Troll Phase 3: The Next Step for a Groundbreaking Giant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Laastad ◽  
Knut Ellevog ◽  
Roger Oen Jensen ◽  
Torstein Tveit ◽  
Eirik Torgrimsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Production System ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Subsea Production System ◽  
Selection Phase

Abstract An important driver for maximizing value creation for the Troll Phase 3 gas project offshore Norway was to identify means to reduce the pressure drop in the value chain from the reservoir to the onshore terminal. Using a design-to-cost approach in the concept selection phase, this has affected design of the wells, subsea production system, pipeline and the new inlet separator on the Troll A platform; all of which have been designed to preserve the energy from the reservoir as much as possible. The final design has enabled a significant increase of the project value by accelerated gas deliveries, reduction of the energy consumption and thus lowering the CO2 emissions. Calculations show that 1 bar pressure drop in the Troll Phase 3 value chain increases the project NPV (8%, pretax) with approx. 45 Million USD and reduces the power consumption by 11 GWh/year. The well tubing size was increased to 9 5/8", reducing the required number of wells by ~40%. Factoring both wells and subsea facilities, this optimized well concept alone represents a total cost saving of nearly 300 million USD. The project has piloted a modification to the Vertical X-Mas Tree (VXT) design featuring an increase from 5 1/8" to a 7" production wing outlet to minimize the pressure drop across the subsea production system. This VXT design has become the new company standard for gas field developments. The big bore wells and subsea production system design also ensures acceptable gas velocities in the late production phase with low reservoir pressure. The total reduced pressure drop obtained through these and other measures is estimated to 19 bar, realizing a project NPV improvement of approx. 850 million USD (8%, pretax).

The Research on the Factory Accept Test Technology of Subsea PLET

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 1619-1623
Author(s):  
Xiao Lei Zhao ◽  
Le Ping Chu ◽  
Xing Wei Guo ◽  
Guo He Yu ◽  
Jin Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Production System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Subsea Production System ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Embedded Type ◽  
Offshore Oil

With the development of offshore oil and gas field enters into deep water constantly, subsea production system has become the main development mode in deep water development. Pipeline End Termination (PLET) is common facilities in subsea production system and is used to provide subsea tieback interface. An embedded type PLET has been adopted in Panyu 35-1/35-2 Gas field with the water depth of 194 to 338 m. Factory Accept Test (FAT) is very important for the subsea production facilities, and the references is very limited due to technical security. This paper in detail states the flow chart, master equipment, purpose and precautions for each test of FAT for PLET, which collects great technology for the development of subsea production system.

The Study on the SIT Technology of Subsea ILM

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 975-979
Author(s):  
Xiao Lei Zhao ◽  
Zhi Xing Wu ◽  
Le Ping Chu ◽  
Xing Wei Guo ◽  
Jin Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Production System ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Subsea Production System

With the development of offshore oil and gas field enters into deep water constantly, subsea production system has become the main development mode in deep water development. Subsea Inline manifold (ILM) is common facilities in subsea production system and is used to gather oil and gas from the side subsea wells. Two subsea ILMs has been adopted in Panyu 35-1/35-2 Gas field with water depth range from 194 to 338 m in South China Sea. System integration test (SIT) is very important for the subsea production facilities. This paper states the flow chart, master equipment, purpose and precautions for each test of ILM SIT, which collects great technology for the development of subsea production system.

Development of API 11D1 and API 19AC Validation Grade V0 Barrier-Qualified Gravel Pack System for Troll Phase 3 Big-Bore, High-Rate Gas Completions on the Norwegian Continental Shelf

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C Hammer ◽  
Tom D Gonzalez ◽  
Herb P Dhuet ◽  
Hege Andresen ◽  
Siv Merete M Sunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
System Development ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Gas Tight ◽  
Gravel Pack

Abstract The Troll Phase 3 (TP3) wells were designed to enable high gas rates and sand free production for an expected lifetime of 40 years with a minimum pressure drop. By taking reservoir and production properties into account, open-hole gravel pack (GP) sand screens in the lower completion and big bore tubing in the upper completion were selected. To further reduce the pressure loss in the well, reduce rig time and cost, and reduce deployment risks, eliminating the intermediate completion was proposed. Traditionally, an intermediate completion is required to serve as a gas-tight barrier for running of the upper completion, mainly due to historical limitations of the GP extension (GP sleeve) not being a barrier qualified to API 19AC Validation grade V0 (referred to as V0 hereafter) after pumping sand slurry through it (post-erosion). An extensive qualification program was completed to qualify the GP system to API 11D1 and API 19AC V0 for use as a gas-tight barrier post-erosion. This allows the GP system to serve as a primary barrier while installing the upper completion and temporarily abandoning the well. The GP packer was qualified to API 11D1 V0 with the additional requirement to perform entire qualification in as-rolled casing and including a plug-in-tailpipe load case. The GP sleeve provided the most technically challenging requirements: a full-scale erosion test, immediate closure of the sleeve after pumping operation, followed by API 19AC Annex A V0 validation. Challenges were encountered trying to meet the rigorous V0 (zero bubble) acceptance criteria post-erosion. A significantly different approach was developed to achieve gas-tight performance in debris-laden environments. The new design successfully passed the post-erosion API 19AC V0 qualification to the full rating of the GP sleeve. The GP system development and qualification enabled the industry-first V0 post-erosion GP system for Equinor, which eliminates the need for an intermediate completion. This state-of-the-art gravel pack system enabled the simplified high gas rate, big-bore well design, not previously possible given well barrier considerations. The reduced pressure drop across the lower completion is expected to yield a higher gas production rate for the 40 years expected well life, contributing significant value to the TP3 project.

Reliability Modelling of Subsea Cluster Manifolds Based on the Fault Tree Analysis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Fangqiu Li ◽  
Menglan Duan ◽  
Houfa Liu ◽  
Jiandong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fault Tree ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Reliability Modelling ◽  
South Sea ◽  
Subsea Production System

The cluster manifold becomes an essential part in a subsea production system and it has been widely used in the development of ultra-deepwater oil and gas fields. One hand, it can gather the production fluid from subsea wells. On the other hand, it can distribute water, gas and chemical agents from the floating production system to each subsea well. Hence, the failure of subsea cluster manifolds may not only lead to the stagnation of production wells and economic losses but also cause environmental pollution and human health in severe cases. Therefore, the reliability of subsea cluster manifolds is quite of importance and it should be studied for the safety service of the subsea production system. Based on the fault tree analysis (FTA), this paper will discuss the failure cause of six well slots subsea cluster manifolds in LiWan 3-1 gas field in China South Sea. Considering the pipeline structure, control system and flow assurance, the fault trees of subsea cluster manifolds are built. Meanwhile, the importance degrees of each elementary event are ranked orderly and the minimum cut sets are obtained through analyzing the structure important of the FTA. The failure major reasons are obtained and the preventive measures are proposed, which could have some guiding significance for the operations of subsea cluster manifolds system in China South Sea.

The Development and Application of Virtual Flow Metering System in Offshore Gas Field

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Jing Gong ◽  
Haihao Wu ◽  
Qingpin Li
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Production System ◽  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Flow Metering ◽  
Time Calibration ◽  
Subsea Production System

Well flow rate surveillance is essential for reservoir characterization and selecting potential activities and optimization production. Ideally, surveillance would be achieved using multiphase meters on each well, but generally it is not economically feasible especially for subsea production system. Therefore, the technology of virtual flow metering comes up. In this paper, the development and application of virtual flow metering system, used for determining production rates including gas oil and water flowrates in well, is discussed. Without any metering devices, the system, developed by China University of Petroleum, can automatically estimate single well and whole production rates every five minutes, only taking advantages of the instrumentations typically installed on wells. In hardware, the system is mainly made up of two servers, one of which in charge of communication, the other calculation. In software, the core algorithms are based on validated models of well hydraulics and flow through choke in oil industry. Also, the components and heat transfer influence is also taken into considered by their corresponding models. Based on these models, three independent algorithms are established for well flow rates prediction. Each algorithm is replicable for others in order to prevent measurement distortion and end caused by individual instruments faults. The value of estimated flow rate uncertainties in addition to real-time continuous well flowrate estimates is described. The flowrate basis on a daily or weekly reconciled by real-time calibration program basing on calculated uncertainties. The system practically applied in one subsea production system producing gas-condensate. In field commissioning, the system showed a great accuracy. The total mass flow rate and volumetric flowrates for each phase at standard conditions calculated with VMS showed a great agreement with the field data. The maximum error is below 10% and the averaged error is nearly 5%.

A new optimization algorithm for the layout design of a subsea production system

2021 ◽  
pp. 109072
Author(s):  
Yi Wang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Aixia Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Qiu ◽  
Menglan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Production System ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Subsea Production System

Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Rectangular (AR = 3:1) Channel With V-Shaped Dimples

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Neil Jordan ◽  
Lesley M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Secondary Flows ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Reduced Pressure

An alternative to ribs for internal heat transfer enhancement of gas turbine airfoils is dimpled depressions. Relative to ribs, dimples incur a reduced pressure drop, which can increase the overall thermal performance of the channel. This experimental investigation measures detailed Nusselt number ratio distributions obtained from an array of V-shaped dimples (δ/D = 0.30). Although the V-shaped dimple array is derived from a traditional hemispherical dimple array, the V-shaped dimples are arranged in an in-line pattern. The resulting spacing of the V-shaped dimples is 3.2D in both the streamwise and spanwise directions. A single wide wall of a rectangular channel (AR = 3:1) is lined with V-shaped dimples. The channel Reynolds number ranges from 10,000–40,000. Detailed Nusselt number ratios are obtained using both a transient liquid crystal technique and a newly developed transient temperature sensitive paint (TSP) technique. Therefore, the TSP technique is not only validated against a baseline geometry (smooth channel), but it is also validated against a more established technique. Measurements indicate that the proposed V-shaped dimple design is a promising alternative to traditional ribs or hemispherical dimples. At lower Reynolds numbers, the V-shaped dimples display heat transfer and friction behavior similar to traditional dimples. However, as the Reynolds number increases to 30,000 and 40,000, secondary flows developed in the V-shaped concavities further enhance the heat transfer from the dimpled surface (similar to angled and V-shaped rib induced secondary flows). This additional enhancement is obtained with only a marginal increase in the pressure drop. Therefore, as the Reynolds number within the channel increases, the thermal performance also increases. While this trend has been confirmed with both the transient TSP and liquid crystal techniques, TSP is shown to have limited capabilities when acquiring highly resolved detailed heat transfer coefficient distributions.

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