in the housing association sector, and makes recommendations for best practice.

scholarly journals Case Studies: A Brief Introduction and Suggested Guidelines for the Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Emma Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Teaching Cases ◽  
Parent Discipline

Case studies are a common teaching and learning tool within entrepreneurship and its parent discipline, business, as a method of bringing the nuances of realism to complex theoretical problems. However, within the arts entrepreneurship field, they are used less frequently for pedagogical purposes and often with hesitation. Consequently, in this guide to the Case Study Edition, I aim to briefly: provide a rationale for using case studies in arts entrepreneurship education; illustrate what makes a good case study; highlight the mechanics of writing case studies by clearly outlining the expectations of a submission to JAEE for both traditional research cases and teaching cases; summarize the cases within this special issue and highlight why they demonstrate best practice example cases.

Complex Subsurface Well Abandonments Using Relief Well Methodologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Dorey ◽  
Georgy Rassadkin ◽  
Douglas Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Seepage ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Well Abandonment ◽  
Efficient Option ◽  
Practice Methods

Abstract The field experience in the continental US suggests that approximately 33% of plug and abandonment operations are non-routine, and 5% require re-entry (Greer C.R., 2018). In some scenarios, the most cost-efficient option for the intervention is drilling an intercept well to re-enter the target well or multiple wells externally using advanced survey management and magnetic ranging techniques. This paper presents the methods applied of relief well methodologies from the planning to execution of a complex multiple-well abandonment project. Improvements in Active Magnetic Ranging sensor design and applications have improved the availability of highly precise tools for the purpose of locating and intercepting wellbores where access is not possible. These instruments were commonplace on relief well interventions, however, have found a new application in solving one of the major issues facing the oil and gas industry. Subsurface abandonments are a complex task that requires a robust methodology. In this paper, we describe the techniques that have been built upon the best practices from industry experience (ISCWSA WISC eBook). This paper also illustrates how the combination of advanced survey management, gyro surveying, and magnetic ranging can be used following the best industry practices for fast and cost-efficient non-routine plug and abandonment. Case studies of several abandonment projects are presented showing the various technical challenges which are common on idle and legacy wells. The projects include wells that are currently under the ownership of an operator and orphaned wells that have been insufficiently abandoned and left idle over many decades. The case studies outline how the application of relief well methodologies to the execution of complex sub surface interventions led to the successful outcomes of meeting environmental and government regulations for wellbore abandonment. This includes performing multiple zonal isolations between reservoirs, water zones and preventing oil and gas seepage to the surface. The projects and their outcomes prove economically viable strategies for tackling the growing issue of idle and orphaned wells globally in a fiscally responsible manner. Combining industry best practice methods for relief well drilling, along with the technological advancements in magnetic ranging systems is a solution for one of the largest dilemmas facing the oil and gas industry in relation to idle and orphaned wellbores. These applications allow previously considered impossible abandonments to be completed with a high probability of long-term success in permanent abandonment.

Kedudukan WTO Valuation Agreement Dan Perjanjian Internasional Yang Mengatur Teknis Pelaksanaannya Ditinjau Dari Teori Keberlakuan Hukum Internasional

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Advisory Opinion

Terdapat permasalahan pengaturan nilai pabean dalam Undang-undang Kepabeanan dimana hanya memuat satu pasal tentang definisi nilai pabean dan aturan metode penilaian alternatif. Berbagai ketentuan lainnya dalam WTO Valuation Agreement tidak tercantum dalam Undang-undang Kepabeanan. untuk memberikan kejelasan tentang kedudukan hukum WTO Valuation Agreement dan berbagai instrument Internasional yang mengatur nilai pabean harus dikaji dengan teori keberlakuan hukum Internasional. Ditinjau dari teori keberlakuan hukum internasional disimpulkan bahwa WTO Valuation agreement telah diratifikasi dengan Undang-undang pengesahan WTO dan ditransformasikan dengan Undang-Undanf Kepabeanan. Demikian juga atas WTO Ministrerial Decision walaupun terpisah dari WTO Valuation Agreement, karena merupakan bagian dari WTO Agreement maka status keberlakukan dan kekuatan hukumnya sama dengan WTO Valuation agreement. Adapun terhadap produk-produk hukum World Customs Organization (WCO) berupa Advisory Opinion, Commentaries, Explanatory Notes, dan Case Studies  tidak mensyaratkan pengesahan dalam pemberlakuannya, karena memuat materi yang bersifat teknis atau suatu pelaksana teknis terhadap perjanjian induk. Dalam praktek dapat dijadikan pertimbangan hakim karena materi yang terkandung didalamnya dianggap sebagai international best practice. Terdapat permasalahan pengaturan nilai pabean dalam Undang-undang Kepabeanan dimana hanya memuat satu pasal tentang definisi nilai pabean dan aturan metode penilaian alternatif. Berbagai ketentuan lainnya dalam WTO Valuation Agreement tidak tercantum dalam Undang-undang Kepabeanan. untuk memberikan kejelasan tentang kedudukan hukum WTO Valuation Agreement dan berbagai instrument Internasional yang mengatur nilai pabean harus dikaji dengan teori keberlakuan hukum Internasional. Ditinjau dari teori keberlakuan hukum internasional disimpulkan bahwa WTO Valuation agreement telah diratifikasi dengan Undang-undang pengesahan WTO dan ditransformasikan dengan Undang-Undanf Kepabeanan. Demikian juga atas WTO Ministrerial Decision walaupun terpisah dari WTO Valuation Agreement, karena merupakan bagian dari WTO Agreement maka status keberlakukan dan kekuatan hukumnya sama dengan WTO Valuation agreement. Adapun terhadap produk-produk hukum World Customs Organization (WCO) berupa Advisory Opinion, Commentaries, Explanatory Notes, dan Case Studies  tidak mensyaratkan pengesahan dalam pemberlakuannya, karena memuat materi yang bersifat teknis atau suatu pelaksana teknis terhadap perjanjian induk. Dalam praktek dapat dijadikan pertimbangan hakim karena materi yang terkandung didalamnya dianggap sebagai international best practice.  

scholarly journals The Significance of IoT Technology in Improving Logistical Processes and Enhancing Competitiveness: A Case Study on the World’s and Slovakia’s Wood-Processing Enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7804
Author(s):  
Dominika Šulyová ◽  
Gabriel Koman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Research Activities

The wood-processing industry currently does not sufficiently use modern technologies, unlike the automotive sector. The primary motive for writing this article was in cooperation with a Slovak wood processing company, which wanted to improve its logistics processes and increase competitiveness in the wood processing sector through the implementation of new technologies. The aim of this article was to identify the positives and limitations of the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technology into the wood processing industry, based on a secondary analysis of case studies and the best practice of American wood processing companies such as West Fraser Timber in Canada, and Weyerhaeuser in the USA. The selection of case studies was conditional on criteria of time relevance, size of the sawmills, and production volume in m3. These conditional criteria reflected the conditions for the introduction of similar concepts for wood-processing enterprises in Slovakia. The implementation of the IoT can reduce operating costs by up to 20%, increase added value for customers, and collect real-time data that can serve as the basis for support of management and decision-making at the operational, tactical, and strategic levels. In addition to the secondary analysis, methods of comparison of global wood processing companies, synthesis of knowledge, and summarization of positives and limitations of IoT implementation or deduction were used to reach our conclusions. The results were used as the basis for the design of a general model for the implementation of IoT technology for Slovak wood processing enterprises. This model may represent best practice for the selected locality and industry. The implications and verification of the designed model in practice will form part of other research activities, already underway in the form of a primary survey.

Mechanical Seal Efficiency Considerations for Pumps in Utilities: Economics of Seals vs. Packing, and Savings With Best Available Seal Flush Arrangements

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Smith ◽  
Alan Roddis ◽  
Heinz P. Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Mechanical Seal ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Power Generators ◽  
Water Pumps

Applicable industrial standards for centrifugal pumps endorse several different sealing options as “best practice.” However, the overall acceptance of best practice techniques seems slow and is linked to the fact that sealing devices account for only a small fraction of the energy consumed by pumps. Yet, regardless of perception, significant energy conservation has been achieved by thoughtful sealing practices, as this paper will show. It will highlight case studies that provide guidance on issues of increasing technical and societal concerns relating to fluid emissions. Special attention will be directed to barrier fluid circulation devices used in dual mechanical seal arrangements as described by API-682 (Ref.1), a Standard widely used in the oil refining and petrochemical industries. The applicability of these ciculation devices to the Power Industry will be explained. Comparisons of three of the most widely used conventional integral flow induction/pumping ring devices will be made and the results of extensive testing presented. The paper and presentation also quantifies the value of advanced sealing technologies for pumps and highlights configurational differences between the newer and the more traditional (older) devices. Without exception, international utilities and power producers know that both energy and maintenance expenditures are affected by availability and reliability considerations relating to power generators and their turbine drivers. But feed water pumps and cooling water issues play their part as well. Consequently, a measure of attention has been given to “other big ticket items”, such as cooling tower losses and the like. However, there is compelling evidence that additional, less prominent or less obvious opportunities exist and that these can no longer be overlooked. Pump sealing falls into that category, although sealing devices and seal cooling account for only a small fraction of the energy consumed by pumps. In can be readily shown that significant energy savings have been achieved by thoughtful sealing practices. The general narrative and the implications conveyed by our case studies give visibility to the issues and provide guidance to the user.

Brittle Fracture Assessments on Piping Systems: MSOT Curves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishita Chakraborty ◽  
Kannan Subramanian ◽  
Jorge Penso
Keyword(s):  
Brittle Fracture ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Plant Personnel ◽  
Safe Operating

Abstract Brittle fracture assessments (BFAs) of pressure vessels based on API 579-1/ASME FFS-1, Section 3 procedures are frequently easier and more straightforward to implement in comparison to the BFAs on piping systems. Specifically, the development of the MSOT curves. This is due to the complexities involved in the piping systems due to the branch piping interactions, end conditions of piping systems such as nozzle flexibilities at the pressure vessel connections, temperature changes in the length of piping especially when the piping is significantly long as seen in flare header piping systems. MSOT curves that are alternatively used for MAT curves provide a better picture to the plant personnel in understanding the safe operating envelope. Development of MSOT curves is an iterative process and therefore involves significant number of piping stress analyses during their development. In this paper, an approach to develop the MSOT curves is discussed with two case studies that are of relevance to olefin plants.

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